2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题77（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.1. Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by_.2. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?问题1选项A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.new designs of houses问题2选项A.Their concepts of domestic spaceB.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of their houses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A【解析】1.考查细节事实题。由文章一段中的With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates（随着个人主义思想的发展，人们很快开始转向使用单独的杯子和盘子）可知“个人主义思想”是一种新的观念，改变了人们的生活方式，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第一段中的The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity.（人们使用社会空间的方式反映了他们的社会关系和民族认同）与B选项对应，in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping（其中一个房间用来吃饭、招待客人和睡觉）与C选项对应，They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms（他们开始建造自己的房子，有单独的房间来招待客、睡觉和工作厨房、洗衣房和浴室）与D选项对应。通过排除法排除B、C、D选项，因此选A。2. 单选题The _of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质”；B选项texture“质地，手感”；C选项content“内容”；D选项threshold“门槛，入口，开始”。根据the scientific attitude可知A选项符合语义。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的思维能够成功地理解宇宙。3. 单选题Since British settlers first occupied this country. English has been the language in the United States.问题1选项A.practicableB.prevalentC.predominantD.popular【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项practicable adj.可用的，可行得通的；B选项prevalent adj.流行的，普遍的；C选项predominant adj.主要的，卓越的，有支配力的；D选项popular adj.流行的，通俗的。根据句意可知，自从英国殖民者第一次占领这个国家开始，英语就成为了美国的主流语言。因此，正确答案为C项。4. 单选题It was important for any lecturer to get the audience_right at the beginning and then gradually increase the pressure.问题1选项A.relatedB.concernedC.involvedD.mixed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“联系，叙述，讲述”；B选项concern“涉及，关系到”；C选项involve“包含，牵涉，(使)参加”；D选项mix“混合”。根据lecture与audience可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：对于任何一个演讲者来说，让听众一开始就参与进来是很重要的。然后逐渐增加压力。5. 单选题TheChairman was evidently_ byJims words and glared at him for a few seconds.问题1选项A.put downB.put acrossC.put awayD.put out【答案】D【解析】动词词组题。A选项put down镇压，记下；B选项put across圆满完成，解释清楚，使被人理解；C选项put away放好，抛弃；D选项put out扑灭；恼怒。根据句意可知，董事长明显被吉姆的话激怒了，瞪了他好一会。因此，D项是正确答案。6. 单选题The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life, is a key test for these rival instances.问题1选项A.doctrinesB.heresiesC.examplesD.debates【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项doctrines n.主义，学说，教义；B选项heresies n.异端邪说，异教；C选项 examples n.例子，实例；D选项debates n.辩论，讨论。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出现，对于这些竞争对手情况是一个关键性的测试。因此，C选项正确。7. 单选题（）regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.问题1选项A.Not receivedB.Since receivingC.Having receivedD.Not having received【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。题干中hardly常与否定搭配表示肯定，而且非谓语部分逻辑主语与句子主语一致。因此，根据句意和搭配可知，本题A项正确。句意：由于没有经过专门的护理培训，她起初很难适应工作。8. 单选题_dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】考查倒装结构。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装；whatever后面常跟名词；as引导让步状语从句时，结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词+ as +主语+谓语；however引导让步状语从句时，后面跟形容词或副词。句意：不管他有多迟钝，他无疑是一位非常成功的高管。9. 单选题People say that John Smith is very eccentric.问题1选项A.neatB.nervousC.oddD.proud【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 考查形容词词义辨析。题目中eccentric为“古怪的（人）；反常的” A选项为“整洁的；干净的”；B选项为 “神经的；紧张不安的”；C选项为“古怪的；临时的；奇数的”；D选项为“自豪的；得意的”。由句意可知，人们说约翰斯密斯是个非常古怪的。因此，正确答案是C项。 10. 单选题Alex isnt very friendly; he keeps a（）between himself and other people.问题1选项A.barrierB.foundationC.frontierD.gauge【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。通过句意可知，Alex不是特别友好，他总将自己与其他人隔离开来。A选项为“障碍；分界线”；B选项为“基础”；C选项为“边界；边缘”；D选项为“尺度；测量”。因此，A项符合句意。故正确答案为A项。11. 单选题If no one asks any question, I_everybody understands.问题1选项A.deduceB.presumeC.pretendD.presuppose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deduce“推论，推断”；B选项presume“假设，认为”；C选项pretend“假装，伪装”；D选项presuppose“假设，以为前提”。根据If no one asks any question可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：如果没有人问任何问题，那么我认为大家都能理解。12. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.“孩子是上天送给成人的天使；宠物是成人送给孩子的天使。”宠物可以成为孩子很好的伙伴：他们与孩子玩耍，同时也与孩子进行着感情的交流。孩子可以对他们倾诉自己的心事，因为他们是最好的倾诉者；孩子受到父母的训斥或别人的嘲笑时，这些默默无闻的听者可以带给他们关怀和安慰；孩子生病时，宠物可以陪伴他们，给他们抚慰和鼓励帮助他们勇于面对困难，自强不息。【答案】Children are the angels of adults given by god; pets are the angels of children given by adults. Pets can be childrens good friends. They play with children, as well as exchange emotional feelings with them at the same time. Children can tell their own worries to pets for they are the best audient. When children are rebuked by parents or laughed at by others, these silent listeners can bring them care and comfort. Pets can keep children company when they are ill, giving them comfort and encouraging them to face difficulties and constantly striving to become stronger.13. 翻译题Translate the following into English.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也 越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。【答案】China has developed into a big, extremely attractive and realistic market in the global context. Many farsighted entrepreneurs from countries and regions around the world have begun to keep an eye on China and gotten substantial profits from their investment activities. I believe that, after Chinas entry into WTO, there will be more opportunities for foreign entrepreneurs to make investments in China and also lager space for their own development. The investment activities in China will certainly serve as a bridge connecting entrepreneurs from all the countries and regions in the world with the Chinese market, and promote the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world.14. 单选题Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional womens jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 1?2. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?3. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture_.4. It could be inferred from the passage that_.5. The best title for the passage may be_.问题1选项A.Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B.Men and womens roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Mens roles at home were more firmly fixed than womens.D.Men and womens roles were usually quite separated in the past.问题2选项A.The first sentence.B.The second and the third sentences.C.The fourth sentence.D.The last sentence.问题3选项A.destroyed the United StatesB.transfonned some American valuesC.was not important in the United StatesD.brought people more leisure time with their families问题4选项A.men and women will never share the same goalsB.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male rolesC.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wivesD.more American households are headed by women than ever before问题5选项A.Results of Feminist MovementsB.New influence in American LifeC.Counterculture and Its consequenceD.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中But its influence spread to many parts of American society（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。15. 单选题_for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain【答案】C【解析】考查句子结构。由句子结构可知，there be句型在此处作独立结构。A选项there be句型与后半句之间缺少连接词；B选项Having no rain逻辑关系不正确；C选项和D选项都属于独立主格结构，但使用完成时更能表现因很久未下雨而导致的结果；因此，正确答案是C项。句意：因为长时间没有下雨，地里干枯得很厉害。16. 单选题Norris has decided to for some evening class next them now that he has settled down in New York.问题1选项A.enrollB.enlistC.engageD.enter【答案】A【解析】查短语搭配。A选项enroll v.参加，注册，登记；B选项enlist v. 谋取，征募，使入伍；C选项engage v.从事，答应，保证，订婚；D选项enter v.进入，开始，增加。由句意可知，既然Norris现在已经在纽约定居下来，那么他打算下学期报名参加一些晚上的课。因此，正确答案为A。17. 单选题We must look beyond_and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.问题1选项A.justificationsB.illusionsC.manifestationsD.specifications【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项justification“借口，理由”；B选项illusion“错觉，幻想”；C选项manifestation“表示，表明”；D选项specification“规格，说明书”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与assumptions的意思接近，因此选B。句意：我们必须超越幻想和假设，努力发现缺失的东西。18. 单选题African students have mounted strong protests over the measure, claiming that they are being against.问题1选项A.displacedB.discriminatedC.resentedD.disturbed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项displaced v.取代，替换；B选项discriminated v.歧视，辨别，区别；C选项resented v.怨恨，厌恶；D选项disturbed v.扰乱，干扰。根据句意可知非洲学生们已经针对实施方案确立了反抗提案，声称他们遭受了种族歧视。因此，正确答案为B项。19. 单选题We should always keep in mind that（）decisions often lead to bitter regrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的；B选项hasty adj.轻率的，草率的，匆忙的；C选项 instant adj.立即的，紧迫的；D选项prompt adj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我们必须谨记仓促的决定常常会导致痛苦的悔恨。因此本题选择B项。20. 单选题This is one of the animals that can the color of their surroundings.问题1选项A.take upB.take inC.take onD.take to【答案】C【解析】词组题。A选项take up拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项take in吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项take on 承担，呈现，具有；D选项take to喜欢，走向，开始从事。句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。