2022年高考英语二轮总复习 第6讲 动词和动词短语学案

2022年高考英语二轮总复习 第6讲 动词和动词短语学案1. The school isnt the one I really wanted to go to, but I suppose Ill just have to _ it. (xx浙江卷) A. make the best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with 【答案及解析】1. A考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。”make the best of充分利用，尽量好好去做；get away from逃离；keep an eye on照看，留心； 注意；catch up with追上，赶上。2. He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night. (xx浙江卷) A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up 【答案及解析】2. D考查短语动词的辨析。句意为“他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。”put down放下，平定， 镇压，记下；put off推迟；put on穿上，戴上，上演，假装，增加；put up举起，建立，张贴，投宿。3. The majority of people in the town strongly _ the plan to build a playground for children. (xx浙江卷) A. consider B. support C . confirm D. submit 【答案及解析】3. B考查动词辨析。consider考虑，思考，认为等；support支持，拥护，维持；confirm证实，确认；submit使屈服，使经受。句意：镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。 4. After that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. (xx浙江卷) A. get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across 【答案及解析】4. C考查与get相关的短语辨析。get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与友好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。句意：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。5. The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments. (xx浙江卷) A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply【答案及解析】5. A考查动词搭配。adapt to适应；appeal to吸引；attach to系在上面；apply to申请。句意：孩子们的一个优点是动词的辨析动词是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空、完形填空还是短文改错题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：1词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain, say; discover, invent; uncover, find等。5某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask, give, call, make, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in, give up; turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。动词短语的要点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词副词(不及物)Harry turned_up after the party when everyone had left. 哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。 (2)动词副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：She turned_off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：She gave them away. 她把它们送人了。 (3)动词介词(及物)Im looking_for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：Shes got more work than she can cope_with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词副词介词I look_forward_to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就能见到你。注意：“动词介词”、“动词名词副词”、“动词副词介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。如：In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 2熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：hear from收到的来信，hear of听说。 look after照料，look at看，look for寻找。 (2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：ring back回电话ring off挂断电话ring up打电话 put away放好，收起 put on穿上，上演put up挂起，举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：look for寻找 ask for请求wait for等候 send for派人去叫 (4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：break out发生，爆发 carry out进行，开展go out熄灭 hand out分发let out放出 look out当心sell out卖完 set out出发take out取出 work out算出break down坏了 e down落下来get down下车 take down取下write down写下 易错易混点1. lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎)：这三个易混动词构成见下表：2. rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。 3. hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 4sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair. 5. win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。 6. lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用lost, gone，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing。