（5年高考3年模拟A版）天津市2020年高考英语总复习 专题一 细节理解学案（含解析）

专题一细节理解挖命题【考情探究】考点内容五年考频统计2014天津卷2015天津卷2016天津卷2017春天津卷2017夏天津卷2018春天津卷2018夏天津卷细节理解考纲要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念,且能理解某句、某段的意义。881113101110分析解读一篇文章确定主题后,通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行解释和说明,因此有很多阅读理解题是根据短文的细节设计的。细节理解题考查考生对文中的特定的表层信息的把握,故难度一般不会太大。纵观天津近五年高考,可以看出对细节理解方面的考查所占的比例一般维持在50%左右,但考查难度稍有增加。具体表现为:1.答案需跨段落搜索;2.题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致;3.需将几个信息点综合、归纳才能得出答案。过专题【五年高考】A组自主命题天津卷题组Passage1(2018天津夏,A)词数:332FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallcampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置)systems,firealarms,andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoanewarea,youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的)firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors,smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety,nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄)thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment.FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill,pleasedothefollowing:TakeyourroomkeyandID,closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit;donotusealift.Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguishersFireextinguishersarelocatedoneachfloorandineachapartment.Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherresidentsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings.Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector:Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly,theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动),contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke,informyourhallstaff.1.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.2.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.3.Inafiredrill,thestudentsshould.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall4.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?A.Usingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.D.Usingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.5.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector,oneshould.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking答案1.C2.B3.C4.A5.DPassage2(2018天津春,A)词数:330Whenyouchooseahighereducationcourse,herearesometipsforyoutofollow.ChoosingyourcourseTherearearangeofsubjectsandcoursesavailable.Manyarework-related;othersareacademic.You􀆳llneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithalmostthesamenamemaydifferenormously.Forexample,ifyou􀆳reinterestedinconstructionbutwishtouseyourcreativeskills,youmaybebettersuitedtoabuildingdesignmanagementcoursethanabuildingprojectmanagementcourse.StyleoflearningThinkaboutthestyleoflearningthatbestsuitsyou.It􀆳simportanttostudyasubjectthatyouparticularlyenjoy,butifyouwanttofollowacareerinadifferentarea,youmayconsidertakingthesubjectsyouwanttolearnandjoiningthemintoonedegree.Manydegreecoursesaremadeupofdifferentsubjectmoduleswhichdealwithparticularareasofinterest.ChoosingwheretostudyWhereyoustudycanbealmostasimportantaswhatyoustudy.Onethingtoconsideriswhetheryouwanttoliveathomeormoveaway.Forsomepeople,livingathomeoffersthebestofbothworlds,butitmaymakesensetomoveifyouwanttostudyaparticularcourseataspecificuniversityorcollege.Manystudentsvaluetheexperienceoflivingoncampusorinadifferentpartofthecountryasanimportantpartofuniversitylife.FindingoutmoreaboutcoursesOnceyou􀆳vegotalistofcoursesthatappealtoyou,it􀆳sworthlookingatsomeothersourcesofinformationaboutthem,likeindependentreports.Theseprovideinformationonthenumbersofstudentswhofinishedthecourse,studentsatisfactionandmore.OpendaysOpendaysusuallytakeplaceinspringorautumn.Althoughyoumayhaveanideaaboutwhatacourseislike,there􀆳snosubstitute(替代)forattendingaclassyourself.Ifyoucan􀆳tcomeontheopendays,youcansignupforaguidedtourinstead.1.Youneedtolookbeyondthecoursetitlebecausecourseswithsimilarnamesmaybe.A.creativity-focusedB.work-relatedC.fardifferentD.quitesimilar2.Whatareyouadvisedtodoifyourinterestdisagreeswithyourfuturecareer?A.Addpreferredsubjectstoyourdegreecourses.B.Choosethesubjectsbasedonyourinterest.C.Earndifferentdegrees.D.Giveupyourinterest.3.WhatdowelearnaboutfromPara.4?A.Disadvantagesofstudyingoncampus.B.Reasonsforchoosingwheretostudy.C.Importanceofattendinganearbycollege.D.Problemsofgoingtoafarawayuniversity.4.Whyisitrecommendedtocheckindependentreports?A.Toincreaseapplicants􀆳interest.B.Tobetterunderstandacourse.C.Tofigureouthowtocompleteacourse.D.Tofindouthowdifferentthecoursesare.5.Ontheopendays,would-becollegestudentscan.A.signupforaparticularcourseB.takeaguidedtouronthecampusC.seewhetherthereisasubstitutecourseD.havefirst-handexperienceofacourse答案1.C2.A3.B4.B5.DPassage3(2017天津夏,D)词数:371Ireadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatientsocietylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let􀆳stakealookatthreetypesof “waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefillingupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisgoingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit􀆳sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecounterandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiresaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecupsofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasactuallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone􀆳slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwellservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn􀆳tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybody.Wecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou􀆳restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou􀆳llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don􀆳tbedesperate.You􀆳reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.1.WhiledoingaWatched-PotWait,wetendto.A.keepourselvesbusyB.getabsent-mindedC.growanxiousD.stayfocused2.WhatisthedifferencebetweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?A.TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-control.B.TheForcedWaitmakespeoplepassive.C.TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections.D.TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheLucky-BreakWait?A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.B.Itdoesn􀆳talwaysbringthedesiredresult.C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait.D.Itdoesn􀆳tgivepeoplefaithandhope.4.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?A.Takeitseriously.B.Don􀆳trelyonothers.C.Dosomethingelse.D.Don􀆳tloseheart.5.Theauthorsupportshisviewby.A.exploringvariouscausesof “waits”B.describingdetailedprocessesof “waits”C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof “waits”D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof “waits”答案1.B2.A3.B4.D5.CPassage4(2017天津春,A)词数:321CareerguidancespecialistsinJohnAdamsHighSchoolcanprovideinformationaboutCareer&TechnicalEducationclasses,assistyouinmakingwisedecisionsforyourfuture,andhelpyoufindopportunitiesin:certificateprograms,apprenticeship(学徒)programsandfour-yearcollegesthatbestfityourneeds.Eachofthefollowingtwo-yearprogramsoffersthreehighschoolcreditspersemesterandrequiresaformalapplication.BusinessCooperativeExperiencesThisisaprogramforstudentswhohaveacareergoalinbusinessorofficework.Studentsspendoneperiodeachdaylearningadvancedskillsrelatedtothestudents􀆳careerobjectiveinbusiness.Studentswillbeemployedatatrainingstationandwillworkeachweekatabusinessinthelocalcommunity.Importantfacts:ComputerapplicationsWorkatotalof540hourstoearncreditsTransportationnotprovidedBusinessTechnologyLabThisprogramwillpreparestudentsforcareersinbusinessandindustryandforworkingwithinteractivemedia.Studentswilllearnmultimedia,webdesign,andphotodesignskillsbyusingstate-of-the-art(最先进的)equipmentandsoftware.Thiscoursewillprovidestudentswiththetoolstoseekjobsorcontinuestudyingatapost-secondaryschool.Importantfacts:AvailableatClayHighSchoolTwo-hourcourseAutomotive(汽车的)ServicesTechnologyTheprogramincludesclassroominstructionandlabactivitiesforthestudentstolearnentry-levelautomotiveskillsandbasicautomotiveoperationandservice.Studentswillgainskillsandtraininginautorepairthatcanleadtoentry-leveljobs,orpost-secondaryeducation.Importantfacts:ClassesheldatIvyTechTransportationprovidedBuildingTradesTechnologyInthisprogram,students,undertheleadershipofaqualifiedinstructor,willbuildahouse.Itgivesstudentsbasicskillsneededtoenterthebuildingtrades,ortocontinuestudyofconstructioninanapprenticeprogram,orapost-secondaryschool.Importantfacts:Three-hourcourseTransportationprovidedWorkbootsandhelmetneeded1.IntheBusinessCooperativeExperiencesprogram,studentswill.A.havefreetransportationB.finish540classhoursC.acquiretrainingabilityD.workatalocalbusiness2.AnapplicantforBusinessTechnologyLabislikelytobeastudentwhoplans.A.tobeanequipmentproviderB.toworkatasecondaryschoolC.todevelopgreatcomputerskillsD.toentertheacademicworld3.WhatcanstudentslearninAutomotiveServicesTechnology?A.Securityoperations.B.Entry-levelcarservices.C.Instructiontechniques.D.Advancedautomotiveskills.4.Whichoftheprogramshassafetyrequirements?A.BusinessCooperativeExperiences.B.BusinessTechnologyLab.C.AutomotiveServicesTechnology.D.BuildingTradesTechnology.5.Whatdothefourprogramsfocuson?A.Practicalskills.B.Theoreticalstudy.C.Businessplanning.D.Managementability.答案1.D2.C3.B4.D5.APassage5(2017天津春,C)词数:356DebraAveryhasbeenahorseloversinceshewasalittlegirlinSanDiego.Herfamilycouldn􀆳taffordahorseofitsown,soDebraborrowedridesatthelocalhorse-ridingcenter,gainingtheconfidenceonlyfoundatopahorse.Yearslater,Debrarememberedthoseearlydays,andthelessonsshelearnedwiththehorsesattheridingcenter,andwantedtohelpotheryoungwomengetthebenefitsofconnectingwithhorses. “Ialwayswantedtorunahorseprogramforgirlslikeme,” saysDebra. “Iwantedtohelpthemgainthecouragetobearoundahorseandtocareforahorse.”OnedayattheLosAngelesHorse-ridingCenter,asDebrarodebesidefellowriderJudithHopkins,shementionedaninheritance(遗产)fromherfather-in-lawandherdesiretouseittoservedisadvantagedgirls.Judithhadthesamedreamandanamefortheorganization.TheyfoundedTakingtheReins(TTR)in1998.Theorganizationservesmorethan400youngwomenperyearinafter-school,weekend,andsummerprogramsthatfeaturehorseridingandcare,gardeningandevencompetitivehorseshowing.Mostparticipantslivebelowthepovertylineandoftenhavenothadreliablehousingformorethansixmonthsatatime.Fewhaveprevioushorseexperience.TTRusesfarmandranchexperiencestoteachresponsibility,leadership,teamwork,andself-confidence.DirectorDr.JaneHavensays, “Alargenumberofourgirlsaresomewhatautistic(孤独症的).Ican􀆳tcounthowmanyofthemhavefoundtheirfirstsocialfriendsthankstosharingthishobbyandactivity.Horsesbringthemoutinsuchawonderfulway.”JanealsoseesmembersofTTRprogramexcelinschool100percentofyoungwomeninvolvedforfouryearsormorehavegraduatedfromhighschool.Ninety-ninepercentofthoseparticipantshavegoneontoattendfour-yearcolleges.DebraseesamoreobviousimpactafterafewweeksintheTTRprogram,theyoungwomensitalittlehigherintheirsaddles(马鞍). “There􀆳sjustsomethingaboutsittinguponthebackofahorsethatgivesthemaboostofconfidence.”1.Debra􀆳searlylifewasgreatlyinfluencedby.A.herfamilyB.horseridingC.schoollessonsD.herfellowrider2.WhatprogramsdoesTTRoffer?A.Horseridingandshowing.B.Horsecareandfarming.C.Petcareandgardening.D.Weekendhikingandcamping.3.Whowastheorganizationfoundedfor?A.Homelessandlonelywomen.B.Hard-workingschoolgirls.C.Femaleautisticpatients.D.Poorhorse-lovinggirls.4.InwhatwayhasTTRchangeditsmembers􀆳life?A.Theyhavebeengivenfinancialaid.B.Theyhaveachievedacademicexcellence.C.Theyhavegrownintoprofessionalhorseriders.D.Theyhavebeenprovidedwithreliablehousing.5.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.TTRisaprofit-makingorganization.B.TTRprogramlastsafewweeks.C.Thegirls􀆳confidencegrowsquickly.D.Thegirlscanridetallerhorses.答案1.B2.A3.D4.B5.CPassage6(2016天津,A)词数:294ALanguageProgrammeforTeenagersWelcometoTeenagersAbroad!Weinviteyoutojoinusonanamazingjourneyoflanguagelearning.OurCoursesRegardlessofyourchoiceofcourse,you􀆳lldevelopyourlanguageabilitybothquicklyandeffectively.OurStandardCourseguaranteesasignificantincreaseinyourconfidenceinaforeignlanguage,withfocusedteachinginall4skillareasspeaking,listening,readingandwriting.OurIntensiveCoursebuildsonourStandardCourse,with10additionallessonsperweek,guaranteeingthefastestpossiblelanguagelearning(seetablebelow).CourseTypeDaysNumberofLessonsCourseTimetableStandardCourseMonFri20lessons9:0012:30IntensiveCourseMonFri20lessons9:0012:3010lessons13:0014:30EvaluationStudentsareplacedintoclassesaccordingtotheircurrentlanguageskills.Themajorityofthemtakeanonlinelanguagetestbeforestartingtheirprogramme.However,ifthisisnotavailable,studentssittheexamonthefirstMondayoftheircourse.Learningmaterialsareprovidedtostudentsthroughouttheircourse,andtherewillneverbemorethan15participantsineachclass.ArrivalsandTransferOurprogrammeoffersthefullpackagestudentsaretakengoodcareoffromthestartthroughtotheveryend.Theyarecollectedfromtheairportuponarrivalandbroughttotheiraccommodationincomfort.Werequirethestudent􀆳sfullflightdetailsatleast4weeksinadvance.Meals/Allergies(过敏)/SpecialDietaryRequirementsStudentsareprovidedwithbreakfast,dinnerandeitheracookedorpackedlunch(whichconsistsofasandwich,adrinkandadessert).Snacksoutsideofmealtimesmaybepurchasedbythestudentindividually.Weaskthatyouletusknowofanyallergiesordietaryrequirementsaswellasinformationaboutanymedicinesyoutake.Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,anextrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.1.HowdoesIntensiveCoursedifferfromStandardCourse?A.Itislesseffective.B.Itfocusesonspeaking.C.Itincludesextralessons.D.Itgivesyouconfidence.2.WhencanastudentattendStandardCourse?A.13:0014:30Monday.B.9:0012:30Tuesday.C.13:0014:30Friday.D.9:0012:30Saturday.3.Beforestartingtheirprogramme,studentsareexpectedto.A.takealanguagetestB.haveanonlineinterviewC.preparelearningmaterialsD.reporttheirlanguagelevels4.Withthefullpackage,theprogrammeorganiserissupposedto.A.informstudentsoftheirfullflightdetailsB.lookafterstudentsthroughouttheprogrammeC.offerstudentsfreesightseeingtripsD.collectstudents􀆳luggageinadvance5.Whichofthefollowingmayrequireanextrapayment?A.Cookeddinner.B.Mealtimedessert.C.Packedlunch.D.Specialdiet.答案1.C2.B3.A4.B5.DPassage7(2015天津,D)词数:329OncewhenIwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk,Iwenttoafriend.Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadviceI􀆳veeverhad:Beboldandbraveandmighty(强大的)forceswillcometoyouraid.ThosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenIhadfallenshortinthepast,itwasseldombecauseIhadtriedandfailed.ItwasusuallybecauseIhadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall.Ontheotherhand,wheneverIhadplungedintodeepwater,forcedbycourageorcircumstance,IhadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntilIgotmyfeetonthegroundagain.Boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyouaresureyoucaneat.Andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces.Theyarepotentialpowerswepossess:energy,skill,soundjudgment,creativeideasevenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize.Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones.Buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones.Acollegeclassmateofmine,Tim,wasanexcellentfootballplayer,eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer.“InonegameIsuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer,whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline,”saidTim.“IwassofrightenedthatIclosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet(子弹)andstoppedhimcold.”Boldnessawillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextremeisnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight.Butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults.Confidencebuildsup.Surely,therewillbesetbacks(挫折)anddisappointmentsinlife;boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess.Butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds.So,alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilitiesandyou􀆳llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed.1.Whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast?A.Hefacedhugerisks.B.Helackedmightyforces.C.Fearpreventedhimfromtrying.D.Failureblockedhiswaytosuccess.2.Whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart?A.Swallowmorethanyoucandigest.B.Actslightlyaboveyourabilities.C.Developmoremysteriouspowers.D.Learntomakecreativedecisions.3.WhatwasespeciallyimportantforTim􀆳ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame?A.Hisphysicalstrength.B.Hisbasicskill.C.Hisrealfear.D.Hisspiritualforce.4.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph5?A.Confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults.B.Tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless.C.Repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife.D.Boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle.5.Whatistheauthor􀆳spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toencouragepeopletobecourageous.B.Toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower.C.Totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess.D.Torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities.答案1.C2.B3.D4.D5.APassage8(2014天津,A)词数:287AGuidetotheUniversityFoodTheTWUCafeteriaisopen7amto8pm.Itservessnacks(小吃),drinks,icecreambarsandmeals.YoucanpaywithcashoryourIDcards.YoucanaddmealmoneytoyourIDcardsattheFrontDesk.Evenifyoudonotbuyyourfoodinthecafeteria,youcanusethetablestoeatyourlunch,tohavemeetingsandtostudy.Ifyouareoncampusintheeveningorlateatnight,youcanbuysnacks,fastfood,anddrinksintheLowerCaflocatedinthebottomleveloftheDouglasCentre.Thisareaisoftenusedforentertainmentsuchasconcerts,gamesorTVwatching.RelaxationTheGlobe,locatedinthebottomlevelofMcMillanHall,isavailableforrelaxing,studying,cooking,andeating.Monthlyactivitiesareheldhereforallinternationalstudents.Hoursare10amto10pm,closedonSundays.HealthLocatedonthetopfloorofDouglasHall,theWellnessCentreiscommittedtophysical,emotionalandsocialhealth.Adoctorandnurseisavailableifyouhavehealthquestionsorneedimmediatemedicalhelporpersonaladvice.Thecostofthisisincludedinyourmedicalinsurance.HoursareMondaytoFriday,9amtonoonand1:00to4:30pm.AcademicSupportAllstudentshaveaccesstotheWritingCentreontheupperfloorofDouglasHall.Here,qualifiedvolunteerswillworkwithyouonwrittenwork,grammar,vocabulary,andotheracademicskills.Youcansignupforanappointmentonthesign-upsheetoutsidethedoor:two30-minuteappointments