词法小学英语名词练习题冠词

冠词重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）概说 1冠词是一种虚词，不能独立担任一个成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。英语中有两个冠词： 1）定冠词the 2）不定冠词a/an 定冠词the通常读作，在元音前读作i，特别强调或单念时读作i:。 不定冠词在元音音素开始的单词前用an这个形式，读作n；在其他情况下则使用a，读作。 2冠词的基本意义 不定冠词a/an与数词one同源，表示“一个”的意思，用在可数名词单数前。 例如： She is a nurse. 她是个护士。 He is an Englishman, with an Irish wife. 他是一位英国人，有一个爱尔兰妻子。 定冠词the，与this同源，有“这（那）个”的意思，但比较弱，表示一（几）个特定的人或东西，有时可译作“这个（些）”或“那个（些）”。 例如： Thats the book you want. 这就是你要的那本书。 Whos the young man over there? 那边那个年轻人是谁？ 但在很多情况下，“这”或“那”这类词在译文中并不出现。 例如： Put it on the table. 把它放在桌上。 Shut the door, please. 请把门关上。 3特指和泛指 一般来说，名词有特指和泛指两种情况，请比较下面的句子： A gentleman is asking to see you. 有位先生要求见你。（泛指） Ask the gentleman to come in. 请那位先生进来。（特指） 在特指时一般前面要加定冠词，而泛指时则有三种情况： 1）在可数名词单数前加不定冠词。 例如： She sent me a postcard 她寄给我一张明信片。 2）在可数名词复数前可不加冠词，可使用some, any这类词。 例如： These are new words. 这些是生词。 She sent me some flowers. 她送给我一些花。 3）在不可数名词前多不加什么，有时也可加some, any等。 例如： Its lovely weather. 天气真好。 Do you want any sugar in your tea? 你茶里要放点糖吗？ Give us some help. 给我们一些帮助。 （二）不定冠词的基本用法 1泛指某一类人或事物中的一个，代表某一类别（不一定译为“一”） 例如： His father is a doctor. 他父亲是医生。 2代表某一类人或事物，相当于any（+名词）（不必译为“一”，但必须用a，表示类别） 例如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 3指某人或某物（不是指某一类），但不具体说明何人或何物（一般译为“一”） 例如： This book was written by a worker. 这本书是一位工人写的。 4表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈（一般译为“一”） 例如： Wait a moment. 等一下。 5表示单位，相当于“每”的意思 例如： We have three meals a day. 我们每日吃三餐。 6用于某此固定词组中 例如： a few, a little, a bit (of), a lot of等。 （三）定冠词的基本用法 1特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 例如： Give me the book. 把那本书给我。 2指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 例如： Where is the doctor? 医生在哪儿？ 3再次提到上文提到过的人或事物 例如： I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is at home. 昨天我买了一本词典。词典在家里。 4用在大家所熟悉的、世界上独一无二的事物 例如： The earth is bigger than the moon, but smaller than the sun. 地球比月亮大，但比太阳小。 5用在序数词和形容词最高级前 例如： Mr Wang teaches the first class. 王先生上第一节课。 Of all the stars the sun is the nearest to the earth. 在所有的恒星中，太阳离地球最近。 6用在单数可数名词，表示某一类人或事物 例如：The horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 7与下列专有名词连用 1）在江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉的名称前 例如： the Changjiang River, the Great Lake 2）在姓氏的复数名词前，表示夫妇二人或全家人 例如： The Greens are sitting at the breakfast table. 格林一家人正围坐在早餐桌旁。 8和某些形容词连用，表示一类人 例如： the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the dead 死人 9在一些习惯说法中 the east (west, south, north) in the morning (afternoon, evening) on the left (right) in the end go to the cinema （四）不用冠词的几种情况 1在专有名词，抽象名词和物质名词前 例如： Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你到过上海吗？ We love science. 我们爱好科学。 2在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前 例如： Girls can be scientists. 女孩子可以当科学家。 3在季节、月份、星期、一日三餐的名称前 例如： It is hot in summer. 夏天天气热。 Its Tuesday, August the 22nd. 今天是八月二十二日，星期三。 Have you had breakfast? 你吃过早饭没有？ 4称呼语或表示头衔，职务的名词前 例如： Whats the matter with you, Mike? 怎么啦，迈克？ He is headmaster of our school. 他是我们学校的校长。 5学科和球类运动的名称前 例如： We study English. 我们学习英语。 Do you like to play football? 你喜欢踢足球吗？ 6名词前已有用作定语的this, that my, your, some, any, no, whose, every, each等代词时，不用冠词 例如： That is her bike.那是她的自行车。 Each student in his class studies hard. 这个班的每个学生都努力学习。 7在某些固定词组的名词前 例如： at home, at night, after school, by bus, in bed, in town, in front of, go to school, go to bed等。 三、随堂监测A组 I. 在下列句子的空格中填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方用“/”表示： 1. This is _ old map. It is _ useful map. 2. We have no classes in _ afternoon on _ Saturday. 3. _ spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _second. 4. Beijing is _ capital of _ China. It is _ beautiful city. 5. Roman was not built in _ day. 6. Chinese is quite _ difficult language for Mike. 7. Many _ students will take _ active part in sports meet. 8. There is _ interesting picture on _ wall. 9. Jenny found _ wallet lying on _ground. _ wallet was Mr. Blacks. 10. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth? 11. - Which picture is more beautiful? - _one on _ left, I think. 12. - Which is _ way to _ hospital? - Go down this road and turn left on _ second crossing. 13. _ more, _ better. 14. _ Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 15. Joe Hill was _ fighter for _ working class. 16. When was _ Peoples Republic of China founded? 17. In China _ first English textbooks were published in _late nineteenth century. 18. After _ breakfast he went to _ school on _ foot. 19. _ Huanghe River lies in _ north of China. 20. He likes playing _ football. His sister likes playing _ piano. II. 单项选择： 1. 上学 A. go to school B. go to the school C. go to a school 2. 住院 A, in the hospital B. in a hospital C. in hospital 3. 此刻 A. at the moment B. at a moment C. at moment 4. 在课堂上 A. in class B. in a class C. in the class 5. 在地球上 A. on earth B. on an earth C. on the earth 6. 步行 A. on foot B. on the foot C. on feet 7. 吃饭 A. at a table B. at the table C. at table 8. 乘公共汽车A. take bus B. by bus C. by the bus 9. 在家 A. at the home B. at a home C. at home 10. 在工作 A. at work B. at the work C. at works 11. 跳高 A. jump high B. high jump C. the high jump 12. 坐飞机 A. by air B. by the air C. on air13. 乘火车 A. by the train B. by train C. on train 14. 在校学习 A. in the school B. in school C. in schools 15. 睡觉 A. go to bed B. go to the bed C. go to a bed 16. 感冒 A. have a cold B. have the cold C. have cold 17. 乘船 A. by ship B. on ship C. by a ship 18. 玩得痛快A. have good times B. have a good time C. have good times 19. 事实上 A. in the fact B. in facts C. in fact 21. 从早到晚A. from morning to the evening B. from morning to evening C. from a morning to an evening 四、随堂监测B组 III. 选择填空： 1. There is _ old woman in the car. A. / B. the C. a D. an 2. Shanghai is in _ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a 3. Bill is _ English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a, the B. an, the C. a, / D. /, / 4. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _ bus. A. an, / B. an, a C. a, / D. /, / 5. The story is _ interesting. That means it is _ interesting story. A. an, the B. the, a. C. /, an D. /, a 6. Lets go for _ walk, shall we? A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. This is _ interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a, a B. an, an C. an, a D. a, an 8. _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school. A. A, an B. The, a C. The , the D. A, the 9. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the 10. Australia is _ English-speaking country. A. a B. an C. the D. / 11. Dont play _ basketball here. Its dangerous. A. a B. an C. / D. the 12. This is _ apple. Its _ big apple. A. an, a B. a, the C. a, an D. an, the 13. - Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. - Is it _ one on the chair near the door? A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 14. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some 15. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a, The B. an, The C. an, An D. the, An 16. Have you had _ breakfast? A. a B. an C. the D. / 17. He wondered when the doctor could finish _ operation. A. a B. an C. the D. any 18. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ violin. A. the, the B. /, the C. /, a D. /, / 19. There is _ apple on the plate. A. a B. an C. the D. / 20. He said that he got _ “ C” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. / 21. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The, a B. A, / C. A, the D. An, an 22. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an, the B. a, the C. the, the D. an, an 23. In the word “ cariage” _ “ r” is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. / 24. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got _ “ A” in the test. A. a B. an C. the D. one 25. I have two dogs. _ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old. A. A, a B. The, a C. The, the D. A. the 26. Li Dan can play _ piano very well. A. / B. a C. an D. the 27. What _ interesting film it is! I like _ film very much. A. a, the B. a, a C. an, the D. The, / 28. _ tall man over there is our _ English teacher. A. A, the B. The, a C. A, an D. The, / 小学英语冠词的用法提高专题精讲及同步练习冠词虽小，只有a，an和the三个，但却是历年各地考试必考语言点之一。就考查题型而言，以单项选择为主，有时在完形填空中出现。从命题意图看，以考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别、不定冠词和定冠词的用法区别为主。同时考查冠词的各种不同用法。-考查重点冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。其中，不定冠词与定冠词的用法区别以及在具体语言环境中冠词的应用是历年中考试题考查的热点，也是今后的考查方向。冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”，“那”，“这些”，“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：a boy，a university，a european country；an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。4.表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如，i go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，i have three books. i want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。6.用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of)许多，大量；after a while过一会儿1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：open the window，please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：i have a car. the car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：the first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the great wall 长城，the united states美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10.用在乐器名称前。例如：she plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the black sea黑海，the yangzi river长江12.用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，class two二班，tianan men square天安门广场，water水2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。例如my book(正)；my the book(误)3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如，they are teachers.他们是老师。4.在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on sunday在周日，in march在三月，in spring在春天，on womens day在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：he joined the army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：tom汤姆，mum妈妈6.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：i have lunch at school every day.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：i can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：no.25 middle school8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面take place发生/take the place(of)代替at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来go to school(church)上学(做礼拜)/go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的next year明年/the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)七、例题剖析例1.he gave my sister useful book yesterday.a. an b. ac. / d the【答案】b useful的第一个音素为ju 故选b。例2.my brother is honest boy， so he has many friends.a. a b. anc. the d /【答案】b honest 的第一个音素为元音。例3.more college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year.a. the; the b. /; /c. /; the d. the; /【答案】a 方位名词前加the，in the west part；由句意可知为第二年，即the next year。例4.there is a big tree the house.a. in the front ofb. in front ofc. in frontd. at class【答案】b 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。例5.jim always answers the teachers questions _.a. in class b. in the classc. after class d. at class【答案】a 课上回答老师的问题，故选in class。八、同步练习1.there is _ apple on the desk.a. a b .the c. an d./2.the girl under _ tree is my sister.a. a b .thec .an d./3.mary is from _ usa.a. a b. thec. an d./4.he met _ friend of his on the road.a. a b .thec .an d./5.mr black will go back to england_.a .by air b .by a planec. by trains d. at a train6.yesterday i went to work on foot.a. /， / b ./， thec .the， / d. the， the7.there is “h” in the word “hour”， but “h”doesnt make a sound.a. a， a b. a， thec. the， ，an d .an. the8.im going to see my mother. she is ill _.a. in hospitalb. in the hospitalc. in a hospitald. at a hospital9. we have three meals day. we have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day.a. the， the， theb. the， /， thec. a， /， thed .a， the， the10.this is film ive told you about several times.its great. ive never seen _ more moving one.a. a， a b. the， thec. the， a d. a， the11.tina，could you please play piano for me while im singing？with pleasure.a .a b. anc. the d. /12.i want to try again. please give me third chance again.a .a b. thec. an d. /13. whats the matter with you？i caught bad cold and had to stay in bed.a. a; / b. a; thec. a; a d. the; the14. sun is shining brightly.a. a b. anc. the d. /15. swimming is in summer.a. a great fun b. great fun c. great funs d. great a fun参考答案：1-5cbbaa6-10adacc11-15caacb三、随堂监测A组 I. 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house _ 2. village _ 3. map _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. wish _ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. potato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ II. 将下列词组译成英语： 1、一群孩子 2、两箱子苹果 3、三篮子蔬菜 4、九块面包 5、十杯牛奶 6、五块肉 7、多种植物 8、一副眼镜 9、两块冰 10、三张纸 11、四瓶橘汁 12、五杯茶 13、六碗米饭 14、七袋米 15、八块木头 16、九块金属 III. 写出下列各词的名词形式： 1. work _ 2. teach _ 3. sing _ 4. ill _ 5. fight _ 6. invent _7. wait _ 8. woolen _ 9. win _10. thankful _ 11. foreign _ 12. cloudy _ 13. run _14. dirty _ 15. visit _ 16. funny _ 17. wooden _18. medical _ 19. operate _ 20. hot _ 21. invite _22. worried _ 23. build _ 24. please _ 25. help _26. safe _ 27. die _ 28. dangerous _ 29. draw _ 30. noisy _ 四、随堂监测B组 . 选择填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homeworkB. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. The _ of machine made us feel sick. A. voice B. noise C. sound D. noises 4. The blouse is made of _. A. a wool B. these wood C. wools D. wool 5. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 6. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 7. _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 8. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 9. Tom is _. He will come to see me. A. my a friend B. a friend C. mine friend D. a friend of mine 10. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 11. Id like to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breadsB. two pieces of breads C.two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 12. Its a long _ to Paris. Its two thousand kilometers. A. street B. road C. way D. end 13. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 14. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 15. Mr. White has three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 16. Beijing is one of the biggest _ in the world. A. citys B. city C. cityes D. cities 17. - Wheres Mr. White? - Hes in _. A. the room 202 B. Room 202 C. the Room 202 D. room 202 18. Shops, hospitals and schools are all _. A. places B. homes C. rooms D. buildings 19. Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office. A. 20 minutes walks B. 20 mi