人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习带解析汇报

word人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理与练习带解析1. 重点词汇official adj 官方的正式的.公务的 voyage n 航行航海conquer 征服.占领 because of 因为native 本国的；本地的 n 本地人本国人 e up 走近，上来提出actually实际上，事实上 base根据 n 基部；基地，墓础 at present 现在；目前 gradual 逐渐的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充实，改善 make use of 利用 使用 latter 较后的后平的；两者中后者的 . fluent 流利的.流畅的 frequent adj 频繁的常见的 usage 使用.用法.词语惯用法 mand命令；指令；掌握request请求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表示表达 midwestern 中西部的.有中西部特性的 African adj 非洲的：非洲人的；非洲语言的 play a part ( in 扮演个角色：参与 1. 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from one another4. 与现代英语不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 世界英语 world Englishes6. 起着的重要作用 play an important role / part7. 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role9. 国际语言 an international language10. 在16世纪末 at the end of the 16th century11. 在17世纪初 at the beginning of the 17th century12. 在20世纪前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何时候都 than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德语为根底 be based on German16. 使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色 its own identity18. 众多讲英语的人a very large number of English speakers19. 学英语的人数 the number of people learning English20. 迅速增长increase rapidly21. 标准英语standard English22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English24. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 25. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形势 present situation28. 国际组织 an international organization29. 词汇与惯用法 vocabulary and usage30. 识别出他的口音 recognize his accent31. 中西部地区的方言 midwestern dialect(s)32. 发出命令 give mands33. 提出客气的请求 make a polite request要点提炼 Section A重要词语辨析1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解释】voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942.journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地They will make a journey to Beijing by train.travel: 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游We had six days travel by car.trip: (短途)旅行The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall.tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行We will make a tour of Hainan next week.【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour1. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解应用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room答案：recognize known realised2. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否如此就用 that is或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比拟灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进展列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on进展概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。应用2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths, English and PE.(2)Overcooking(烹饪过度), _， destroys many nutrients(营养素).(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.答案 that is for example such as and so on3. especially/ specially【解释】especially意思是“尤其，特别，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Our city is very beautiful, _ in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。2). He came here _ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。答案: 1). especially 2). specially 4 a number of / the number of【解释】a number of意思是“假如干；许多the number of意思是“的数目【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). _ books in the market are in English.答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of重要词性变化 1. actual adj. 实际的actually adv. 实际上；事实上2. base n. 基地；根底base v. 以为根据basic adj. 根本的3. east n. 东方eastern adj. 东方的；东部的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) What did he _ say? (actual)2) The _ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)3My knowledge of physics is pretty _. (base)4She used her familys history as a _ for her novel. (base)5This novel is _ on historical facts. (base)6He is interested in _ customs. (determine)7) The wind is blowing from the _. (determine)答案: 1) actually2) actual3) basic4) base5) based 6) eastern7) east重点词汇，短语，句式1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进展正式调查。【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同1， official常指政府官员或行政官员2， officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。练习：我爸爸是军官，而他爸爸是政府官员。My father is an_ in the army, while his father is an_ in the government.答案：officer official2. voyage n.航行；航海；航天The voyage from America to France used to take two months.从美国到法国的航行通常要花2个月的时间。例题：他们要进展横越大西洋的航行。They want to_ _ _ across the Atlantic.从水手辛伯达的几次旅行中，他学会了很多关于大海的知识。From _ _ of the sailor Sinbad, he knew a lot about the sea.答案：make a voyage the voyages3. native adj. 本国的；本土的 n.本地人，本国人The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖国。The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。【注意】native 做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。be native to 意为动植物是特有的，原产于The tiger is native to India, 这种虎产于印度。4. actually adv. 实际上；事实上 相当于in fact/as a matter of factHe looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起来很镇定，实际上却非常紧X。Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed.或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想我还是去睡觉吧。【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。actual adj. 实在的；实际的；实际上；确实What were his actual words? 他到底怎么说的？5. base vt. 以为根底 n.根底；基地；I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消息上。This provides a good base for the development of new techniques.这为新技术的开展奠定了良好的根底。base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或根底be base on 以为根底on the base of 以为根底an air base 空军基地The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为根底的。One should always base ones opinions on facts.一个人的观点应该以事实为根底。6gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地Things gradually improved. 情况已经渐渐地改善。gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother.他对待继母的态度正在逐渐改变。7. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life.在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦。【注意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour the latter.注意区分later 后来 8. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的His visit became less frequent as time passed.随时时间的流逝，他渐渐不常登门了。frequently adv. 常常；频繁的Buses run frequently from the city to the airport.公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。词组1. because of 因为；由于典例1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。短语归纳because of 是复合介词。because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。练习 He came late to school again _ he got up too late. The girl cried _ what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.because of的近义词组thanks to 因为；由于as a result of 由于的原因by reason of 因为due to 因为，由于owing to 归功于Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。2.e up走近；上来；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。3). It is certain that the question will e up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。5). I am afraid something urgent has e up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。短语归纳e across邂逅 偶遇e about发生 e at向扑来,攻击e from 来自e out 出版;开花；结果是e up with想出e true实现 e down下来；传承练习 用e构成的词组填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.答案: 1). came at 2). es out 3). e over4). e up with5). came across3. at present现在，目前 1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。I am afraid I cant help you just at present -I am too basy.恐怕现在我帮不了你，我太忙了。重点用法at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在be present at 出席；到场(反义： be absent from)【注意】present作为adj.“现在的；当前的讲时，常做前置定语；而做“出席的，到场的讲时，常做后置定语。He doesnt know how to deal with the present problem.他不知道如此呢么应对当前的局势。The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.出席会议的人都是先进工作者。练习 中译英1). 所有那些在场者一眼就看出那个错误。2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.2). This book was a present from my brother.4. make use of 利用；使用典例1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。短语归纳make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用make the best/most of 充分利用use up 用尽，耗尽You are not making the best (use) of your talents.你并没有充分发挥你的才能。练习1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。2).我们要很好地发挥她的才能。答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.2). We will make good use of her talents.5. such as例如；像这种的1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are being rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了关于such as for example that is and so on 见辨析练习 用such as或for example填空1). I like drinks _ tea and soda.2). The report is inplete; it doesnt include sales in France, _.答案: 1) such as2). For example句型 1.Why not go by underground? 为什么不坐地铁去呢？Why not +V原 句式，表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意。=why dont you/we do?2. Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释本句包含一个结构，疑问词+do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose/suggest +陈述句 此结构又称为双重疑问句，用来征询对某一观点的看法，判断，认识，猜想和请求，表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陈述句语序。注意：如果插入语是do you suggest时，句中的谓语动词应用should+动词原形What timedoyouexpect we wille and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？ Whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Whydoyouthinktheir team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或者外语。解释 than ever before 常与比拟级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习 中译英1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). Its raining harder than ever before.【拓展】：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what., whenever, wherever, however 等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is, he wont take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。即境活用1(2007某某)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow thatCeven though Dso that解析：even thougheven if “即使，引导让步状语从句。答案：C4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽一样，也可以互相理解。 句中even if 是连接词组，用来引导一个让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管相当于even thoughWe wouldnt buy the car even if we could afford it.即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不会买这辆车。【注意】此句型主将从现的用法We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆。【辨析】even though/if 和 as if/thougheven though/if 表示“尽管；即使引导让步状语从句as if/though 表示“好似引导方式状语从句或表语从句，其从句一般用虚拟语气，假如所陈述的情况很有可能实现，也可以用陈述语气。Even if he is poor, she loves him .Tom looks as if he were an artist.5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today.首先，大约在公园450年到1150年间，英国人所说的英语与今天所说的英语很不不一样。本句中两个English后面都跟了过去分词spoken做后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is/was spoken,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?The building built there is our lab.【注意】过去分词作定语的时候，单个的分词作定语的时候，一般位于其修饰的名词前；分词短语作定语，一般位于其修饰你的名词之后，被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词与被修饰词之间存在动宾关系。The stolen car was found by the police last week.警察上周找到了那辆失窃的车。Section B重点词汇，短语，句式1. usage n.使用；用法；词语惯用法Its not a word in mon usage.这不是一个常用词。Car usage is predicted to increase. 汽车的使用频率预计会增长。【辨析】use和usage 作为名词，两者都有“使用之意，但是用法略有不同。Usage做“用法讲的时候，侧重某物的使用方法或惯用法，做“使用，利用的时候，侧重于事物的使用频率。use做名词用时，意为“用，使用，得到利用，强调的是某物“被使用的事实或状态。current English usage 当代英语惯用法land usage 土地的利用I am not sure that is the most valuable use of my time. 我不能肯定我的时间这样安排是最有价值的。【例题】I dont know the _ of the world. The church was built in the twelfth century and is still in _ today.usage use 2. mand n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握1). The officer manded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。重点用法 mand sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事be under the mand of 由指挥,由控制in mand of 控制be at ones mand 听任某人支配have / take mand of 指挥特别提醒mand后接that从句时要用虚拟语气 should(not)+动词原形，should可省略The general manded that we (should) attack at once.将军命令我们立即进攻。练习 用适当的介词填空1). For the first time in years, she felt _ mand of her life.2). The army is _ the kings direct mand.3). The police arrived and took mand _ the situation.答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of3. request n.& v. 请求；要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. 2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮助。重点用法at the request of sb = at ones request 按照某人的要求/请求in request 有需求，受欢迎by request 依照请求，应邀request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事(被动形式：sb be requested to do sth)request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事request做动词，如后接从句作宾语，从句要用虚拟语气，谓语局部要用should(not)+动词原形，should可省略She requested that no one (should) be told of her decision until the next meeting.她要求在下次开会之前不要告诉任何人她的决定。【扩展】像request /mand一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)；两个“命令(order，mand)；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)； He requested me _ (write) a letter of remendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of remendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports. 练习 中译英。1). 我是特别应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.【辨析】 ask request beg三者都有“要求的意思，但是用法略有不同。(1)假如要某人做某事ask最通俗，最口语化。(2)request主要用于较正式的讲话和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动语态。(3)beg是以谦恭的姿态要求给予帮助，可以为“祈求I asked her to shut the window.Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car.乘客请勿在车厢内吸烟。He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him.重点句型：It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native English speaker.对于中国人来说，把英语讲的像以英语为母语的人那样是很不容易的。本句中含有一个It+be+形容词/名词+for sb to do sth 句型。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，介词for用来引出不定式的逻辑主语。It is not easy for her to solve the problem by herself.对于她而言，独自解决这个问题不容易。It will be a mistake for you not to do your homework.不做作业对你来说是个错误。【注意】该句式中的形容词假如是kind, good, nice, clever, silly, wrong, right, stupid, rude, impolite, 等表示主观情感和态度的词时，后面的介词我们用of而不用for。It is kind of you to think so much for us.=You are kind to think much of us.你能为我们想这么多真实太好了。If you use “flat instead of “apartment“flat而不是“apartment,美国人会认为你学的英式英语。本句中含有一个“instead of句式，意为“替代，而不是后面接介词短语，名词或者动名词。We just had soup instead of a full meal.我们没有吃全餐，只喝了汤。Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。Section C重点词汇，短语，句式1.expression n.词语；表达；表示；表情He looked at me without expression.他毫无表情地看着我。Do you know that expression?你知道这个表达吗？2. recognizevt. 识别出；承认；公认典例 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognizeby sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 be recognizeas sth 被承认某人/某事物是recognizeto be承认是 recognize +宾语从句 意识到；承认 练习 中译英1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.2). I recognized him as my friends brother.【辨析】recognize和knowrecognize指你原来很熟悉，经过一段时间间隔或者别的原因然后又重新认出来，是短暂性动词。know是延续性动词，指相互十分熟悉，十分了解。I didnt recognize the famous singer because she wore glasses.We have known each other for five years.3. straightadj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。练习 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead.4. blockvt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重点用法a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍练习 中译英1). 他们在绕楼群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland重点词组1.play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与典例 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。翻译：中国在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。_China is playing an important part/role _in the world today.短语归纳take part (in sth)参加, 参与某事物 for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半the best part of sth某事物的绝大局部尤指一段时间 for my part就我来说练习 中译英1). 有多少国家要参加世界杯赛？2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I dont mind where we eat.其他短语2ever before 从前 3even if/though 即使4over time 长期以来5 . in the early days 在早期 6. Believe it or not信不信由你7. a number of N. 许多,大量. 作主语时, 谓语用复数. the number of N. 的数量. 作主语时, 谓语用单数 A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50. 重点句型1. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒绝承受我们的帮助。There is no such street in the city.这城市没有那样的街道。He said he didnt have time or made some such excuse.他说他没有时间或别的诸如此类的借口。即境活用2(2009某某)Im amazed to hear from my school teacher again. _， it is ten years since we met last.AIn a word BWhats moreCThats to say DBelieve it or not解析：句意：想不到又一次收到学校教师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。in a word总之；whats more而且；thats to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你。答案：D2. with的复合结构应用3(1)e on, please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.Afilled BfillingCto fill Dbeing filled解析：with复合结构中，work和fill是主动关系，且表示正在进展，因此其后要用doing结构。答案：B(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _， he gladly accepted it.Afinished BfinishingChaving finished Dwas finished解析：根据work和finish是被动关系，可以判断出答案。答案：A(3)_ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.AWith BBesidesCAs for DBecause of解析：根据句意，此处应采用“with宾语不定式。答案：A(4)It was cold outside, the boy ran into the room _ his nose red.Ato BonCin Dwith解析：这个句子考查with的复合结构的用法，用“with名词形容词做状语表示伴随情况。而to、on、in作为介词如此没有这种用法，故排除A、B、C，答案为D。句意是：外面天气很冷，那个男孩跑进了屋子时，鼻子红红的。答案：D语法讲解引语的概念以课文88页为主，本文重在方法提炼与巩固直接引述别人的原