暑假情态动词复习打印稿

情态动词复习一 概念：本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。二. 特点： 1.不能单独作谓语，和其他动词原形构成谓语。 2. 无人称和数的变化。3. 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。 4. 个别情态动词过去式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气 三基本用法：1. can, could1) 表示能力时，等于be able to 。Can you lift this heavy box?=Are you able to lift this heavy box?（体力）区别：can只有一般现在时和一般过去式（could）；而be able to则有更多的时态(was able to; will be able to; have/has been able to)而表示过去通过努力而做成某事，只能用be able to，不能用can。 He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.2) can表示请求和允许。此时可与may互换， -Can /May I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 3) can表示“有时会”：A kind person can lose temper sometimes. 脾气好的人有时会发脾气。4）can可表推测，只能用于否定句和疑问句5）can 还用于一些固定短语中，如cant help doing 译为_cant but do 译为_canttoo/enough 译为_巩固练习：( )1.Just be patient .You_ expect the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not ( )2. Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout. A.hadto B.would C.could D.wasableto ( )3Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. canB. might C. would D. need( )4. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. . A. can B. may C. must D. should( )5Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must( )6The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt ( )7.-Ive taken someone elses red sweater by mistake. -It _ Harrys. He hates wearing red, because he thinks its too bright. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. cant be( )8. -Look, someone is coming. Guess_.-Jack. Hes always on time. A. who can it be B. who he may C.who he can be D. who it can be( )9. -I saw Mary in the library yesterday.-You_her. She is still abroad. A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D.couldnt see( )10. It is usually warm in my hometown in March but it_be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would( )11. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where_I have put it? A. can B. must C. should D. would二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )2）表示可能性 He may /might be very busy now.3）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。（May + 主语+动词原形） May you succeed!4) might as well表“不妨,何妨，还是的好” Today you might as well go to school, or your teacher will criticize you.(译)：_巩固练习：( )1. I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need( )2. He _ join us in the hiking, but Im not sure. A. may B. can C. must D. shall三、 must, have to，need1) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 dont have to =neednt表示“必须”；否定形式mustnt，表示“禁止”。You must come in time. You mustnt tell anyone about thisits a secret. -Must I be home before eight oclock? -Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. /No, you dont have to. 2) must表推测。只能用于肯定句中（一般不对将来的情况进行推测） He must be ill. He looks pale. （对现在推测）John must be reading in his room. The light is on. （对正在进行的事情推测）They must have earned a lot of money when they were in Guangdong. （对过去推测）反意问句： He must be a worker, _ _?You must have learned English for many years, _ _?It must have rained last night, _ _？3 ) 硬要；偏要If you must drink so much , of course youll feel sick.巩固练习( )1）Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not ( )2）-May I smoke here?-If you_, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must( )3）In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will( )4） What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant( )5）David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_break it. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C.shouldnt; must D. cant;shouldnt ( )6）I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt( )7）Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt ( )8）-What _it be?-It _be a mail box, for it is moving. It_be a car. A. can; cant; must B. can; can; must C. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can( )9) Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She_ her mind. A. must change B. should have changed C. must have changed D. would have changed( )10) Aunt Margaret _the train, otherwise she would have arrived by now.A. must have missed B. should have missed C. had missed D. might miss( )11. _you play the piano now?We are studying. A. Should B. Must C. Can D. Shall四、 shall 1) shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening? Shall my students wait outside?2) shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、规定、允诺或威胁。You shall fail if you dont work hard. (警告) He shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺)He shall be punished. (威胁) Non-workers shall stay outside the room. (规定)巩固练习( )1. Nothing_stopusfromcarryingouttheplan. Amay B. might C.must D.shall( )2.Will you read me a story ,Mummy? -OK. You_ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A. might B. must C. could D. shall( )3. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. might B. could C. shall D. will( )4.-The room is so dirty. _we clean it?-Ok. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Must( )5.I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you ?A. Will B. Shall C. MustD. May五、 will, would1) 用于第二人称疑问句表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。表示“意愿”的will有时可用于条件句中1. I will never do that again. 2. If he will go with us, ask him to wait for us at the station.3）will表现在的习惯、倾向或反复发生的动作，would表过去的习惯、倾向或反复发生的动作。如： He will ask his mother for help when he is in trouble. 现在他有困难时总是向母亲求助。During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.4）will表示现在的功用、能力；would表示过去的功用、能力。The door wont open.(译)_ He said the box wouldnt open. 他说那盒子打不开。 巩固练习1. Everytimeshewasintrouble,she_gotohimforhelp. A. will B. would C. can D. may2. Please dont make a noise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will 3. Ifyou_ readthebook,Illlendittoyou. A. will B. may C. should D. shall 六、 should, ought to1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby.2) should表示推断,意为“应该”、“可能”,语气较肯定，通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理)：2）should表“竟然”Itiswonderfulthatyoushouldhaveachievedsomuchtheseyears.巩固练习1. Its not a long distance. They_behomebynow. A. can B.should C.may D.will2. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. may B. can C. wouldD. should3. I dont care what people think. Well, you _. A. could B. would C. should D. might4. Im surprised that he _come so late.A. must B. can C. may D. should 5.我们应该要尽我们最大的能力去帮助那些需要帮助的人。 （译）：_八情态动词表示推测（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式 1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? （译）他_/_/_知道这个问题的答案。 （2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. （译）屋里很冷，他们_把暖气关了。 2.否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能), may not/might not(可能不,也许不)。 （1）It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America. （译）这_是校长，他去美国了。 （2）He may not/might not know the scientist. （译）他_认识那位科学家。 3.疑问句中用Can/Could (可能吗?)。 （1）Could he have finished the task? （译）他_把任务完成了_？ （2）Can he be at home now? （译）他现在_在家吗？ 注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。 4.should 表示推断, 意为“应该”、“可能”,语气较肯定，通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理)： Its seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测） （二）情态动词表推测的三种时态 1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. （译）他_听收音机。（2）He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. （译）这个时候他_在家。 （3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? （译）布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么_迟到呢？ 3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 （1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. （译）地湿了，昨晚_下雨了。 （2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . （译）门锁着，他_在家。 （3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？ （译）他_找到书了吗？ 经典例句：翻译下列句子：1) -Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper?-Sure. She must be walking around the campus now.2) It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street. 3) She cant be serious about it.4) What can they mean by saying that?5) The room is in such a terrible mess. It cant have been cleaned as the landlady said. 6) He could be very naughty when he was a child.7) In those days, a lot of scientists thought that the sun could go around the earth.8) Its nearly seven oclock, Jack should be here at any moment.突破方法： 1.体会推测的内涵，熟记各情态动词的词义。2.确定所推测动作发生的时间。巩固练习1. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. shouldB. mustC. wouldntD. cant2. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be3. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well . He have gone far his coats still here.A. shouldntB. mustnt C. cantD. wouldnt4. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? Something _ to him.A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happened D. must have happened5. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shantC. shouldntD. neednt6. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You it in the wrong place. (2007江西卷) A. must put B. should have put C .might put D. might have put7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may8.- I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? - Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not9. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt10. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. might B. could C. shall D. will11. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need12. Theres no light on they_ be at home. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt13. We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt九“情态动词+have done”用法情态动词+have done用法例句must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”1 She must have gone through a lot.2 He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。1 You may have learnt the news.2 He may not have heard his name called.3 Sorry Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.canhave donecannot have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）1 Where can she have gone?2 Could he have done such a foolish thing?3 The boy cant have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have done可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1 He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.2 You could have been more considerate.3 You could have done better, but you were too careless.might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2.You shouldnt have done it so carelessly.3.You ought to have returned the book earlier.neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1 You neednt have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didnt need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.练习1. He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. couldB. wouldC. mustD. need2. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should putB. could have putC. might putD. must have put3. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D, mustnt have taken4. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? (2007福建卷)A.can B.must C.should D.would5. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. A.could B.must C.might D.should6. (2008辽宁卷)22. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must7. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed8. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt 高考连接：1. The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties! (05江苏)A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through2. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 3. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. A. will B. would C. should D. must 4. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. A. mustB. shouldC. must have D. should have5. The teacher_have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must6. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. (2007江苏卷) I guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. shouldB. couldC. must D. might7. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cantB. mustnt C. needntD. shouldnt8. My cats really fat. You _ have given her so much food. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt 9. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed.10. The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. can B. must C. need D. might11. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A. will B. can C. must D. should12. I_through that bitter period without your generous help. A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone13. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day. Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shouted C. mustnt shout D. mustnt have shouted14. What do you think we can do for our aged parents? You _ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A. dont have to B. oughtnt to C. mustnt D. cant15. If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not16. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done. A. cant B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt17. Whats the name? Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might18. We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow. A. need B. must C. should D. can19. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it_be very slow.A. shouldB. must C. will D. can20.(2006广东卷)22. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he _. A. need B. must C. may D. will21. (2006山东卷)30. May I smoke here? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must22.The little girl _ out in the dark at night. A. dares not go