考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考前自测提分卷32(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国矿业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat. drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.【答案】听戏剧无疑是昂贵的消费。但除非我们放弃社会赋予的选择权，否则昂贵的东西也并非富人专属。我们可以选择让那些无支付能力的人享有戏剧及其他形式的昂贵文化。但问题是，我们为什么要那样做？谁都不会否认，食物、居住、安全、健康和教育是必不可少的。但即使是在史前的洞穴里，人类伸出手来也并不只是为了吃、喝或打斗，也可能是为了涂涂画画。文化冲动，即通过想象和表征来表达、探索世界的欲望，是人类的基本特点。在欧洲，这种渴望已经在音乐、绘画、文学和戏剧的杰作中得以实现。这些杰作是衡量我们一切努力的标准，也是人类思想和想象力可能达到的高度。它们包含着人与人之间能够传递的最深刻的信息。2.单选题Of all things in the world, I most dislike filling up forms; in fact, I have a（1）horror of it. Applying for a driving license,（2）for an evening course, booking a holiday abroad everything nowadays seems to involve（3）information about ones personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter（4）hand. When applying for a job, it may be（5）some obscure interest to a（6）employer to learn that I collect stamps or had measles as a child, but why（7）he conceivably want to know that my father was a tobacconist who died in 1988?The authorities who（8）one to fill up forms, frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put（9）ones intimate friends. The worst of it is that, when（10）with such questions, my mind goes blank. Have I ever suffered from a serious illness? My mother always（11）me I was “delicate”. Do I suffer from any personal defects? Well, I wear（12）lenses and my upper teeth are not my own, but perhaps the word “defects”（13）to my character. Am I supposed to（14）that I like gambling and find it difficult to get up in the morning?（15）of them are true.Of all, I think job applications are the（16）. “Education-previous experience-post heldgive（17）. Terrified by the awful warning about false（18）which appears at the bottom of the form, I struggle to remember what exams I passed and how long I worked for what firms. （19）hard I try, there always seems to be a year or two for which I cannot satisfactorily account and which I am certain, if left（20）, will give the impression that I was in prison or engaged in some occupation too dubious to mention.问题1选项A.positiveB.negativeC.mildD.slight问题2选项A.attendingB.registeringC.invitingD.working问题3选项A.givenB.to giveC.givingD.having given问题4选项A.byB.inC.atD.to问题5选项A.byB.withC.aboutD.of问题6选项A.prospectiveB.comingC.existingD.on-going问题7选项A.needB.mayC.shouldD.did问题8选项A.bidB.inviteC.requestD.require问题9选项A.toB.forC.up withD.with问题10选项A.to confrontB.confrontedC.confrontingD.being confronted问题11选项A.ensuredB.insuredC.assuredD.reassured问题12选项A.contactB.sightlessC.contactingD.nearsighted问题13选项A.agreesB.connectsC.relatesD.applies问题14选项A.declineB.denyC.admitD.reject问题15选项A.NeitherB.BothC.NoneD.Either问题16选项A.bestB.easiestC.poorestD.worst问题17选项A.daysB.datesC.offersD.suggestions问题18选项A.declarationsB.witnessC.publicationsD.announcements问题19选项A.ButB.ThereforeC.ThoughD.However问题20选项A.vacantB.emptyC.blankD.unwritten【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D第6题:A第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:D第20题:C【解析】（1）考查形容词词义辨析。positive “积极的；真实的”；negative “消极的”；mild “温和的”；slight “轻微的”。空格处前面内容提到“世界上所有事物中，我最不喜欢的就是填表”，并且提到了原因，对填表有恐惧（horror），四个选项中，选项A positive有“真实的”意思，“真实的恐惧”符合前后文情境，因此符合题意。（2）考查动词词义辨析。attend “参加”；register “注册”；invite “邀请”；work “工作”。根据空格处后面的关键词 evening course “晚间课程”可以知道是“注册课程”，因此选项B符合题意。（3）考查固定搭配。involve doing sth. “涉及做某事”，因此可以排除选项A与B；由前面的“applying”,”booking”等可知此处不需要用完成时，所以选项C符合题意。（4）考查词组辨析。空格处所在句子的大意是：现在几乎每处都需要提供关于个人生活和习惯的信息，而这些信息跟手头上的事情没有什么关系。in hand “手头上的”，所以选项B符合题意。（5）考查固定搭配。be of interest to “对是有意义的，对有趣的”。选项D符合题意。（6）考查同义词词义辨析。prospective “未来的，预期的”；coming “即将发生的”；existing “目前的,现存的”；on-going “正在进行的,继续的”。从when applying for a job可知是在“申请工作”，那么面对的是“将来的雇主”，选项A符合题意。（7）考查should的用法。should常用在以why, how开头的疑问句中，因此选项C符合题意。（8）考查动词词义辨析。bid “投标，出价”；invite “邀请，招待”；request “要求，请求”；require “要求，命令”。request是有礼貌的要求，而require有种强迫的意味，从后文的demand处可以看出require符合题意。（9）考查固定搭配。put sth. to sb. “把（观点、建议）等告诉某人”，选项A符合题意。（10）考查分词短语的用法。分词短语可以相当于一个时间状语，表示在做某事的过程中，发生某事或做某事。“面对问题”在文中是被动含义，表示作者是被迫来面对这样一些不愿意回答的问题，因此，应该用when+过去分词，选项B符合题意，如果是主动含义，则用现在分词。（11）考查动词词义辨析。ensure “确保”，ensure sth,/ that；insure “投保”；assure “保证；担保”，assure sb. of sth.或者assure sb. （that）；reassure “使安心”。根据后文I was “delicate”可知，此处省略了that，选项C符合题意。（12）考查固定搭配。contact lenses “隐形眼镜”，选项A符合题意。（13）考查动词词义辨析。agree “同意”；connect “联系”；relate “相关”；apply “申请；使用”,apply to “适用于”。空格处所在句子的大意是：我戴着隐形眼镜，补着牙齿，但是也许“缺陷”这个词适用于我的性格。因此选项D符合题意。（14）考查动词词义辨析。decline “下降；婉拒”；deny “否认”；admit “承认”；reject “拒绝”。空格处所在句子的大意是：我是不是会被猜测应该承认自己爱赌博，早上起不来呢？选项C符合题意。（15）考查主谓一致。根据be动词are可以判断空格处应该填B，其他选项后面应该使用单数形式。（16）考查逻辑关系。根据后面的“terrified”这个单词，可以推断出在作者眼里，找工作是件糟糕的事情，选项D符合题意。（17）考查名词词义辨析。day “一天”；date “日期”；offer “提议；出价；录取通知书”。该句讲述作者在填写表格里“教育”这一栏，需要提供具体日期，选项B符合题意。（18）考查名词词义辨析。declaration“宣布，公告，声明”;witness“证人，目击者”；publication“出版物，发表”：announcement “公告，宣告”。空格处所在句子的大意是：被表格底部那些如果填写错误声明吓到了的我，拼命去回想我之前通过了哪些考试，在哪些公司上过班。选项A符合题意。（19）考查逻辑连词。前面提到拼命回想以前的经历，空格处后提到还是有一年或者两年的经历不太确定，两者是转折关系，因此选项D符合题意。（20）考查固定搭配。leave blank“留空格”，选项C符合题意。3.单选题Success as（ ）by economic output bears no close relationship to human achievement.问题1选项A.decidedB.achievedC.assuredD.measured【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：靠经济输出来获得的成功与人类成就没有紧密的联系。achieve success “获得成功”，选项B符合题意。4.单选题Is that lovely girl over there（ ）Susan Blake who used to be so fat?问题1选项A.anB.aC.theD.one【答案】C【解析】语法-冠词和代词的使用。句意：在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊布莱克？由句中 “who used to be so fat 过去一直如此胖”可知Susan Blake为特定的某人，所以用表示特指的定冠词the，C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one般用来表示非特别指代的一个。5.单选题Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, there searchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a subsequent study there searchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.1.According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to（ ）.2.What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?3.Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more（ ）.4.The etic approach is concerned with（ ）.5.Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according to the passage?问题1选项A.be overcautious in constructing meaningfi.il measuresB.view them from their own cultural perspectiveC.guard against interference from their own cultureD.accept readily what is alien to their own culture问题2选项A.They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.B.The former is biased while the latter is objective.C.The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.D.They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.问题3选项A.culturally interactiveB.culture-orientedC.culturally biasedD.culture-specific问题4选项A.the general characteristics of minority familiesB.culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groupsC.features shared by various cultures or ethnic groupsD.the economic conditions of different types of families问题5选项A.Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.B.Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.C.They dont interact with each other so much as White families.D.They have closer family ties than White families.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。由题干关键信息定位到文章一段第一句“Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture.不熟悉他们所研究的文化和种族的研究人员必须采取额外的预防措施，以摆脱他们从自己的文化带来的任何偏见。”可知研究人员很容易带着文化偏见（从自己的文化角度）去研究其他文化。B选项“从他们自己的文化角度来看待（其他文化）”符合题意。2.判断推理题。the emic approach and the etic approach“主位法和非位法”出现在第二段中，“In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. 在主位方法中，研究者的目标是描述一个文化或种族群体的行为，这个行为明确对那个文化或种族群体的人来说是有意义的或智慧的，而不考虑其他文化或种族群体。在非遗传方法中，研究者的目标是描述行为，以便对不同文化群里中的行为进行归纳。”也就是说，这两种方法的区别在于侧重点不同，因此，A选项“他们对民族问题的研究重点不同”正确。3.事实细节题。由上题分析可知，the emic approach专注于对特定文化群体的行为进行描述，因此D选项“文化特异性”正确。A选项“文化互动性”；B选项“文化导向性”；C选项“文化偏见性”。4.事实细节题。由27题分析可知，the etic approach专注于比对不同文化群体的行为特征，因此C选项“不同文化或民族的共同特征”符合题意。5.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“In studying in ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. 通过对少数民族家庭的研究，研究人员可能会发现，与美国白人家庭相比，少数民族家庭的大家庭更是一个支持系统。”因此，比起白人家庭，少数民族家庭成员间的联系应更为紧密。因此D选项“他们的家庭关系比白人家庭更紧密”符合题意。6.单选题The market for manufactured goods is what economists call “imperfect”, because each company has its own style, its own reputation, and its own locations; and all of the arts of advertisement and salesman-ship are devoted to making it even more imperfect by attracting buyers to particular brand names. Even small businesses that depend upon outside Channels of retail distribution may have the final say in what prices they will charge, and great corporations can differentiate their goods in order to create demand of them.In this type of market, supply normally is very clastic that is responsive to demand in the short run. Stocks or inventories are held at some point in the chain of distribution; while stocks are running down or building up, there is time to change the level of production, and once a price has been set, it is rarely altered in response to moderate changes in demand. Even in a deep slump, defensive rings may be formed to prevent price cutting.In the long run, as well as in the short, supply is responsive to demand in the market for manufactures. It is easier to change the composition of a firms output than it is to change the production. And when changes in demand are not too rapid, gross profits from one plant can be siphoned off and invested in something different. When business is good, moreover, there is continual new investment so that productive capacity is adapted to meeting changing requirements. Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities to which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labour is very little affected by the fortunes of a particular market.1.The “imperfection” of the market for manufactured goods is reflected in all of the following aspects, expect （ ）.2.In the market for manufactured goods,（ ）is usually not responsive to moderate changes in demand.3.According to this passage,（ ）is not responsive to demand in the market for manufactures.4.The proper title for this passage should be（ ）.问题1选项A.the distinctive style of each companyB.the attempts of advertisement to attract buyers to particular brand namesC.the tendency for the prices of the same goods to equalize quicklyD.the freedom of small businesses to decide the prices they will charge问题2选项A.the price of a product if it has been setB.supplyC.stocks or inventoriesD.the level of production问题3选项A.in the short run, supplyB.in the long run, supplyC.the level of wages for factory labourD.the productive capacity of a business问题4选项A.Markets for ManufacturesB.“Imperfect” MarketsC.Supply and DemandD.Great Corporation and Small Businesses【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“制成品市场的不完美体现在下列部分，除了”。文章第一段第一句提到“经济学家称制成品市场不完美，因为每家公司有各自的风格、名誉及地理位置等”（The market for manufactured goods is what economists call “imperfect”, because each company has its own style, its own reputation, and its own locations），因此选项A“每家公司有独特的风格”排除；第一段提到“所有的广告艺术和销售技巧都致力于通过吸引顾客特定的品牌，使其更加不完美”（ and all of the arts of advertisement and salesman-ship are devoted to making it even more imperfect by attracting buyers to particular brand names），所以选项B“广告试图去将消费者吸引到特定的产品名称上”在文中提到了，排除；第一段第二句话提到“即使是依赖于外部零售渠道的小企业，也可能对自己的定价拥有最终决定权”（Even small businesses that depend upon outside Channels of retail distribution may have the final say in what prices they will charge），选项D“小公司有决定自己价格的自由”在文中提及，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在制成品市场，下列哪项不需要经常随市场需求而变化”。文章第二段第二句的后半段提到“一旦价格确定了，它很少会随市场需求而变化”（and once a price has been set, it is rarely altered in response to moderate changes in demand），选项A“确定了的价格”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可得知，下列哪项不会反应市场对制成品的需求”。文章最后一段最后半句提到“任何级别的工厂劳动力的工资水平受特定市场的影响很小”（and the level of wages for any grade of factory labour is very little affected by the fortunes of a particular market），因此选项C“劳动力的工资水平”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“这篇文章的最佳标题是”。文章第一段提出话题“不完美”的市场，随后段落都是围绕这个话题展开叙述，因此，最佳标题是选项B。7.单选题The general public didnt care about the trial and so was（ ）about the verdict.问题1选项A.enragedB.apatheticC.suspiciousD.saddened【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。enraged “激怒，暴怒”；apathetic “冷淡的，无兴趣的”； suspicious “可疑的，猜疑的”；sadden “悲哀的，可悲的”；根据句意公众不关心审判，也对判决结果（ ）。确定B选项正确。8.单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never（ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项symmetrical“匀称的；对称的”；B选项comparative“比较的；相当的”；C选项compatible“兼容的；能共处的；可并立的”；D选项harmonious“和谐的；协调的；悦耳的”。句意：不要再相信演讲者了，因为他在演讲中所做的评论与事实不。compatible with表示“与一致”，符合本句语境，因此C选项正确。9.翻译题爱因斯坦出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一名工程 师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想实验”：玩具中的针为什么总指向北？爱因斯坦后来成 为一位伟大的物理学家。他的思想早己超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。【答案】Einstein was born in a middle-class Jewish family in southern Germany. He was strongly impacted by his mother who was fond of music. She encouraged his passion for the violin and classical music. His father, an engineer, had little effect on Einstein. But it was he who gave his five-year-old son the famous toy compass that inspired young Einsteins first “thought experiment”what made the needle always point north? Later, Einstein became a great physicist. His ideas have gone beyond science, influencing modern culture from painting to poetry.10.单选题The high school my daughter studies in is（ ）our university.问题1选项A.linked byB.relevant toC.mingled withD.affiliated with【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项link by“由连接”；B选项relevant to“有关的，相应的；与有关的”；C选项mingle with“和混合”；D选项affiliate with“交往；附属于”。句意：我女儿就读的高中我们的大学。高中与大学的关系应该是“附属关系”，D选项正确。