2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题53（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题A beam of light will not bend round comers unless （ ） to do so with the help of a reflecting device.问题1选项A.madeB.being madeC.having madeD.to be made【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知unless引导条件状语从句，主语为a beam of light和make之间存在被动关系，选项C可排除。又因为题目中描述的情况为客观事实，所以选用一般现在时态，选项B和D可排除。选用非谓语动词made表被动即可。句意：一束光只有在反射仪器的帮助下才能弯成圆角。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave （ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。be about to dowhen表示正准备做某事，某事就发生了。句意：我感到有点失望，正要离开时，发生了一件事引起了我的注意。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The dominant model of American legal education remains one in which students are taught how to argue aggressively, with no quarter given or taken, and how to fight an opposing viewpoint with （ ）technical skill.问题1选项A.programmedB.un-programmedC.uncompromisingD.promising【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。programmed “程序化的”；un-programmed “非程序化的”；uncompromising “不妥协的，坚定的”；promising “有希望的，有前途的”。句意：美国法律教育的主导模式仍然是这样一种模式:学生们被教导如何进行激烈的辩论，不退缩也不接受对方的怜悯，以及如何以毫不妥协的技巧与对立的观点进行斗争。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Employees are （ ）to join the companys pension plan after a years service.问题1选项A.compelledB.acquiredC.respondedD.rejected【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。compel “强迫，迫使”；acquire “获得”；respond “回应”；reject “拒绝”。句意：雇员被强制要求在工作一年后，必须参加公司的养老金计划。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Englands team, who are now superbly fit will be doing their best next week to （ ）themselves for last years defeat.问题1选项A.reviveB.retortC.revengeD.remedy【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revive “复兴，苏醒”；retort “反驳，回嘴”；revenge “复仇”；remedy “补救，治疗”。句意：英格兰队现在状态非常好，下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利复仇。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest cites argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains dont continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to （降入）segregated，substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.36. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?37. What does the author think of the new immigrants?38. What does Edward Telles research say about Mexican-Americans?39. What should be done to help the new immigrants?40. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is （ ）.问题1选项A.They were of inferior races.B.They were a Source of political corruption.C.They were a threat to the nations security.D.They were part of the nations bloodstream.问题2选项A.They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B.They can do just as well as their predecessors.C.They will be very disappointed on the new land.D.They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.问题3选项A.They may slow improve from generation to generation.B.They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C.They will melt into the African-American community.D.They may forever remain poor and underachieving.问题4选项A.Rid them of their inferiority complex.B.Urge them to adopt American customs.C.Prevent them from being marginalized.D.Teach them standard American English.问题5选项A.how to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB.how to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC.how to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the corderD.how to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:36.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting Americas bloodstream.”，可知他们不会回到国会公开担心劣等种族污染美国血统的时代。可判断出美国国会早期是将移民看待为一种劣等种族。选项A符合题意。37.作者态度题。根据文章第三段，“In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.”，可知随着时间的推移，意大利人、罗马尼亚人和其他所谓劣等种族的成员成为了美国人的楷模，他们为建设这个伟大的国家做出了巨大的贡献。这些新移民也能够取得同样的成功。可判断出作者认为新的移民者可以做得和他们的前辈一样好。选项B符合题意。38.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and underachievement.”，可知Tells担心墨西哥裔美国人可能注定要步美国黑人的后尘，大部分人可能会陷入贫穷和不好的境地。可判断出Tells认为他们可能永远贫穷，没有成就。选项D符合题意。39.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, dont forever remain marginalized within these shores.”，可知我们还应该问一些更广泛的问题，关于同化，关于如何确保人们作为外来者不会永远被边缘化。可判断出我们要帮助新的移民者就是要防止他们被边缘化。选项C符合题意。40.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段， “That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations.”，可知这是一个比非法移民问题更大的问题，也比如何最好地保卫国土问题更大。这个问题不仅影响新移民，也影响已经在这里生活了的几代人。结合文章内容，可知这个问题就是如何帮助移民更好地融入美国社会。选项B符合题意。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:7. 单选题However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing, and developmental mathematics.Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The many interviews carried on during the year as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home.To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics and at the same time, enjoying the work.Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestions for penalties and rewards at home.What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that are child spends out of the classroom.In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities.1.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that （ ）.2.The author directly discusses the fact that （ ）.3.A method of parent-teacher communication Not mentioned or referred to by the author is （ ）.4.It is most reasonable to infer that the author is a(n) （ ）.5.The author would most approve of which of the following parental activities to assist in the learning of composition and writing skills?问题1选项A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents.B.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school.C.parents unwittingly have hindered and thwarted curricular objectives.D.parents have a responsibility to help students to do their homework.问题2选项A.parents drill their children too much in arithmetic.B.there is not sufficient individual instruction in the classroom.C.principals have explained the new art programs to parents.D.a parents misguided efforts can be redirected to proper channels.问题3选项A.demonstration lessonB.informal teasC.classes for parentsD.new progress report forms问题4选项A.professor of educationB.college teacherC.elementary-school teacherD.parent问题5选项A.one hour of supervised writing exercises nightly.B.encouraging the child to write letters to relatives.C.reviewing all the childs written school-work.D.giving the child money for good grades on written work.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章第一段， “However important we may regard school life to be, there is no gainsaying the fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and thwart curricular objectives.”，可知不管我们认为学校生活有多重要，孩子们呆在家里的时间比呆在教室里的时间多这一事实是不容否认的。因此，父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视。们可以成为学校工作人员的盟友，也可以有意无意地阻碍课程目标。可判断出老师和家长之间是合作的关系，并且能够共同对学校的教育安排构成影响，所以教师可以也应该帮助家长理解和推进学校的目标。选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章倒数第二段，“as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that are child spends out of the classroom.”，可知教师作为一名专业顾问，在父母的头脑中植入更多的方法，以便最好地利用孩子在课堂之外的时间。上文也通过多个例子说明了老师可以引导家长更好的发挥他们的辅导作用，合力促进学生的全面发展。可推断出父母错误的努力可以在老师的指导下，转向正确的方向。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据第二段， “Many principals have conducted workshops”，选项C可排除；根据文章第三段，“new ways of reporting pupils progress”，选项D可排除；根据文章第二段， “Administrators have been aware of the need to keep parents apprised of the newer methods used in schools.”，选项B可排除。选项A符合题意。4.推断题。文章主要提到了学校可以辅导家长，使家长了解学校的教学方法和教学计划，然后促进学校教学目标的实现。家长也是教育不可忽视的一环，只有学校和家长共同努力才能促进青少年的全面发展。可知文章主要提到的是教育学的内容，可推断出作者最有可能是一位教育学教授。选项A符合题意。5.推断题。根据文章第四段， “He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip, and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis.”，可知如果一名家长想提高孩子的算术能力，他可能会被说服让孩子参与讨论家庭预算、购买食物、在家里使用码尺或量杯、设置时钟、计算旅行里程，以及从事许多其他有数学基础的活动。可判断出作者赞同通过将知识运用到生活中来提高某种能力。所以要想提高孩子的写作技能，鼓励孩子给亲戚写信是作者最赞成的方式。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, （ ）in the San Francisco area.问题1选项A.remarkablyB.severelyC.drasticallyD.predominantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。remarkably “显著地，惊人地”；severely “严重地，严格地”；drastically “彻底地，激烈地”；predominantly “主要地，显著地”。句意：在美国，三分之一的中国人居住在加利福尼亚，大多数主要居住在旧金山地区。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Now those “effortless” good looks seem a little more risky. Allegedly, the silicone implants can leak and interfere with the bodys immune system. There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns. The Food and Drug Administration announced an inquiry last year, but initially said it would not ask for the operations to stop it, reportedly because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant was awarded $7.34m from the biggest maker of implants, Dow Coming.The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974, some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons: the rest had “re-constructive” medical surgery following cancer treatment. The waiting list for implants by one Californian doctor used to be six months; it is now less than one month, Shares in implant makers have slumped.Such second thoughts are overdue. For all its glittering advocates, cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectly healthy patient is cut up. (This, of course, omits re-constructive operations to repair bums or replace missing breasts.) Eight out of ten cosmetic operations are performed outside proper hospitalsome in operation rooms that look more like offices. Warnings of side-effect rarely appear in advertisements; nor do the records of the eager surgeons. Since it is “elective” surgery, not covered by insurance, few of the normal rules apply.Inside the industry, rumors of malpractice are rife. One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers who “he wouldnt let touch my dogs body.”1.According to the paragraph, cosmetic surgeons think that （ ）.2.It is reported that the Food and Drug Administration inquired into the effects of silicone implant, because （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?4.The difference between the cosmetic surgery and other surgery is that （ ）.5.The last sentence of the passage, “peers” refers to （ ）.问题1选项A.the silicone implant complaints were started particularly before 1985B.the silicone implant are dangerousC.the silicone implant are linked with bodys immune systemD.the silicone implant complaints are due to those profit-happy lawyers问题2选项A.there was a case in December about a woman who suffered from the implantB.there had been a lot of cases in court about silicone implantC.Dow Coming has produced some poor-quality silicone implantD.it did not want to ask for the operations to stop it问题3选项A.American women had once been in panic because of the removal of a contraceptive device from the market.B.Daikon Sheild is a brand name.C.About 1.6 million women have had implants because they wanted to be more beautifulD.A Californian doctor began to earn less money.问题4选项A.the former is to operate on the healthy body, while the latter is to operate on the sick bodyB.the former is to do harm to a person, while the latter is to cure a personC.the former is with glittering advocates, while the latter is to repair bumsD.the former is to be performed outside proper hospitals, while the latter is to be performed inside proper hospitals问题5选项A.industry ownersB.plastic surgeonsC.humoristsD.officers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns.”，可知已经有超过2000起投诉，特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段，“because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant.”，可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例，下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974”，可知自从1974年一种名为Daikon Sheild的避孕设备被撤市以来，这一消息在美国女性中引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌，这一表达复符合文意，选项A可排除。也可判断出Daikon Sheild是一个品牌名称，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons”，可知大约有200万女性做手术，因为她们想变得更美丽，选项C可排除。根据排除法，选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectly healthy patient is cut up.”，可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术，这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句，“One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers”，可知一位资深整形外科医生说，他有一份同伴名单，可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生，peer意思为同伴，同等的人。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations （ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneouslyB.spontaneouslyC.simultaneouslyD.ingeniously【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。homogeneously “同样地”； spontaneously “自发地，自然地”； ingeniously “贤明地，有才能地”。句意：光纤电缆可以同时传输数百个电话通话。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题We cannot always （ ） the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.问题1选项A.hang onB.hold onC.count onD.come on【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。hang on “坚持下去，不挂断”；hold on “坚持，继续”；count on “指望，依靠”；come on “开始”。句意：我们不能总是依靠风，所以新的风车应该设计得也能由水驱动。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Excellent films are those which （ ）_ national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。transcend “胜过，超越”； traverse “穿过，来回移动，反驳”；abolish “废除，废止”；suppress “抑制，镇压”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合题意。13. 翻译题As a global institute, Mobile Studies-connects policy-makers, practitioners and professors of mobile media and communication across cultures and countries. Leveraging its combined academic and industrial expertise, Mobile Studies offers its unique services to the mobile world. Interdisciplinary and comparative in approach, Mobile Studies, shares academic research with the mobile industry, industry insights with-the academic community, and timely enlightenment with the mobile public.Solution-oriented and industry-based, our studies focus on identifying issues and locating solutions besides theoretical constructions and policy recommendations. Interdisciplinary and comparative, the results of our studies are shared through Mobile Campus, co-organized Mobile Workshops and other channels to offer customized courses and services from different perspectives.Believe it or not, most people dont breathe correctly and this can contribute to a feeling of lethargy. But by using