考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考前自测提分卷89(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题Translate the following into English.当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落，或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时，将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。从一件积极的小事情开始，并且一整天就一直重复想着，你将进入一个更加积极的状态，这样练下去，很快你会发现你将改变你的观点，选择快乐的生活，而不在意周围那些琐事。【答案】When we are stressed, depressed, upset, or otherwise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. If you start with one small, positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation. With practice, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, irregardless of the events around you.2.单选题Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when_in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door.问题1选项A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glide“滑行，滑翔”；B选项cruise“（船，飞机）航行，游行”；C选项pilot“驾驶，领航”；D选项patrol“巡逻，巡查”。根据in the middle of the Pacific可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：卫星通信高度发达，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和办公室及时联系，就好像他们在隔壁一样。3.单选题Initially the Lincoln administration refused black volunteers; they feared that the appearance of black Yankees on the battlefield might suggest that the war_other purposes in addition to the restoration of the Union.问题1选项A.haveB.hadC.had hadD.would have【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时。此句中的suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，因此从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。根据feared可知空格为一般过去时，时态保持一致，因此选B。句意：起初，林肯政府拒绝黑人志愿者；他们担心黑人出现在战场上，可能表明这场战争除了恢复联邦之外，还有其他目的。4.单选题The _of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.textureC.contentD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项essence“本质，实质”；B选项texture“质地，手感”；C选项content“内容”；D选项threshold“门槛，入口，开始”。根据the scientific attitude可知A选项符合语义。句意：科学态度的本质是人类的思维能够成功地理解宇宙。5.单选题British scientists find that the nesting habits of 20 species of birds with the warming trend of the earths atmosphere.问题1选项A.conflictB.coincideC.adaptD.approve【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项conflict v.冲突，矛盾，斗争；B选项coincide v.致，符合，同时发生；C选项adapt v.适应于；D选项approve v.批准，赞成，满意。根据句意可知，英国科学家发现二十种鸟类的筑巢习惯与地球大气的温度上升趋势一致。因此，B项符合题意。6.单选题Only sovereign states are able to make treaties.问题1选项A.constitutionalB.powerfulC.legitimateD.independent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项constitutional adj.宪法的，本质的；B选项powerful adj.强大的，有力的；C选项 legitimate adj.合法的，正当的；D选项independent adj.独立的，单独的，无党派的。根据题意可知，只有主权独立的国家才能制定条约，因此本题选择D项。7.单选题Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept.We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The special childrens hospitals in major cities do best general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off.From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacherand that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents of their own school. If there was a teacher, they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work, without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when patents offered to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”.Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.1. The author points out at the beginning that_.2. It can be inferred from the latest survey that_.3. Children in hospital usually turn to_in order to catch up with their school work.4. We can conclude from the passage that the author is_.问题1选项A.every child in hospital receives some teachingB.not enough is known about hospital teachingC.hospital teaching is of poor qualityD.the special childrens hospitals are worst off问题2选项A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB.each hospital has at least one part time teacherC.all hospital surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers问题3选项A.hospital teachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.school teachers问题4选项A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD.satisfied with the results of the latest survey【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education（没有人知道有多少孩子能在英国的医院接受教育，更不用说教育的内容和质量了）可知B选项“对医院教学知之甚少”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It is found that half the hospitals in England, which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher.（据发现，英国有一半的医院没有教师。另外四分之一的医院只有兼职教师）可推测只有四分之一的医院有全职教师，因此选D。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work.（孩子们往往依靠相关的学校朋友来赶上学校的功课）可知选B。4.观点态度题。本文主要介绍了医院中的存在的教学问题，比如教师的严重缺少。根据调查结果及文章最后一段中的But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.（但学校在缓解许多受访儿童对落后的焦虑方面收效甚微）可知作者对当前的医院教学现状是不满意的，因此选C。8.单选题The customs inspector was _for smugglers.问题1选项A.on the guardB.on the watchC.on watchD.on alert【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项搭配不正确，应为on guard“站岗，警惕，提防”；B选项on the watch“留神，守候，注意”；C选项on watch“值班，放哨，监视”；D选项on alert“提防着，警惕着”。根据The customs inspector（海关稽查员）与smugglers（走私者）可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：海关稽查员在密切关注着走私者。9.单选题A budget of five dollars a day is totally_for a trip round Europe.问题1选项A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。10.单选题Provided that my expense_，I will go with you for the investigation next week.问题1选项A.are paid forB.will be paidC.can be paidD.be paid for【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时态。provided that表示“假如，设若”，在连接句子时相当于if，由主句中的will可知从句为一般现在时（主将从现）。expense表示“费用（总称）”时为不可数名词，pay在此句中作及物动词，在主动句中pay的宾语为my expense，此处表示被动，因此选C。句意：如果我的费用可以被支付，我下周就和你一起去调查。