考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考前自测提分卷34(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西南林业大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题China Dream is the guiding ideology put forward by President Xi Jinping. He believes that it is the greatest dream of the Chinese nation in modern times, and states that the dream can definitely be realizeD.The core objective of China Dream is to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. To be more specific, that is to realize national prosperity and rejuvenation, as well as the well-being of people. And its fundamental requirement is to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Only when the country is developed comprehensively and scientifically, can individuals realize their dreams. Similarly, only when everyone is full of passion, can China Dream be beautiful.【答案】中国梦，是习近平主席提出的指导思想。他认为，这是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想，这个梦想一定能够实现。中国梦的核心目标是实现中华民族伟大复兴。具体来说，就是要实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。其根本要求是全面建设小康社会。只有国家全面科学发展，个人才能实现自己的梦想。同样，只有每个人都充满激情，中国梦才会美丽。2.单选题He quickly movedaside behind the trees to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.问题1选项A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”，强调快速闪躲，后面一般接宾语；B选项evaded“逃避；规避；逃脱”；C选项escaped“逃离，逃脱；避开；泄出”；D选项 dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避时，目的是免受伤害，可作及物动词，也可以加副词或介词。句意：他迅速躲到树后，以免被朝他这个方向扔来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词 behind（到后面），得知D选项正确。3.单选题Cambridge University was easily _, and he returned there to begin his major research activities.问题1选项A.accessibleB.attributableC.attainableD.attachable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 accessible “易接近的；可进入的；可理解的”；B选项 attributable “可归于的；可归属的”；C选项 attainable “可得到的；可达到的；可到达的”；D选项 attachable “可附上的；可连接的；可逮捕的；可没收的”。句意：剑桥大学很容易进入，他回到那里开始了他的主要研究活动。根据句意可知A选项正确。4.单选题When I am on vacation, I like to explore new cities by walking randomly through the downtown streets.问题1选项A.lazilyB.reflectivelyC.aimlesslyD.deliberately【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 lazily “懒洋洋地；怠惰地，懒散地”；B选项 reflectively “反映地；反照地”；C选项 aimlessly “漫无目的地，无目标地”；D选项 deliberately “故意地；缓慢而谨慎地”。句意：度假时，我喜欢在市中心的街道上随意走动，探索新的城市。结合此处关键词 randomly “随便地，任意地；无目的地，胡乱地；未加计划地”，得知C为正确答案。5.单选题Sometimes it can be shown that the tissue not only looks homogeneous, but actually is so, because, if the tissue is cut in half, each half will regulate to give rise to the same pattern as would otherwise have been produced by the whole.问题1选项A.createB.occurC.emergeD.deteriorate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 create “创造，创作；造成”；B选项 occur “发生；出现；存在”；C选项 emerge “浮现；摆脱；暴露”；D选项 deteriorate “恶化，变坏”。句意：可以证明，组织不仅看起来是均匀的，而且实际上是均匀的，因为如果组织被切成两半，每一半将调节以产生与整体相同的图案。结合此处关键词 give rise to “造成；引起；导致”，得知A为正确答案。6.单选题There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censusall of which led to modern descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of datA.These data may be quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade levelvariables that are characterized by an underlying continuumor the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large mass of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible form the properties of otherwise unwieldy mass or data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human minD.This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.1. With what is the passage mainly concerned?2. The word “divergent “in line 1 in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.3. Why does the author mention the “mother” and “father” in the first paragraph?4. Which of the following is NOT given an example of qualitative variable?5. According to the passage, what is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?问题1选项A.The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statisticsB.Application of inferential statisticsC.The development and use of statisticsD.How to use the descriptive statistics问题2选项A.differentB.distributedC.recordedD.prominent问题3选项A.To point out that parents can teach their children statisticsB.To introduce inferential statisticsC.To explain that there are different kinds of variablesD.To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way问题4选项A.GenderB.HeightC.College majorD.Type of personalities问题5选项A.To compare different groupsB.To predict characteristics of the entire populationC.To detect differences not observable in the whole populationD.To compile more accurate data【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段第一句 “There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。A选项“描述统计和推理统计的缺点”不符合题意。B选项“推理统计学的应用”，推理统计学只是统计学的一类，不符合题意。选项D “使用描述性统计学”跟选项B类似，描述性统计学也只是统计学的一类。因此C选项“统计学的发展和使用”正确。2.形容词词义辨析题。由题干关键字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段， 第一句“There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.”中文翻译为：统计方法的早期发展受到两种截然不同的影响。可知A选项“different”（不同的）正确。B选项“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C选项 “recorded”（记录的）排除。D选项“prominent”（著名的）排除。3.作者意图题。由题干关键字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance.”，中文翻译为：统计学有一个“母亲”，她致力于井井有条地记录政府机构的文件（国家和统计学这两个词源于同一个拉丁语词根，status），还有一个有绅士般的赌博“父亲”，他依靠数学来提高技巧，以便在几率的游戏中获胜。由中文大意得知，选项D “To present the background of statistics in a humorous and understandable way. ”以幽默易懂的方式介绍统计学的背景符合题意。4.推理判断题。由题干关键字“qualitative variables”可以定位到原文第二段中 “the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type.” 中文翻译为： 数据可能代表定性变量，如性别、大学专业或性格类型。 可以得知B选项“height”没有提及，所以B选项正确。选项A “Gender”（性别），选项C “College major”（大学专业），选项D “Type of personalities”（性格类型）。5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.”，中文翻译为：推理统计学的目的就是通过了解一个群体中一部分样本的特征来预测或估计该群体的特征。则B选项“预测整个人口的特征”正确。7.单选题At home their losses to farming and industry had to be made good, as far as possible, with more foreign workers and prisoners-of-war.问题1选项A.compensatedB.constructed wellC.managed properlyD.terminated【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 compensate “补偿”；B选项 construct well “构造得很好”；C选项 manage properly “妥善处理”；D选项 terminate “使终止；使结束；解雇”。句意：在国内，他们在农业和工业上的损失必须尽可能用更多的外国工人和战俘来弥补。结合此处关键词 made good “补偿”，得知A为正确答案。8.单选题The examination question totally perplexed her.问题1选项A.fascinatedB.confusedC.enlightenedD.saddened【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项fascinated“着迷的；被深深吸引的”；B选项confused“困惑的；混乱的；糊涂的”；C选项 enlightened“开明的；文明的；有知识的；觉悟的”；D选项 saddened“难过的；悲伤的”。句意：考题把她完全难住了。结合此处关键词 question（问题），得知B选项正确。9.单选题It was already known that at least some genetic abnormalities are caused by the absence of specific proteins.问题1选项A.irregularitiesB.similaritiesC.activitiesD.qualities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 irregularity “不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项 similarity “类似；相似点”；C选项 activity “活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项 quality “质量，统计 品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词 abnormalities “异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。10.单选题Since the 1950s, conservation efforts including stricter hunting rules and measures like trapping the birds and then releasing them into healthy forests helped restore wild turkey populations.问题1选项A.protectionB.conspiracyC.compensationD.destruction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项protection“保护；防卫；护照”；B选项 conspiracy “阴谋；共谋”；C选项compensation “补偿；报酬；赔偿金”；D选项 destruction “破坏，毁灭；摧毁”。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，保护措施包括更严格的狩猎规则和诱捕火鸡然后将它们放归健康的森林等措施帮助了野生火鸡数量的恢复。结合此处关键短语 helped restore wild turkey populations（帮助恢复了野生火鸡的数量），可排除B、D选项，C选项不符合题意，也可排除，得知A选项正确。