考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考前自测提分卷70(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国政法大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.翻译题But, as has been true in many other cases, when they were at last married the most ideal of situations was found to have been changed to the most practical. Instead of having shared their original duties, and as school-boys would say, going halves, they discovered that the cares of life had been doubled. This led to some distressing moments for both our friends; they understood suddenly that instead of dwelling in heaven they were still upon earth and had made themselves slaves to new laws and limitations. Instead of being freer and happier than ever before, they had assumed new responsibilities; they had established a new household, and must fulfill in some way or another obligations of it. They looked back with affection to their engagement; they had been longing to have each other to themselves, apart from the world, but it seemed they never felt so keenly that they were still units in modern society.【答案】参考译文：但是，正如许多其他情况一样，当他们最终结婚时，发现最理想的情况已经变成了最现实的情况。他们没有互相分担彼此的责任，就像男生们所说的，一人分担一半；他们发现生活的烦恼增加了一倍。这给我们的朋友都带来了一些烦恼；他们突然明白，他们不是徜徉在天堂而是依然还在人间，并且使自己成为新的律法和限制的奴隶。他们非但没有比以前更自由、更幸福，反而承担起了新的责任；他们已经建立了一个新家庭，必须以某种方式履行这个家庭的义务。他们满怀深情地回顾着他们的订婚；他们一直渴望彼此独处，远离尘嚣，但他们似乎从未如此强烈地感到，在现代社会中，他们仍然是一个整体。2.单选题There are many reasons why the majority of silent films have been lost: the deterioration of highly volatile nitrate stock, fire, negligence, the destruction of prints and negatives. _21_ silent films, though, still 22_. Mary Pickfords 1911 short “Their First Misunderstanding” was recently found 23 an old bam and 24 by the Library of Congress. And it was 25 in 2010 that 75 American silent films 26 discovered at the New Zealand Film Archive, including John Fords lost 1927 “Upstream”, and repatriated to the major archivesthe Library of Congress, the Academy Film Archive, UCLA Film and Television Archive, the George Eastman House and the Museum of Modern Art.In fact the survey points out that 27 the 3,311 films that survive in 28 form, 886 were discovered in other countries24% of them have been repatriatedwith the Czech Republic_29_the largest collection of silent American films outside of the United States.The study was written by historian-archivist David Pierce, 30 also has created an inventory database of information 31 commercial and private holdings that, according to the study, 32 in repatriation of lost American films. The survey is one of several congressionally mandated studies of Americas film and 33 sound heritage.“Unfortunately, there is 34 thats already been lost,” said Steve Leggett, program coordinator 35 the National Film Preservation Board of the Library of Congress. “But this _36 identifies some that are around. You 37 just dont know sometimes 38 you get over to these international archivesthere may be other stuff unidentified because its 39_ a different language or they put American films aside because they focus on their own countries output. So hopefully, there are some more gems.” The study, he said give a “snapshot of what the current situation isjust to get a list of what titles we think survive and where they are. We are not going to be able to 40 to get all of them, but to prioritize some of the titles you might want to get.问题1选项A.LostB.OldC.LeftD.Hidden问题2选项A.are discoveredB.discoveredC.has discoveredD.are being discovered问题3选项A.onB.byC.inD.out of问题4选项A.observedB.preservedC.conservedD.reserved问题5选项A.announcedB.knownC.enactedD.promulgated问题6选项A.beingB.wereC.had beenD.have been问题7选项A.ofB.inC.withD.on问题8选项A.someB.anyC.certainD.special问题9选项A.dealing withB.findingC.holdingD.taking问题10选项A.heB.whichC.itD.who问题11选项A.forB.onC.ByD.with问题12选项A.aidsB.will aidC.is aidingD.was aided问题13选项A.subjectedB.leftC.drawnD.recorded问题14选项A.so manyB.muchC.so muchD.very much问题15选项A.forB.inC.fromD.with问题16选项A.studyB.statisticsC.projectD.plan问题17选项A.accidentallyB.reallyC.generallyD.unfortunately问题18选项A.afterB.wheneverC.untilD.then问题19选项A.byB.withC.forD.in问题20选项A.comeB.affordC.payD.amount【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:D第11题:B第12题:B第13题:D第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:B第18题:C第19题:D第20题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义衔接。上一句是“There are many reasons why the majority of silent films have been lost”，意思是大部分的无声电影已经流失（丢失），其原因有很多，保存不当，火灾，副本和底片的损坏等。下文中接着讲的应该是“不过，丢失的无声电影一直在不断的被发现”。所以silent films前面应该填入与上文一致的形容词lost。因此A选项符合。22.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查时态和语态。这句话句意是：不过，丢失的无声电影一直在不断的被发现。无声电影是被发现的，因此此处应该用被动语态，B、C主动语态不符合；A项表示“被发现”，根据语义，“一直在不断被发现”用现在进行时更贴切。因此A选项符合。23.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查介词用法。on表示“在上面”，by表示“通过”，in表示“在里面”，out of 表示“在的外面”；根据语义，“ Mary Pickford的1911部短电影他们的第一次误会最近在一个旧车库里被发现”，因此C选项符合。24.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。Observe指以客观态度进行观察，也可指遵守遵循合同条款等；preserve主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存，使不受破坏，能长久保存下去；conserve强调对有价值的东西珍惜，合理使用，常用于保护资源和野生动物，或指节约使用资源；reserve指事先预留下来以备后用，也可用于预订房间、票、座位等。该句句意是：Mary Pickford的1911部短电影他们的第一次误会最近在一个旧车库里被发现并由国会图书馆保存。因此应该选B。25.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词义辨析。Announce指“宣布、公布、声明”，know指“知道”，enact指“制定、颁布（法律）”，promulgate指“传播，颁布（法律）”。该句句意是2010年公布了有75部美国无声电影被发现于新西兰电影资料馆。根据句意，这里指一般的宣布，因此应该选A。26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查时态。根据句子And it was announced in 2010 that 75 American silent films可以看出was announced“宣布”用的是一般过去时；该句句意是2010 年公布了有75部美国无声电影被发现于新西兰电影资料馆，be discovered“被发现”是发生在被宣布之前，所以应该用过去完成时 had been discovered, 因此应该选C。27.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词用法。of表示“的”，也可表示“在（数量）中有”；in表示“在里面”，多指地点、时间等；with表示“和一起”，多指伴随；on表示“在的上面”；根据句子In fact the survey points out thatthe 3,311 films that survive inform, 886 were discovered in other countries可知大概句意是：事实上，调查表明现在的3311部电影不管以形式存在，其中有886部是在其他国家发现的。因此A项更符合。28.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查语义和代词用法。Some指“一些”，与不可数名词或复数可数名词连用；any表示“任何”，与单数可数名词连用；certain指“某些”，做代词后面要跟名词复数；special表示“特别的”；文中的form用的是单数形式，且根据语境，该句句意是：事实上，调查表明现在的3311部电影不管以任何一种形式存在，故应选B。29.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词义辨析。Deal with指“处理”；find指“发现”；hold指“拥有、保留”；take指“占据、取得”；另外，这是一个with介词的独立结构，因此动词用-ing的形式；这句句意是：在美国以外，捷克共和国保留着最大的无声电影收藏。因此，此项选C。30.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查定语从句。根据句子The study was written by historian-archivist David Pierce, also has created an inventory database of，可以看出这里是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是David Pierce，指人应该用连接代词who；A项缺少连词and，B项which指物，C项不能指人；句意是：该研究是由历史档案管理学家David Pierce所做，他创立了一个详细目录数据库。因此，D项正确。31.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查介词用法。for指“对于、因为、给、为了”，on表示“在之上、关于”，by指“通过、被、由”，with表“伴随，和”。根据句子informationcommercial and private holdings推断出，句意是：关于商业和私人保留的信息；而information通常与on/about搭配，所以该题B项最符合。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查语义的判断和时态。根据句子that, according to the study, in repatriation of lost American films来看，这是一个定语从句，that后面引导的从句是修饰先行词an inventory database；句意是：根据研究，这个数据库将来会对无声电影的归还回国有帮助作用。因此要用将来时，所以选项B正确。33.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语义衔接和词义辨析。Subjected表示“遭受的，臣服的”；left表示“剩下的，左边的”；drawn表示“憔悴的，扭歪的”，另外be drawn to 表示吸引；recorded表示“记录的（声音）”；根据句意“此调查是国会授权有关美国电影和记录的声音遗产的研究之一”可知recorded符合，所以D项正确。34.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查代词和语法。Many“许多”做代词指代可数名词复数；much“大量的，许多”，做代词指代不可数名词。句中“Thats already been lost”是一个定语从句，is决定了前面的先行词应该是单数，所以排除A；much做代词，不能用very修饰，排除D；根据句意“很遗憾，大多都丢失了”可知so much 比much更合适。因此选C。35.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词用法。For“为”，in“在里”，from“从来（地点）”，with“和”；根据句子program coordinatorthe National Film Preservation Board of the Library of Congress，结合上句语境可知句意是：国会图书馆电影保护局的项目协调员。用for最合适，表示为国会图书馆电影保护局做协调员，因此A选项正确。36.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语义衔接。Study“研究、学习”，statistics“统计学”，project“项目、方案、工程”，plan“计划”。“But thisidentifies some that are around”这句话是Steve Leggett说的，从上文可以看到这一段都是Steve Leggett在对David Pierce的研究发表自己的见解和看法，因此此处应该填入study，所以A选项正确。37.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义辨析。Accidently“偶然地”，really“真正地”，generally“通常地”，unfortunately“不幸地”。根据句子Youjust dont know sometimesyou get over to these international archives得知句意为：你的确有时候不知道，直到进入这些国际性档案馆。所以，该题选B正确。38.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查连词用法。After“在之后”，whenever“无论何时”，until“直到”，then“然后”；固定搭配notuntil表示“直到才”，根据句意，“你的确有时候不知道，直到进入这些国际性档案馆”，可知该题选C正确。39.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查介词搭配。By“通过”，with“和”，for“为了、对”，in“用、在里”；根据句子itsa different language（以不同的语言呈现）可知，跟语言搭配介词一般用in，in+语言表示“以某种语言表达”，例如：in English, in Chinese。因此选D。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词词义辨析。Come“来、开始、发生”，afford“负担、承担”，pay“支付”，amount“总计、合计、等于”。根据句子We are not going to be able toto get all of them, but to prioritize some of the titles you might want to get.，可知句意为：我们不可能承担得起找出所有的无声电影，但可以优先一些可能想要的无声电影。根据句意，afford最合适，be afford to do表示“承担得起”，因此选项B正确。3.单选题The remaining three quarters of the population will incur medical bills that are less than what they pay for health insurance.问题1选项A.receiveB.sufferC.keepD.make【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。incur在句中是“承受”，A选项receive“接受”；B选项suffer“遭受”；C选项keep“保持”；D选项make“制造，制作”。句意：剩下四分之三的人将遭受医疗费用比他们所交的医疗保险还要低的境遇。因此B选项正确。4.单选题I shall explain the rules _ we have received many objections.问题1选项A.to whichB.to whereC.to whoD.to whom【答案】A【解析】考查语法。空格处需要选择一个定语从句的引导词，而先行词是物，所以只能用which或者that，但是先行词在从句中充当的宾语，objection to表示“反对”，因此前面引导词要用to which。句意：我将解释一下之前收到许多反对意见的条例。因此A项正确。5.单选题The United States Supreme Court has not always resolved legal issues of concern to Native Americans in a manner that has pleased the Indian nations. Many of the Courts decisions have been products of political compromise that looked more to the temper of the times than to enduring principles of law. But accommodation is part of the judicial system in the United States and judicial decisions must be assessed with this fact in mind.Despite the “accommodating” nature of the judicial system, it is worth noting that the power of the Supreme Court has been exercised in a manner that has usually been beneficial to Native Americans, at least on minor issues, and has not been wholly detrimental on the larger, more important issues. Certainly there have been decisions that cast doubt on the validity of this assertion. Some critics point to the patronizing tone of many Court opinions and the apparent rejection of Native American values as important points to consider when reviewing a case. However, the validity of the assertion can be illustrated by reference to two important contributions that have resulted from the exercise of judicial power.First, the Court has created rules of judicial construction that in general, favor the rights of Native American litigants. The Courts attitude has been conditioned by recognition of the distinct disadvantages Native Americans faced when dealing with settlers in the past. Treaties were inevitably written in English for the benefit of their authors, whereas tribal leaders were accustomed to making treaties without any written account, on the strength of mutual promises sealed by religious commitment and individual integrity. The written treaties were often broken, and Native Americans were confronted with fraud and political and military aggression. The Court recognizes that past unfairness to Native Americans cannot be sanctioned by the force of law. Therefore, ambiguities in treaties are to be interpreted in favor of the Native American claimants, treaties are to be interpreted as the Native Americans would have understood them, and, under the reserved rights doctrine, treaties reserve to Native Americans all rights that have not been specifically granted away in other treaties.A second achievement of the judicial system is the protection that has been provided against encroachment by the stales into tribal affairs. Federal judges are not inclined to view favorably efforts to extend states powers and jurisdictions because of the direct threat that such expansion poses to the exercise of federal powers. In the absence of a federal statute directly and clearly allocating a function to the states, federal judges are inclined to reserve for the federal governmentand the tribal governments under its chargeall those powers and rights they can be said to have possessed historically.61. According to the passage, one reason why the United States Supreme Court “has not always resolved legal issues of concern to Native Americans in a manner that has pleased the Indian nations” (lines 1-2) is that _.62. The authors attitude toward the United States Supreme Courts resolution of legal issues of concern to Native Americans can best be described as one of _.63. It can be inferred that the author believes that the extension of the states powers and jurisdictions with respect to Native American affairs would be _.64. The authors primary purpose is to _.65. It can be inferred that the author believes the United States Supreme Courts treatment of Native Americans to have been _.问题1选项A.Native Americans have been prevented from presenting their concerns persuasivelyB.the Court has failed to recognize that the Indian nations concerns are different from those of other groups or from those of the federal governmentC.the Court has made political compromises in deciding some casesD.the Court has been reluctant to curtail the powers of the federal government问题2选项A.wholehearted endorsementB.restrained appreciationC.detached objectivityD.cautious opposition问题3选项A.possible only with the consent of the Indian nationsB.favorably viewed by the United States Supreme CourtC.in the best interests of both state and federal governmentsD.detrimental to the interests of Native Americans问题4选项A.contrast opposing viewsB.reevaluate traditional beliefsC.reconcile divergent opinionsD.provide evidence to support a contention问题5选项A.reasonably supportive in most situationsB.irreproachable on legal groundsC.guided by enduring principles of lawD.misguided but generally harmless【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】61.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，美国最高法院并不总是以一种让印第安人满意的方式解决印第安人关心的法律问题的一个原因是”。第一段第二句提到Many of the Courts decisions have been products of political compromise that looked more to the temper of the times than to enduring principles of law（最高法院的许多判决都是政治妥协的产物，这些妥协看起来更像是时代的缓和，而不是持久的法律原则），由此可知法院在案件的判决中做出了政治妥协，因此，C项“法院在判决一些案件时做出了政治妥协”符合题意；A项“美国原住民被阻止以有说服力的方式表达他们的担忧”，根据第二段第五行Some critics point to the patronizing tone of many Court opinions and the apparent rejection of Native American values as important points to consider when reviewing a case.（一些批评人士指出，许多法院意见的庇护语气和对印第安人价值观的明显拒绝，是复审案件时需要考虑的重要因素）可知，法院是拒绝美国原住民的价值观，而不是阻止他们以有说服力的方式表达自己的担忧，因此该项不正确；B项“法院没有认识到印第安民族的关注点不同于其他群体或联邦政府的关注点”，文中没有提到印第安人的关注点是什么；D项“法院一直不愿意削减联邦政府的权力”原文也没有提到；故该题选C。62.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对美国最高法院解决印第安人关心的法律问题的态度可以很好地描述为”。第二段第一句提到Despite the “accommodating” nature of the judicial system, it is worth noting that the power of the Supreme Court has been exercised in a manner that has usually been beneficial to Native Americans, at least on minor issues, and has not been wholly detrimental on the larger, more important issues.（尽管司法系统具有妥协性，值得注意的是美国本土居民在少部分事务上受惠于最高法院，而在重大问题方面，美国本土居民也并不因此受到损害），由此可知，作者对利弊都有表述，其态度是公正的，故C项“公平的客观”符合题意。A项“全心全意的支持”，第一段作者还提到了最高法院并不总是以一种让印第安人满意的方式解决印第安人关心的法律问题，所以全心全意的支持这种说法是错误的；B项“拘谨的感谢”，作者没有表达感谢，因此该项错误；D项“谨慎的反对”，作者表述了美国最高法院对印第安人关心的法律问题上有利有弊的解决方案，说作者是客观的态度更贴切题意；故该题选C。63.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以推断出作者相信各州在印第安人事务上的权力和管辖权的扩展将会是”。文章最后一段提到Federal judges are not inclined to view favorably efforts to extend states powers and jurisdictions because of the direct threat that such expansion poses to the exercise of federal powers.（联邦法官不倾向于赞成扩大各州权力和司法管辖权，因为这种扩大会对联邦权力的行使构成直接威胁），由此可知国家权力的扩张以及司法触及美国本土居民事务，联邦政府将会面临危险；该司法系统是国家提供的保护，所以，对于扩展各州在印第安人事务上的权力和管辖权是会得到美国最高法院的支持的，A项“只有得到印第安民族的同意才可能”过于绝对；B项“受到美国最高法院的认可”符合题意；C项“为了州和联邦政府的最大利益”，文章已经提到了会给联邦权力的行使构成直接威胁，所以该项错误；D项“对美国原住民的利益有害”，最后一段第一句提到A second achievement of the judicial system is the protection that has been provided against encroachment by the stales into tribal affairs.（司法制度的第二个成就是保护部落事务不受陈腐势力的侵犯），由此可知对美国原住民并不是有害的，因此该项错误；故该题选B。64.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者最主要的目的是”。最后两段句首作者用了first和second，可知作者是在举例论证，因此D项“提供证据支持论点”正确；A项“对比相反的观点”，文章最后两段的中心句是First, the Court has created rules of judicial construction that in general, favor the rights of Native American litigants.（首先，最高法院制定了一般有利于美国原住民诉讼当事人权利的司法构建规则）和A second achievement of the judicial system is the protection that has been provided against encroachment by the stales into tribal affairs.（司法制度的第二个成就是保护部落事务不受陈腐势力的侵犯），由此可知作者并没有对比相反的观点；B项“重新评估传统信仰”和C项“调和不同的意见” 文中没有提到；故该题选D。65.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以推断作者认为美国最高法院对印第安人的对待是”。本文主要讲到美国最高法院对美国本土居民的法律问题的处理是政治妥协，而并非遵循着法律原则，但是这种处理也是合情合理的，因为它并没有造成极大的危害。故A项“在大多数情况下都给予相当的支持”比较符合句意；B项“在法律上无可指责”，文章都提到了有时候法院对印第安人关心的法律问题没有遵循法律原则，所以该项错误；C项“受持久的法律原则指导”，文中提到也会受到政治妥协，该项也不正确；D项“被误导但一般无害”，文中没有提到误导；故该题选A。6.单选题The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert, is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestrathat has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert, is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with me recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. Their recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference. Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the now audience it hopes to attract.46. We learn from Para. 1 that Gilberts appointment has _.47. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is _.48. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers _.49. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?