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Period 4 Grammar学习目标：Direct Speech and Indirect Speech (I): statements and questions.【知识导学】直接引语间接引语陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句【知识运用】一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I am having supper,” he said. He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. Gina _ me that she _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.【三“点”探究】对于直接引语和间接引语的掌握，我们可以遵循这样一个原则：一个概念，两种形式，三种句型，四种变化。1. 一个概念：直接引述别人的原话为_引语。用自己的话转述别人的话为_引语。2. 两种形式：直接引语前后_引号，间接引语_引号。“I want a new cup. said Anne. (直)Anne said that she wanted a new cup. (间)3. 三种句型：陈述句、疑问句和祈使句。4. 四种变化：人称、时态、语序和状语。一、陈述句The man said，“I am very poor.”The man said that he was very poor.He said, “Im from America.” He said that he was from America.通过阅读以上句子发现：直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词_引导并且它在口语中可以省略。二、疑问句1. He asked me,“Are you interested in English?”He asked me whether/if I was interested in English.She asked Tom，“Can you help me?” She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.通过阅读以上句子发现：直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词_或_引导,并用_语序2. “What do you want?” he asked me. He asked me what I wanted.“How did you repair it?” he asked me. He asked me how I had repaired it.通过阅读以上句子发现：直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由_引导。直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句的语序变为_语序。三、直接引语变为间接引语时的四种变化1.直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称的变化。对于人称的变化，可记住下面的顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。”1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。She said，“My brother wants to go with me.”She said _ brother wanted to go with her.2)“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。He asked Kate，“How is your sister now？”He asked Kate how _ sister was then.3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said _ was a good worker.2直接引语变为间接引语时，主句的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。变化如下：时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化项目直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythat daythis week(month, etc.)that week(month, etc.)yesterdaythe day beforelast week (month, etc.)the week(month, etc.) beforethree days (a year, etc.)agothree days (a year, etc.)beforetomorrowthe next (following) daynext week(month, etc.)the next (following) week (month, etc.)地点状语herethere动词come/bringgo/take注意:如果在当地转述,here不必改为there; come也不必改为go。如果就在当天转述,则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。John said to me, “I told her all about it three days ago.”John said to me that he had told her all about it three days before.注意：直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态不发生变化的情况：1)主句的时态是一般现在时或一般将来时，变为间接引语时，从句时态不变。He says，“I am very happy.”He says that he _very happy.2)直接引语表达的是习惯性动作,客观事实,谚语和格言或科学真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，”the teacher told me.The teacher told me the earth _ around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.3)直接引语中有具体的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Tom said，“I was born on April 21,1980.”Tom said he _ born on April 21,1980.4)主句谓语动词为现在时,间接引语中的动词可保持原来的时态。He says, “I had a good time last night.” He says he _ a good time the night before.温馨贴士: 知识结构图解如下:【拓展提升】句型转换1) Tom said that they could go there together.Tom said,“ come here together.”2) The teacher said, “You must go quickly, Tom!”The teacher asked quickly.3) Jane asked, “Is anybody seeing you off today?”Jane asked seeing off .4) He said, “The earth goes around the sun.”He said that the earth around the sun.5) “Would you like to go to the movie with me?” Tom asked his sister.Tom asked his sister would like to go to the movie with .6) He said, “Im afraid I cant finish the work before dark.”He said _afraid _finish the work before dark.7) My American friend Mary said, “The second Sunday in May is Mothers Day.”My American friend Mary said _ the second Sunday in May is Mother _ Day.【知识导学】直接引语间接引语陈述句用连词that引导,that可以省略一般疑问句用连词if或whether引导,said改为asked其后还可以加sb,句子用陈述语序特殊疑问句用原来的特殊疑问词引导,句子用陈述语序【知识运用】1. he, was。在直接引语变为间接引语时，代词I要变为he；主句为过去时态，宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即现在进行时am having变为过去进行时was having。2. told, had, seen。直接引语中的said to sb在变为间接引语时应改为told sb；现在完成时have seen改为过去完成时had seen。3. she, had, gone。直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词I 应变为she；一般过去时went改为过去完成时had gone。4. is。直接引语变为间接引语时，若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变。5. had, before。直接引语是一般过去时met，变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时had met；时间状语yesterday应改为the day before(from )。【三“点”探究】1. 直接 间接 2. 加 不加 一、that二、1 疑问句 if/whether 陈述2. 原句中的特殊疑问词 陈述三、1. 1) her 2) her 3) Jack 2. 1) is 2) moves 3) was 4)had【拓展提升】句型转换1) We can 2)Tom to go 3)if/whether somebody was; me; that day 4)goes 5)if/whether she; him; 6) that he was he couldnt 7) that is
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