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专题十四 书面表达说明类专练（90分钟 95分）考点01：冠词 3颗星考点02：代词 3颗星考点03：介词和介词短语 2颗星考点04: 名词 3颗星 考点05：主谓一致 5颗星考点06：形容词和副词 5颗星考点08：非谓语动词 5颗星考点09：动词的时态和语态 5颗星考点10：定语从句 3颗星考点13 状语从句 3颗星考点14 特殊句式 2颗星考点32: 书面表达说明文5颗星书面表达（每题25分，共50分）1.（考点32中难）假定你是李华,你班的美国交换生Tom结束了在你校一年的学习,即将回国。你和同学打算于7月10日下午在班上为他开一个欢送会(farewell party),特写信邀请他参加。要点包括:1.欢送会的时间和地点; 2.感谢Tom的帮助; 3.美好祝愿;注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语已为你写好,不计入总词数。Dear Tom,How time flies! Its one year since you came to study Chinese in our school._Yours sincerely,Li Hua2.（考点32中难）假定你是李华,你的外国笔友Tom对中国功夫很感兴趣。他给你发来电子邮件,告诉你他想在暑假期间来中国的少林寺学习少林功夫,体验中国文化。请根据下面的提示,给Tom写一封电子邮件。内容包括:1.欢迎他来中国;2.介绍如何到达河南登封:先坐飞机到郑州新郑机场,再坐汽车到少林寺;3.如何选择所学课程;4.其他建议。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。Dear Tom, Im glad to know that you are coming to China_Yours,Li Hua语法填空（每题1.5分，共45分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _ 考点06 (long) than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long _考点08 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ 考点08 (die) early by running. While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ 考点05 (be) more effective at lengthening life_ 考点03 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ 考点10 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _ 考点04 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwiseits probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always _考点06 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _考点02 a try.（2）Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country _考点09 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _考点01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is _考点06 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice_考点08 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased_ 考点04 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _ 考点06 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government _考点09 (start) a soil-testing program _考点10 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _考点14 (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. says the banks Juergen Voegele.（3） The ancient wisdom of Confucius is timeless. His thinking _考点09( influence) the Chinese for thousands of years. However, English teaching seems to be one place _考点10 his wisdom is forgotten. I came to China 6 years ago, and quickly saw the plight (困境) of so many students _考点08 (struggle) to learn English. They know a lot “about” English,_they never master the language. They learned far more grammar than students in Western cultures and almost no oral training. They were made _考点08 (recite) sentences and passages from their books. Their teachers were spending 90% of the class talking to them “about” English in Chinese. All effective language teaching in the world is built _考点03 the basis of oral language. Students who excel in English are those that follow the wisdom of Confucius: they use language! They use it primarily by speaking and listening, _考点06 (eventual) supplemented (补充) by reading and writing. Every language is taught by gaining speaking competence long before grammar, reading and writing_考点09 (introduce). Chinese students work so hard._考点13 they learned English with correct spoken instructions and classroom practice, they would have the_考点06 (high) English scores in the world and they would conquer English. 参考答案一、书面表达1.Dear Tom,How time flies! Its one year since you came to study Chinese in our school. In the past year,you have helped us a lot, without which we couldnt have made great progress in English. During this year, we have learned lots of cultures about your country that cannot be found in the book.Before you leave, many classmates and I intend to hold a farewell party for you, hoping that you can remember the wonderful time we spent together. By the way the party will be held in our classroom on the afternoon of July 10th.May you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again.We are looking forward to your coming.Yours sincerely,Li Hua 2.Dear Tom, Im glad to know that you are coming to Chinatolearn Shaolin Kung Fu.Im writing tooffer you some advice. As you know, the Shaolin Temple is located in Dengfeng, Henan Province, which is famous for Chinese kung fu. When you come to China, the destinationof your flight should be Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, which is in the suburb of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. Then you can take a bus to the Shaolin Temple. There are all kinds of short courses for you to choose from, and you can visit its website for detailed information. Remember that it is hard to practice Chinese kung fu, especially in the beginning. And the life there seems boring because you have to practice all the time. If you need further information, please let me know.Yours,Li Hua解析：本文首段点明写信原因,开门见山。第二段首先用两个含有定语从句的长句介绍少林寺和机场的地理位置及交通的相关信息, 接下来告知汤姆可登录网站查询课程的相关信息文章末尾表达了对其学功夫的一些提醒,体现出作者对友人的关心,本篇文章句式灵活,句与句之间过渡自然,其中which is famous for Chinese kung fu 及 which is in the suburb of Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province 等句子使文章句式丰富,并且整合了零散的信息,使文章层次分明,清晰地表达出了作者的写作目的。 二、语法填空 （1）答案：1. longer 2. to see 3. dying 4. is 5. than 6. that/which 7. causes 8. strengthen 9. energetic 10. it/running解析： 1. 考查副词的比较级。句中有than,故用long的比较级 longer。2. 考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语,因此此处应用非谓语动词; 分析句子结构及句意可知,此处应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。3. 考查非谓语动词。短语reduce ones risk of.降低某人的风险,此处介词后用动词-ing形式作宾语。4. 考查动词的时态。本文介绍了跑步的好处,通篇以一般现在时为主。本句宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;且宾语从句的主语为it,故用is。5. 考查介词。根据句中的more可知,此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。 故填than。6. 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为a study,且定语从句缺少主语,故填关系代词that/ which。7. 考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词,意为原因,句的all表示所有,后应用可数名词的复数形式,故填causes。8. 考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式作目的状语,故空填动词strengthen,意为增强,加强。9. 考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征,and前的cheap和easy均为形容词,故此处应用形容词energetic作表语,意为需要能量的。剧烈的。10. 考查固定搭配。give it a try为固定搭配,意为试一试,根据语境知,it指代running,故可填it或running。 （2）答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; pollution; global; started; that/which; feeding解析：本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知,填比较连词。故填than。考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。考查谓语动词。句意:在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句,由于时间是2005年,故用过去时。故填started。考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。 （3）答案： has influenced; where; struggling; but; to recite; on; eventually; are introduced; if; highest 8
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