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考点01 冠词【命题解读】冠词是历年高考的必考点，常出现在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在日常交际中，几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及冠词的运用。故不论高考的考查形式如何变化，冠词仍应是高考复习的重点。【命题预测】预计2020年的高考仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确使用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法结合名词一起进行考查。【复习建议】 复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：1.单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；2.复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；3.无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。考向一不定冠词1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。In a university，a European and a one-eyed man walked along a one-way road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing. 在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。An hour ago，an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve peoples well-being and a dream of harmony，peace and development.中国梦是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多塞奇威克的律师。4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood？There is a parcel for him.Sorry，but there is no such person here.劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailor的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示再一，又一。She didnt like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有每的概念。The medicine is to be taken three times a day.这药每天吃三次。7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a look看一看；have a try试一试。You had better go to the factory and have a look.你最好到厂里去看一看。8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste of浪费；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。1.（2019新课标I卷短文改错）Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a；考查连词。句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。2. （2018新课标II卷短文改错）As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】the改为a 【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。3.（2017新课标1卷语法填空）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。4.（2017新课标3卷语法填空）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting (rest). Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as 62 model in New York.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指 一个，故填a。5. _prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指获胜者的奖品，用定冠词，第二空是泛指一个两周的假期，用不定冠词a。故选A。【口诀助记】泛指首提为最多，有时表示某“一个”；物质抽象表“一场”，so加形容再跟“a”；可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”；quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。考向二定冠词1.用在名词前表示特指。Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?Yes，as you know，the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.你昨天玩得开心吗？是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。Do you know who invented the telephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗？3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two？你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.(2013陕西)据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。Many of the injured are still in danger.许多受伤者仍处于危险中。6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hour，by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight，by height等。Its said John will be in a job paying over $ 60，000 a year.Right，he will also get paid by the week.据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。是的，而且会按周获得报酬。7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。The Whites settled down in Canada last year.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。the east 东部play the piano 弹钢琴【口诀助记】特指双方都熟悉，上文已经被提及。世上无二仅独一，序数词和最高级。山河海岛建筑物，姓氏复数奏乐器。少数形表人一类，方位名词须牢记。普构专有惯用词，试用此诀有效率。1.（2019浙江卷语法填空）Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。2. （2017年新课标2卷短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. 【答案】 countryside前加the 【解析】句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。3. （2017年新课标3卷短文改错）Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.【答案】 picture前加the或this 【解析】考查限定词的用法。单数可数名词前应该有限定词，根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。4.Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a;the【答案】D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。考向三零冠词1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts. 偏远地区非常需要教师。2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster of the school，told us，A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。A year can be divided into four seasons spring，summer，autumn and winter.一年可以分为四季春、夏、秋、冬。4.no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.天下没有免费的午餐。5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。1.Dr.PeterSpence,_headmasteroftheschool,toldus,_fifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A【答案】A【解析】句意为校长PeterSpence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；afifth表示五分之一。选A。2.Somepeoplefearthat_airpollutionmaybringaboutchangesin_weatheraroundtheworld.A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.the;a【答案】A【解析】Airpollution是抽象名词这里是泛指，其前不用冠词； weather这里是特指全球的气候，根据theweatheraroundtheworld可知答案为A【口诀助记】名词复数泛指人，冠词用法是个零。专有、物质、抽象名，泛指时候冠不行。含有day的节假日，不用冠词莫忘记。季节月份星期几，不用冠词有道理。三餐饭和打球前，不用冠词理当然。名词前边已有代，不用冠词也无碍。固定词组多注意，用与不用小心记。称呼头衔不用冠，总共八条切莫乱。考向四 冠词的位置 1. 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half， I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后： It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lot d. 在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a man though he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。 当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。2.定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了。学习冠词的难点一、在特殊情况下混用a和an关于a和an的一般区别，同学们可能比较清楚，也不易搞错，但是对于数字和字母前用该用不定冠词a还是an，则是许多考生可能忽略的问题。如：They have an 8-year-old daughter. 他们有一个8岁大的女儿。(数字8在英语中读音与eight同，故其前用an，不用a;类似地，我们要说an 11-year-old child，不能说a 11-year-old boy。)Our daughter sent us an SOS for some more money. 我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号。(字母s的读音为es，它的第一个音为元音，故其前要用an。)二、星期名词前冠词的使用问题表示星期的名词(如Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不与冠词连用，但有时为了表示特指可以带定冠词;若表示不确定的某一个，其前可用不定冠词。如：When can I have my birthday party? On the Saturday nearest to it. 我的生日庆祝会在哪天举行?就在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。Christmas Day falls on a Monday. 今年的圣诞节是星期一。You wont catch me working on a Sunday! 你绝对见不到我在星期日工作!He never opens up shop on a Sunday. 星期日他的商店从不营业。We had a card from her on the Friday after she got back. 在她回去后的那个星期五我们收到了她的明信片。When can I have my birthday party? On the Saturday nearest to it. 我的生日庆祝会能在哪天举行?在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。三、三餐饭前冠词的使用问题一般说来，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠词。如：Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供应到上午9点。Can you manage lunch on Tuesday? 你星期二能来吃午饭吗?但是，若要特指某一顿早餐、中餐或晚餐，则可在其前加定冠词。如：The supper is well cooked. 晚饭做得很好。Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描绘性定语的修饰，则其前通常要用不定冠词。如：We make a good breakfast before leaving. 我们动身前好好吃顿早饭。Ive got out of the habit of having a cooked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯。After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。We were well primed for the journey with a large breakfast. 为了去旅行, 我们早餐都吃得饱饱的。_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch.A. A; a B. The; 不填C. The; a D. A; 不填【答案】C【解析】第一空填定冠词，表特指；第二空填不不定冠词，因为名词lunch前带有描给性修饰语，a packed lunch在此指打包的午餐。四、冠词的非前位用法限定语与所修饰的中心名词的关系一般顺序是：冠词+表示大小尺寸的限定词+表示颜色的限定词+表示原材料的限定词+中心名词。但在某些固定结构中，冠词放在了形容词之后。1.Peter wont drive us to the station. He has_ to take us all.A. a very small car B. too small a carC. a too small car D. such a small car【答案】B【解析】C迷惑性较大，学生都学过too +adj./adv. +to结构，但对于too +adj.+n.+to结构不熟悉。解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语一般正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词。但有些固定结构需注意，如too+adj. +a/an+n.。2.Exercise is _ as any other to lose unwanted weight.A.so useful a way B.as a useful wayC.as useful a way D. such a useful way【答案】C【解析】错解分析：A、B迷惑性较大，soas结构常用于否定句和疑问句，故不能选A、B。解题方法与技巧：名词前修饰语正常语序为：不定冠词+形容词+名词，但有些固定结构需注意，如：as+adj. +a/an+n.【锦囊妙计】1.不定冠词用在quite，rather，many，half，what，much等词之后。例如：He is rather a fool.What did you think of the concert？Oh，it was quite a success.2.不定冠词用在so（as，too，how）+形容词之后。例如：She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.Its too difficult a book for us to read.注意：以元音音素开头的名词前加不定冠词时用an。例如：an apple。即使单词拼写以辅音字母开头，但该词的读音是元音音素开头，加不定冠词时也要用an，例如：an hour，an honest boy；反之，拼写以元音字母开头，但读音是辅音，加不定冠词时要用a，例如：a university。3.sothat与suchthat:sothat和suchthat都作如此以致解，that引导结果状语从句。常见句型如下：sosuchthat和sothat有时可以换用，条件是such所修饰的名词必须是一个单数可数名词，且该名词还带有表性质的形容词。转变公式如下：such a/an+形容词+名词so+形容词+a/an+名词。例如：He is such a good student that we all like him.He is so good a student that we all like him。但是，如果是不可数名词或复数可数名词，则只能用such，不能用so修饰。例如：It was such bad weather that he had to stay at home。如果复数名词前有many，few，不可数名词前有much，little等表示量的形容词时，应该用so而不用such。如：Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together（维持生活）。但little不表示数量而表示小的意思时，仍用such。例如：They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves.题组一（真题在线）1.（2016浙江）_prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a2.（2016全国新课标卷II语法填空）Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. 3.（2018新课标卷III语法填空）Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears.4.（2015浙江）Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.A. a;不填B. the; the C. 不填;the D. a; the5.（2015重庆）I just heard_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the6.（2014重庆）I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village. A. the; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /7.（2014天津）Life the like _ ocean; Only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.A. an; the B. the; a C. the ;/ D. / ; a8.（2014江西）They chose Tom to be _captain of the team because they knew he was _smart leader.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 9.（2014陕西）_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; the D. A; a10.（2014浙江）The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _ week, often long into _ night.A. a; the B. the;不填 C. a; a D.不填；the题组二1.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.A. a B. an C. the D.不填2.How do you like his plan?It may be great in _ theory, but how will it work in _ practice?A. the; theB./; /C. the; /D./; the3.We have every reason to believe that _ 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be _ great success.A./ ; aB. the; /C. the; aD. a; a4.Lily owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.A. the; /B. a; /C. a; theD./; the5._ headmaster Smith is quite good at painting and it is said that he is _ Picasso.A. The; /B./;a C./;/D. The; a6.What _great fun it is to play with computer games!Dont you think its _waste of time?A. a; aB./;aC./; theD. the; the7.The woman has _ complete absence of small talk. As a consequence, she acted as if she hadnt recognized me and didnt make _sound.A./; aB. a; aC. the;/D. a; the8. China you see today is powerful and fast-developing country, quite different from what it used to be.A. The; a B. The; the C. 不填; a D. 不填; the9.In 1778, Banks was elected _ president of the Royal Society, _position he held for 42 years.A./, theB. the, /C. the, theD./, a10.I am not fond of _ music very much, but I do like _ music they are dancing to.A.不填; 不填B. the; theC. the; 不填D.不填; the题组三语篇填空(用a/an/ the填空)There once was a king who offered _1_ prize to _2_artist who would paint _3_ best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all _4_ pictures. But there were only two he really liked，and he had to choose between them.One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was _5_ perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains，too. But these were rugged (崎岖的) and bare. Above was _6_angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down _7_side of the mountain tumbled (翻腾) a foaming (水泡) waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.But when the king looked closely, he saw behind _8_ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack (裂缝) in the rock. In the bush _9_ mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water，sat the mother bird on her nestin perfect peace.The king chose _10_second picture.题组一1.D【解析】句意：这个比赛获胜者的奖品是一个巴黎的两个星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指获胜者的奖品，用定冠词，第二空是泛指一个两周的假期，用不定冠词a。故选D。2. a【解析】介词短语for a while意为一会儿，本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会儿。3. the 【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。4.D【解析】句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一个空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way 是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D。5.C 【解析】句意：我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行，可知表示特指，用the；第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指，用a。 【名师点睛】冠词的运用要把握 a 一般表示泛指某一类人或物，意为任何一个，任一 。the 表示表示特指，或有某类型的修饰。 6.A【解析】去威尔逊家的道路是特定的，故选择定冠词；本村没有叫做威尔逊的人。叫威尔逊的人有很多，不具有唯一性，故选择不定冠词。A项正确。7.A【解析】句意：生活就像一片海；只有那些意志坚强的人才能到达彼岸。ocean海洋，是可数名词，又是元音开头，所以用an；strong-willed是形容词，前面用the 表一类。又如。the injured伤员。故选A。 8.C 【解析】Captain后跟了个介词短语of the team作定语，表特指；后一空表类型（一个聪明的领导者），因此C选项正确。句意为 他们选了汤姆为这个队的队长，那是因为他们知道汤姆是个聪明的头儿。9.A【解析】考查冠词。第一空后的名词后有where引导的定语从句，故应是特指，用the；第二空表示一个城镇，故填不定冠词a。故选A。10.A 【解析】第一空a表示每一；into the night到深夜；句意：我的论文下个月就要交，我现在一周工作七天，还经常熬夜到深夜。故选A。【名师点睛】考生做题时要保持清醒的头脑，准确猜摸出题人意图。week是普通的可数名词，就可以用a修饰， into the night是约定俗成的短语，就算考试时考生不能详细阐述该理由，但是根据以往做题见到的句子、用法，可以发散思维，准确选出答案，没必要在考场死扣某一题原理，这在平时就需要大量的英语阅读、做题，才能厚积薄发。题组二1. A 【解析】考查冠词。本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示：一个像那样的人。故选择A。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。2.B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：你觉得他的计划怎么样?可能从理论上来说是很好，但在实践中它会起作用吗？in theory理论上，从理论上看；in practice在实践中；实际上。故选B。3.C 【解析】考查冠词。这里特指2022年的冬季奥运会，所以用定冠词；success可以用作可数名词，指一个成功的人或一件成功的事。句意：我们有理由相信2016年的奥运会将会是成功的。故选C。4.B 【解析】考查冠词。a collection of +名词的复数是常用结构，意为一批，一些；许多的；第二空后的名词泛指书籍，用a larger collection of来修饰，指许多书，因此不用冠词。故选B。5.B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：史密斯校长很擅长绘画，据说他是一个毕加索。headmaster, monitor, chairman等独一无二的官衔词做主语，表语，同位语时，前面不用冠词。Picasso在此语境中表示像毕加索一样的画家，是一个普通名词。故第二个空要填不定冠词a。B选项切题。6.B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：玩电脑游戏是多么有乐趣！难道你不认为它是浪费时间吗？fun表示乐趣时是不可数名词，不需要冠词修饰，a waste of是固定搭配，表示浪费，故B项正确。7.B 【解析】考查冠词。句意：那个女人不太爱说话，所以见到我假装没认出来而且也没打招呼。have a complete absence of是固定搭配，意为缺乏；make a sound是固定搭配，是没出声之意。故选B。8.A 【解析】考查冠词。第一空特指你现在看到的中国；第二空表示一个强大和快速发展的国家，表泛指。故选A。9.D 【解析】考查冠词。句意：1778年，Banks当选为皇家学会的主席，这是一个他拥有了42年的职位。第一空的president意为主席，在表示职位、头衔的名词作主语补足语时，前面要用零冠词；第二空表示泛指，意为一个他拥有了43年的职位，用不定冠词a。故选D。10.D 【解析】考查冠词。句意：我不太喜欢音乐，但是我的确很喜欢他们伴舞的音乐。第一空后的music表示泛指，是不可数名词，不需要加冠词。第二空后的music后面有定语从句they are dancing to修饰，特指他们伴舞的音乐，故用定冠词the修饰。故选D。题组三1.a2.the3.the4.the5.a6.an7.the8.the9.a10.the16
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