2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷52

2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题As a teacher, you should not（ ）the students from asking questions in class.问题1选项A.ruinB.restrainC.importD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ruin“破坏，糟蹋，毁灭”；B选项restrain“抑制，控制”，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事；C选项import“输入，进口”；D选项impose“强加，征税，以欺骗”。句意：作为老师，你不应该阻止学生在课堂上提问。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。2. 单选题Mutual respect for territorial（ ）is one of the bases upon which our two countries develop relationships.问题1选项A.reliabilityB.unityC.entiretyD.integrity【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项reliability“可靠性”；B选项unity“团结，一致”；C选项entirety“全部，完全”，强调整体，例句：The peace plan has not been accepted in its entirety by all parties.（该和平计划还没有被各方全部接受。）；D选项integrity“完整；正直”强调领土完整不可分割，例句：Separatist movements are a threat to the integrity of the nation.（分裂活动是对国家领土完整的威胁。）。句意：相互尊重领土完整是两国发展关系的基础之一。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。3. 单选题On our way to Beijing, we visited Xian, a city of two million（ ）, and stayed there for two days.问题1选项A.insectsB.humanC.inhabitantsD.flights【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insect“昆虫，卑鄙的人”；B选项human“人，人类”；C选项inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D选项flight“飞行，班机”。句意：在去北京的途中，我们参观了有200万人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了两天。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。4. 单选题He carried the parcel home himself, but he（ ）so, the shop could have sent it.问题1选项A.did not need to doB.neednt have doneC.must not have doneD.couldnt have done【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词辨析。A选项did not need to do “（过去）没必要/不需要做这事”，B选项neednt have done，need情态动词就完成时表示“本来无必要做这事（却做了）”，C选项must not have done“禁止这样做”；must not表示禁止，语气强硬，一般情况下后面不跟动词的完成时态，D选项couldnt have done“不能做这事(但做了)，”句意：他自己把包裹带回家，但他_，商店可以把包裹寄给他。句子表达的意思是商店可以把包裹寄给他，所以他过去没必要自己搬回包裹，表示过去没必要做，但是做了的事情，所以本题的正确答案是B选项。5. 单选题Farmers were encouraged to keep their livestock in pens rather than letting them（ ）freely.问题1选项A.roamB.wanderC.wonderD.roar【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项roam“闲逛，漫步”；B选项wander“游荡，漫游”；C选项wonder“想知道，纳闷”；D选项roar“咆哮，呼喊”。句意：鼓励农民们把家畜关进栏圈，而不是让它们到处乱跑。由rather than可知，句子后半句表达的意思应该“和把家畜关进栏圈”相反，C，D不符合句意。roam常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游，wander多指人无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡，A选项与其意思对应。因此A选项符合句意。6. 单选题The criminal always paid（ ）cash so the police could not track him down.问题1选项A.onB.atC.forD.in【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。此题考查固定词组。pay in cash是一固定词组，意为“付现金”。句意：那名罪犯总是用现金付款，因此警方无法追捕到他。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。7. 单选题Traditionally, local midwives would（ ）all the babies in the area.问题1选项A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项handle“处理”；B选项produce“生产”；C选项deliver“传送”；D选项help“帮助”。midwife是指“产婆，接生员”，deliver可以指接生（孩子），或者生孩子。句意：按照传统，当地的产婆接生这个地区的孩子。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。8. 单选题The goals（ ）he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.问题1选项A.after whichB.with whichC.for whichD.at which【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。这是一个介词+代词引导的定语从句，fought的原型的fight，和不同的介词搭配，fight after“在之后战斗”；fight with“与一起战斗”；fight for“为而战，而奋斗”。句意：他为之奋斗终生的目标对他不再重要了。for which he had fought做goals的定语，将fight for搭配中的for放在which之前。因此，本题的正确答案是C选项。9. 单选题That mythical beast, homo economicus, is utterly clear about the purpose of work: to get paid. He is keener on leisure than work, and if money can be got without effort, he downs tools. If real people feel the same, then plentiful out-of-work benefits should be found in the same places as work-shy citizens.Yet a cross-country comparison of benefits and attitudes to work published on January 28th finds precisely the opposite pattern. Researchers ranked 13 countries according to their generosity (measured by comparing typical benefits to those out of work with the average wage of a production worker) and their citizens commitment to work (gauged by asking whether they would work if they did not need the cash, and whether they regarded a job as merely a way to earn a living). The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.One reason may be the skills make-up of the British workforce. The researchers found, logically enough, that professionals and graduates were more positive about work than the unskilled and non-graduates. Fewer Britons than Norwegians (who came top on work commitment) have professional jobs or degrees. But this does not entirely explain their comparative immunity to the attractions of hard work: Britons of every social class and level of education were less keen on work than their counterparts elsewhere.Could the “dependency culture” currently excercising British politicians be solved by raising benefits? Unlikely, says Alison Park, editor of the annual British Social Attitudes Report, in which the study appeared: attitudes to work vary from country to country for many reasons. The generosity of what the report terms “encompassing” states, all Nordic with Lutheran traditions, may have been made possible by a strong work ethic, rather than a stronger commitment to work having emerged as a result of it.And work incentives are affected by features of welfare systems other than overall generosity: “corporatist” states such as Germany, which pay higher benefits to those with a longer work history, may be encouraging positive attitudes to work by such conditionality. Britain s little benefits, by contrast, are largely independent of previous employment, which may mean they are seen as an alternative to work, rather than as one of the good things that flow from it.6. “Work-shy citizens” in the last sentence of paragraph 1 probably refers to people who are（ ）.7. From paragraph 2, we learn that（ ）.8. Britons are unmotivated in their work mainly due to（ ）.9. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题1选项A.incompetent for their workB.ashamed of their workC.unwilling to do their workD.irresponsible for their work问题2选项A.Britons average wage is the lowest in EuropeB.Britons rely heavily on government welfaresC.Britons prefer leisure to workD.Britons are not enthusiastic in work问题3选项A.weak work ethicB.insufficient work skillsC.lazy lifestyleD.defective welfare system问题4选项A.Americans are probably less interested in their work than Britons.B.Norwegians exceed Britons in professional education.C.People in Nordic countries are more committed to their work than Germans.D.The welfare of “encompassing” states might be better than that of “corporatist” states.10. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?问题5选项A.Attitude to Work: Diligent or Idle?B.Attitude to Work: Cant or Wont?C.Welfare System: Stimulator or Inhibitor?D.Welfare System: More Generous or More Reasonable?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：第一段最后一句中的“work-shy citizens”可能指的是_的人。通过关键词“work-shy citizens”可以定位到第一段最后一句话前后内容If real people feel the same, then plentiful out-of-work benefits should be found in the same places as work-shy citizens.（如果现实中的人也一样如此，那么大量的失业福利应该在那些不愿工作的公民身上找到。），可知C选项“不愿去做他们的工作”符合题意。选项A“无法胜任他们的工作”，B选项“对自己的工作感到羞愧”，D选项“对他们的工作不负责任”。根据“失业福利”这个单词可知，Work-shy citizens指的是不愿工作而导致失业的人，所以A，B，D选项均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。2.推理判断题。题干：从第2段，我们可以学习到_。根据第二段最后一句话The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.（一个国家越慷慨，其人民就越热衷于工作。英国人紧随美国人之后，福利最微薄，他们对工作最不感兴趣。）可知，D选项“英国人对工作没有热情”，符合题意。A选项“英国人的平均工资是欧洲最低的”，文章表达的英国福利最差，并不是说平均工资最低，属于概念混淆，所以A选项不正确。B选项“英国人严重依赖政府福利”，英国人享受的福利是最差的，所以B选项的表述也不正确。C选项“比起工作，英国人更喜欢休闲”，文中并没有提及英国人喜欢休闲，属于无中生有，所以C选项也不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。3.事实细节题。题干：英国人在工作中缺乏积极性主要是因为_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话One reason may be the skills make-up of the British workforce. The researchers found, logically enough, that professionals and graduates were more positive about work than the unskilled and non-graduates.（其原因之一可能是英国劳动力的技能的构成。研究人员发现，符合逻辑的是，专业人士和大学毕业生对工作的态度比无技能和没有大学学历的人更积极。），所以B选项“工作技能不足”符合题意。A选项“薄弱的职业道德”，C选项“懒惰的生活方式”，D选项“有缺陷的福利系统”，这三个选项在此处并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。4.推理判断题。题干：下列哪个选项可以从文章中推断出来？A选项“美国人对工作的兴趣可能不如英国人”，通过文章第二段最后一句话The more generous a state is, the keener on work its people are, they found. Britons, whose benefits were least after those that Americans get, were least keen of all on work.（一个国家越慷慨，其人民就越热衷于工作。英国人紧随美国人之后，福利最微薄，他们对工作最不感兴趣。），可知，美国人的福利待遇比英国好，所以美国人比英国人更加热爱工作，A选项不正确。通过文章第三段Fewer Britons than Norwegians (who came top on work commitment) have professional jobs or degrees.（拥有专业工作或学位的英国人少于挪威人（挪威人在工作承诺方面排名第一），可知，B选项“挪威的职业教育超过了英国”，符合题意。通过文章第五段第二句话“corporatist” states such as Germany, which pay higher benefits to those with a longer work history, may be encouraging positive attitudes to work by such conditionality.（像德国这样的“社团主义”国家会给那些工龄较长的人更好的福利，他们可能通过这样的制约性来鼓励积极的工作态度。），所以德国人会更加投入工作，可推断出C选项“北欧国家的人比德国人对工作更投入”和D选项“包容国家的福利可能比社团主义国家更好”均不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：下列哪一个是文章的最好的标题？文章第一段就指出，工作的目的就是获得报酬。第二段以英国人为例，说明人们对工作的积极性和国家的慷慨程度和福利有关。第三段指出英国人对工作不热情的另一个原因是缺乏技能。第四段指出每个国家对工作态度不同的原因有很多种，强烈的职业道德也是原因之一。第五段以德国的例子说明工作的动力还会受到福利体制的特点影响。文章主要说的是人的工作态度是积极的还是消极的受到方方面面的因素影响，所以本题选B选项“工作态度：不能还是不愿意？”正确。A选项“工作态度：勤奋还是懒惰?”对主旨的概括不够贴切，C、D选项都在说福利待遇，不能全面概括文章内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。10. 单选题Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in World War II and later laid the roots for the CTA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionagespying as a “profession”. These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin，was a tiny Virginia company called Open-Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. S.Straiford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution，a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, well suddenly get 500 new internet sign-ups from Ukraine，” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from back. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success- Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might, be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.1. The emergence of the Net has（ ）.2. Donovans story is mentioned in the text to（ ）.3. The phrase “making the biggest splash” most probably means（ ）.4. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that（ ）.5. Straitford is most proud of its（ ）.问题1选项A.received support from fans like DonovanB.remolded the intelligence servicesC.restored many common pastimesD.revived spying as a profession问题2选项A.introduce the topic of online spyingB.show how he fought for the USC.give an episode of the information warD.honor his unique services to the CIA问题3选项A.causing the biggest troubleB.exerting the greatest effortC.achieving the greatest successD.enjoying the widest popularity问题4选项A.Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB.Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC.Straitfords s business is characterized by unpredictabilityD.Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information问题5选项A.official statusB.nonconformist imageC.efficient staffD.military background【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：网络的出现_。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail，is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），根据前文语境，多诺万的职业就是间谍工作。那么就是说网络的出现改变了间谍活动，B选项“重塑了情报服务系统”，符合题意。网络改变了普通的消遣方式，所以C选项“恢复了许多普通的消遣方式”不正确，A选项“得到了多诺万等粉丝的支持”和D选项“重新把间谍作为一种职业”并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.推理判断题。题干：多诺万的故事在书中提到为了_。因为该题是例证题，开头提到例子，应该去例子之后找论点句。定位到第一段最后一句话These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.（如今，网络已经改变了购书和寄信等日常娱乐活动的消遣方式，也正在改变多诺万从事的职业。），而多万诺之前的职业是间谍工作，所以多诺万的故事就是为了引出下文的网络时代的谍报产业，A选项“介绍网络间谍的话题”，符合题意。文章只在第一段提到多万诺，其余部分都在讨论互联网时代情报工作的巨大变化，所以B选项“展示他如何为美国而战”，C选项“讲一讲信息战的故事”和D选项“表彰他对中央情报局的独特贡献”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.推理判断题。题干：短语“making The biggest splash”的意思大概是_。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一句话Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.（新世界_ 的公司之一是Straitford, Inc.，一家总部设在德克萨斯州奥斯汀的私人情报分析公司。）第二段最后一句介绍了CIA举办的竞赛，并提到其中最大赢家的明显优势在于其对电子领域的掌握。第三段第一句提到Straitford公司的例子，并用“making the biggest splash”描述该公司目前的经营状况。随后两段从不同的方面介绍了公司。第五段最后一句提到Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford公司以发表自己的独立意见为荣）由此可见，Straitford公司是进行公开来源的间谍活动比较成功的一个例子。“make the biggest splash”最引人注目，引起最大的轰动，亦即取得最大的成功。所以C选项“取得了最大的成功”符合题意。A选项“造成了最大的麻烦”，和文章表达的意思相反，B选项“尽最大的努力”和D选项“最受欢迎”，在文中并未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。4.推理判断题。题干：从第4段，我们可以学到_。从第4段，我们得知Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from back. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.（开放来源的情报是有风险的，因为很难区分信息的好坏，而Straitford公司就是靠这个谋生的。），说明该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息。所以D选项“Straitford公司能够提供相当可靠的信息”，符合题意。A选项“事实证明，Straitford公司关于乌克兰的预测是正确的”，文章并没有提及该公司关于乌克兰的推测是否正确，A选项排除。B选项“Straitford公司保证其信息的真实性”，该公司可以帮助人们辨别信息的好坏，但是真实性并未提及，B选项排除。C选项“Straitford公司的业务具有不可预测性”，文章是说开放来源的情报有风险，不可预测，并不是说该公司的业务不可预测，所以C选项也不正确。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.事实细节题。Straitford公司最引以为豪的是_。根据题干定位到文章最后一句话Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might, be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.（Straitford公司的情报不像通常的华盛顿来回推诿，即公司避免引人注目的声明，因为它们可能是错误的。弗里德曼说，Straitford公司以其独立的声音为荣。），显然他们为观点与华盛顿的不一致而骄傲。所以本题选B选项“不墨守成规的形象”符合题意。11. 单选题Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not（ ）for her work.问题1选项A.enough goodB.good enoughC.as good enoughD.good as enough【答案】B【解析】考查enough的用法。enough不能和比较连词as连用，故排除C、D两项。enough修饰名词时，常置于名词之前，修饰形容词或副词时，则置于其后。句意：苏珊工作很努力，但是得到的收入与她的付出不成比例。所以本题选择B选项正确。12. 单选题（ ）dull he may be，he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中，后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管，虽然”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：although he may be dull；B选项whatever“不论什么”，后面应该接名词；C选项as“尽管，正如”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：dull as he may be；句意：无论他多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。13. 单选题（ ）is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge is widely accepted.问题1选项A.That mathematicsB.What mathematicsC.Where mathematicsD.Mathematics【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。_ is one of the most useful and fascinating divisions of human knowledge 充当主句的主语，选项中的mathematics是主语从句的主语。所以前面的主语从句完整不缺成分，只有that引导主语从句，在主语从句中不做成分，且不能省略。句意：数学是人类知识中最有用、最迷人的部分之一，这一点已被广泛接受。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。14. 单选题It is an offence to show（ ）against people of different races.问题1选项A.distinctionB.differenceC.separationD.discrimination【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项distinction“区别，差别”；B选项difference“差异，不同”；C选项separation “分离，分开”；D选项discrimination“歧视，区别”句意：歧视其他种族的人是一种冒犯行为。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。15. 单选题Dont let such a（ ）matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the major issue.问题1选项A.trivialB.partialC.slightD.minimal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”，trivial matter是固定搭配，表示“琐事”；B选项partial“偏爱的，不公平的”；C选项slight“轻微的，少量的”；D选项minimal“最低的，最小限度的”。句意：不要让这件小事造成我们之间的障碍，以便我们能够将精力集中在主要的事情上。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。16. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.An American study played people recordings of actors delivering speeches about climate change. The version that people responded to the best talked about “air pollution” rather than “climate change” because pollution is something visible that they could relate to, with strong connotations of dirtiness and poor health. Climate change is about much more than just dirty air, but finding ways of making climate change more visible is critical. People simply dont worry about things they cant see (or even imagine). One approach that has been used to increase the amount that people use public transport breaks down habits into simple “ifthen” plans. To change a habitual behavior, a person has to identify a goal (drive less, for example), a behavior they want to perform in pursuit of that goal (get the bus to work on Fridays) and a situation that will trigger the behavior (having enough time to catch the bus).【答案】一个美国研究向人们播放演员在做天气转变演讲的录音。人们反应最好的版本谈论的是“空气污染”而不是“气候变化”因为污染是和他们有关的，可以看见的脏乱和对健康的不良影响。气候变化不仅仅是空气污染的问题，但找到让气候变化更加有形的方法是至关重要的。人们只是不担心他们看不见（甚至想象不到）的事情。一种增加人们使用公共交通工具数量的方法是把习惯分解成简单的“如果那么”计划。为了改变一种习惯性行为，一个人必须确定一个目标（比如少开车），一种他们为了追求这个目标想要做的行为（周五坐公共汽车去上班），以及一种能够触发这种行为的情况（有足够的时间去赶公共汽车）。17. 单选题The tooth that is being extracted by the dentist（ ）me for some time.问题1选项A.has hurtB.has been hurtingC.is hurtingD.hurts【答案】A【解析】考查时态。“for+一段时间”一般用现在完成时，“for some time”表示“一段时间以来”，句意：牙科医生正在拔的那颗牙痛了我一段时间了。所以本题选择A选项“has hurt”正确。18. 单选题There seemed little hope that the explorer,（ ）by his guide, would find his way through the jungle.问题1选项A.having been desertedB.having desertedC.to have been desertedD.to be deserted【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词desert和主语explorer是被动关系，B选项having desert“抛弃”表示主动，所以B选项排除，C选项to have been deserted 和D选项to be deserted都表示“将要被抛弃”，A选项having been deserted相当于who had been deserted，用来修饰explorer，表示现在已经被抛弃。句意：那位探险家被向导遗弃后，要找到穿过丛林的路似乎没有什么希望了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。19. 写作题Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 250 words based on the topic “Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment”?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part，provide one or two reasons or your experience (s) to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.【答案】略20. 单选题Many countries have adopted systems of（ ）education in order to promote the average level of education.问题1选项A.constrainedB.compulsoryC.cardinalD.conventional【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constrained“强迫