2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第3期

2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filled up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.” He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump. “The more they buy, the more we lose,” said Randolph, who manages Mr. Eds Chevron in St. Albans. “Gas prices go up, and our profits go down.” His complaints target the so-called interchange fee, a percentage of the sale price paid to credit card companies on every transaction. The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services. As gas tops $4 a gallon, that pushes fees toward 10 cents a gallon. Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.In a good month, Randolphs small operation would yield a $60 profit on gasoline sales. But thats been buried as soaring prices forced the station to pay about $500 a month in interchange fees. “At these prices, people arent making any money,” said Jeff Lenard, spokesman for the Alexandria, Va.-based National Association of Convenience Stores. “Its brutal.” Lenards group reports convenience stores paid roughly $7.6 billion in credit card fees last year, while making $3.4 billion in profits.The credit card companies say fees are just part of the cost of doing business. MasterCard has capped interchange fees for gas purchases of $50 or more, said company spokeswoman Sharon Gamsin. Accepting MasterCard also gives gas stations “increased sales, greater security and convenience, lower labor costs, and speed for their customers at the pump,” Gamsin said in an e-mail to The Associated Press. Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump,” the company said in a statement to the AP.1. Why do some gas station owners no longer accept credit cards?2.What is the average interchange fee paid by gas station owners?3.How much profit does the average gas station owner make on a gallon of gas?4.Visa believes that allowing customers to pay with a credit card offers（ ）to everyone involved.5. When profits are shrinking, they are（ ）.问题1选项A.They are afraid of outdated cards.B.They prefer the instant gratification of getting cash.C.They are afraid of credit fraud.D.They do not want to pay high credit card fees.问题2选项A.About $4.B.About 2%.C.About $60.D.11 to 12 cents.问题3选项A.About 2%.B.About $ 4.C.11 to 12 cents.D.About $60.问题4选项A.tangible threatsB.tangible benefitsC.uncertaintyD.inconvenience问题5选项A.decreasingB.holding steadyC.increasingD.undulating【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词 “no longer accept credit cards” 可以定位到文章第一段中 “When gas station manager Roger Randolph realized it was costing him money each time someone filed up with $4-a-gallon gas, he hung a sign on his pumps: “No more credit cards.”译为：当加油站经理Roger Randolph发现，在4美元一加仑汽油的情况下，每当有人选择加满时，他都会出现负利润，于是他在加油站挂上了“不支持使用信用卡”的标示，以及 “He may be the first in West Virginia to ban plastic, but gas station operators nationwide are reporting similar woes as higher prices translate into higher credit card fees the managers must pay, squeezing profits at the pump.”译为：也许他是西弗吉尼亚州第一位禁止使用信用卡的人，但是全国各地加油站经营者都曾指出过汽油价格的上涨意味着需要支付的信用卡费用更多，因此实际上是对加油站利益的一种压榨。由此可以推断出答案选D。2.细节事实题。由题干中关键词 “average interchange fee”可以定位到文章第一段 “The percentage is fixed, usually at just under 2 percent, but the dollar amount of the fee rises with the price of the goods or services.” 译为：这个比率是固定的，通常不超过2%，但是随着商品和服务价格上涨，这部分费用的总量也会增加。可推断出答案选B。3.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.” 译为：现在，加油站通常在成本的基础上将每一加仑的汽油加价11-12美分，但是它们的利润正在缩水，甚至出现负利润。由此推断答案选C。4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段中Visa argues that the fees are offset “by the tangible benefits to stations and their customers, such as the ability to pay at the pump”，译为：维萨卡方面称，信用卡交换费是可以与其带给加油站和顾客的实实在在的利益相抵消的，例如在加油站的支付能力。由此可推断出答案选B。5.词汇题。根据题干关键词 “shrinking” 定位到文章中第一段最后一句 “Now stations, which typically mark up gasoline by 11 to 12 cents a gallon, are seeing profits shrink or even reverse.”由此可推断出shrink是指利润减少。因此推断出答案选A。2. 单选题I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. Now I am thirty two. I can vaguely remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is. It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity can do strange things to people. It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if hadnt been blind. I believe in life now. I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise, I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left.Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality. The more readily a person is able to make these adjustments, the more meaningful his own private world becomes. The adjustment is never easy. I was bewildered and afraid. But I was lucky. My parents and my teachers saw something in me-a potential to live, you might call it which I didnt see, and they made me want to fight it out with blindness.The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. That was basic. If 1 hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. That is part of it. But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit.It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. Once a man gave me an indoor baseball, I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt. I cant use this. I said. Take it with you, he urged me, and roll it around. The words stuck in my head. Roll it around?. By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. At Philadelphias Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball. We called it ground ball.All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.1.The author of the story lost his eyesight by accident when he was four years old. T/F2.The author thinks that he is very lucky to have become blind because he can do something more meaningful now. T/F3.The author began to adjust himself to the reality of being blind with the help of his parents and teachers. T/F4.The author was never afraid of making any adjustments and his private world thus became more meaningful. T/F5.The author would have become a useless person if he had not learned to believe in himself. T/F6.As a blind man, the author was very nervous every time he went down an unfamiliar staircase alone. T/F7.Once the author was given an indoor baseball, and he felt deeply hurt and became suspicious of people around. T/F8.Learning to play ground ball is just one of the most elementary things that helped strengthen his assurance. T/F9.Whatever goal he set ahead of himself, he was always successful. T/F10.The story tells us that a person can always do something meaningful despite some imperfections in himself or herself. T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:B第10题:A【解析】1.文中第一段“I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head. 当我四岁的时候，我在大西洋城的一个货场里的一辆箱式汽车上掉下来，头撞在地上，失去了视力。”可知该陈述正确。2.由第一段中 “I dont mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes. I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left. 我不是说我宁愿失明，我的意思是，失去它们使我更感激我所留下的。”可推知“作者不以自己失明而庆幸”，故该陈述“作者认为自己失明是非常幸运的，因为现在他可以做一些更有意义的事情”不正确。3.由第二段中第一句“Life, I believe, asks a continuous series of adjustments to reality.我相信，生活要求对现实进行一系列持续的调整”及最后一句中“ .they made me want to fight it out with blindness.他们（即我的父母和老师）让我想与失明作斗争”可推断该陈述“在他的父母和老师的帮助下，作者开始调整自己接受失明的现实”正确。4.由第二段中“I was bewildered and afraid.我感到困惑和害怕” ，知该陈述“The author was never afraid of making any adjustments.作者从未害怕做任何调整” 与原文不符；故该陈述不正确。5.由第三段中 “If I hadnt been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life. 如果我未曾那样做，我会崩溃，我会在前门廊的摇椅上度过我的余生”知该陈述中“如果他曾经没有学会相信自己，那么作者将成为一个无用的人”正确。6.由第三段中 “The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself. 我要学的最难的一课就是相信自己。”及“When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. 当我说相信自己的时候，我并不是简单地说那种自信，它能帮助我独自走下陌生的楼梯。”可推断“在学会相信自己之前，作者对单独走下一个不熟悉的楼梯是不自信的”，故该陈述“作为 一个盲人，在平时独自走下一个不熟悉的楼梯时，作者曾经每次都非常紧张”正确。7.由第四段中“I thought he was mocking me and I was hurt.我认为他正在嘲笑我， 我也因此受到伤害”及“This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball. 这给了我一个想法，如何实现一个我认为不可能的目标：打棒球。”知该陈 述不正确。8.由倒数第二段中 “It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance. It had to start with the most elementary things. 我花了几年时间才发现并加强了这种确信。 它必须从最基本的东西开始”及作者随后举例称“自己学会打自己发明的地滚球(即棒球)”可推知“学会打地滚球是帮助作者巩固确信的一个最基本的事情之一”，故该陈述是正确的。9.由最后一段中 “I had to learn my limitations. It was no good to try for something I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure.我必须认识到自己的局限。去尝试那些一开始就知道根本无法实现的目标是没有好处的， 因为那样只会带来失败的痛苦”可推断“无论他的目标是什么，他总是成功的。”该陈述不正确。10.由最后一段中 “I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress.不管怎样，虽然我有时会失败，但总的来说我取得了进步。”及 “作者学会了打先前认为自己做不到的地滚球可推知这个“故事告诉我们：即使自身不完美，但是一个人总能做一些有 意义的事情”该陈述正确。3. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “beautiful”. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last otter I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as thought it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat, I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the cradle light to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.The author of the story has been in sleep for the last few weeks.2.A woman in the marketplace comes into my mind because she reminded me of my childhood.3.The woman was selling skirts with designs of squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.4.The author could speak some Laotian though she did not speak it well.5.Bargaining is a custom in Asia and the author did not know how to do it.6.The author had wanted to buy one skirt, but she ended up with three because the skirts were so cheap and pretty.7.The author felt happy after the purchase because she had paid for the skirts at the price set so that the woman could make some money through this large purchase.8.The author surely comes from another part of Asia because she knows how to behave well in local culture.9.The woman in the market actually understood the author perfectly and knew very well that she liked those ribbons.10.The author cried eventually when she looked at the skirts because she was deeply moved by the womans generous spirit.问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes.译为：在过去的几个星期，我一直都害怕入睡。 终于我实在是因为太累而入睡了，但是却也只是眯了几分钟。可知此题应选择F。2.根据题干定位到文章第三段 “In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood.”译为：在她的头发中有三个丝带，分别是蓝色、绿色和 白色。这让我想起了童年的美好时光。因此题干表述错误，是姑娘头上的丝带让作者想到了童年的美好时光，而不是姑娘本身，选F。3.由题干可定位到文章第五段 “I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.” 译为：我重新把目光投向裙子，这些裙子上面粉红色和绿色丝带呈现出方形、三角形和圆形。题干表述正确，故选T。4.由题干可定位到文章第四段中 “I dont speak Laotian very well”中文翻译为：我的老挝语说得不好。以及第六段中 “She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers.” 中文翻译为：对于我能说一些他们国家的语言她感到非常开心，虽然我说的只是一些数字。可推断出作者能够说一些老挝语，虽然说得不怎么好，故选T。5.根据题干定位到文章中第五段 “I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia.”，中文翻译为“我决定将其中的一条裙子实回 去，并且开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲国家，讨价还价是一种习俗”。因此可知题干的前半部分表述正确，后半部分错误。故选F。6.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.”，中文翻译为：这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开。可以推测出作者是因为觉得价格太低了想要补偿，于是多买了两条。题干表述错误，故选F。7.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.”中文翻译为：这是数月以来我第一次感到精神放松，几乎感到有些高兴。再联系上一题的分析。可以得知题干表述正确，选T。8.题干的中文翻译为：作者肯定来自亚洲的另一个地方，因为她知道在当地文化中如何举止得体。而文章内容并没有提及到该方面，故选F。9.题干的中文翻译为：市场上的女人其实完全理解作者，而且知道得很清楚作者喜欢那些丝带。根据文章内容可知这是正确的，故选T。10.题干的中文翻译为：当作者最终看到裙子时哭了，因为她被这个女人的慷慨精神深深感动。从文章中最后一段中 “There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry.”中文翻译为：对于她这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了可知作者最终是因为被这位老挝姑娘的慷慨精神深深感动，故选T。4. 单选题While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commissions report, titled Prisoners of Time, calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. Time should serve children instead of children serving time, the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to world-class standards will require more time for classroom instruction. We have been asking the impassible of our students-that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects, it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year, says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days.For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools, says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “Butif reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is mentioned in