2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题52（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-首都师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The thieves （ ）the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for the ring.问题1选项A.spreadB.scratchedC.scatteredD.burned【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。spread传播，散布；scratch搔，抓；scatter all over the floor 满地皆是；burn燃烧 。句意：小偷找钻戒的时候，把废纸弄得满屋都是。由“searching for the ring”可知小偷为了找到戒指会满屋子翻箱倒柜，把废纸弄得到处都是。答案C2. 写作题People all over the world spend time surfing the Internet. Sometimes, surfing the Internet has replaced more active pastimes such as sports or visiting with friends.Write a composition of no less than 250 words and discuss, whether life on Internet has had a good or bad effect on peoples daily life.Your composition should be based on the following outline:.Good effect.Bad effect.Conclusion. 【答案】The Internet and Its Effects on Peoples Daily LifeThroughout the 20thcentury, as one of the most advanced innovations ill the area of information technology, Internet has exerted an extremely important influence on peoples production and social activities. In recent years, were witnessed a rapid growth in the popularity of Internet and we may say, we have already entered the Internet era. Whether, however, life on Internet has a good or bad effect on peoples daily life? Admittedly, there are both advantages and disadvantages.Definitely, its convenience and practicality are of great significance for us. Firstly, it is Internet that makes it possible for people to adapt to the rapid development of high-tech society and to be provided with the availability of knowledge and information from all over the world. With its richness of information, the Internet provided us with chances to know about the world and to expand our horizon without leaving home. In addition, the internet connects the computers around the world, and people can talk with and see each other easily and cheaply, even across the ocean. Moreover, many hospitals and train stations have opened their own ticket booking systems to reduce the length of the queue before their owns to reduce.However, Internet is also like a double-edged sword. At first, in the spare time, People prefer to surf the Internet all the day rather than do some outdoor activities with their friends, such as having a picnic or playing football. It may be a dangerous signal that less communication in actual life is bringing about coldness of interpersonal relationships. Besides, there are some bad guys who may take advantage of the internet to do something bad, such as spreading porn materials to the children, abducting naive girls through online chatting rooms, and making school age boys addict to the online games.In conclusion, Internet is the trend in our daily life. We can benefit most from it only if we take good advantages of Internet and try to be careful enough to keep the potential bad effects away. 3. 单选题I would never have （ ）a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。seek for“寻求，追求”；account for“对做出解释”；turn up “出现，发生”；resort to “依靠，求助于，诉诸”。句意：如果我没到如此绝望的地步，我是不会诉诸法律的。根据前后句意可知D项符合，答案D4. 单选题This border incident led to the two countries （ ）diplomatic relations in 1965.问题1选项A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。break up “打碎，分手”； finish “完成”； cut out“切断，删去”； break off “中断”。句意：这次边境冲突导致这两个国家在1965年中断了外交关系。由border incident可推知这两国中断了外交关系。答案D5. 单选题Mary was sure to win the prize. Her beauty and intelligence made her （ ）from the candidates.问题1选项A.show offB.stand outC.appear upD.distinguish out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。show off “炫耀”；stand out “突出，脱颖而出”； appear up“出现”； distinguish out “分辨出”。句意：Mary肯定能获奖。她的美丽和聪明将让她从候选者中脱颖而出。由前半句以及Her beauty and intelligence可知她的外貌和才智将使她从候选者中脱颖而出。答案B6. 单选题The fire was finally brought under control, but not （ ）extensive damage had been caused.问题1选项A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.as【答案】A【解析】考查介词辨析。 before “在之前”；since “自以来”；after“在之后”； as“因为”。句意：尽管这场火灾最终得到了控制，但仍然造成了大量的损害。由but not转折否定关系可知火灾已经造成了大量损害，大量损害发生在前，火灾控制在后。故A项正确。7. 单选题The remarkable （ ）of life on the Galapagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin toestablish his theory of evolution.问题1选项A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。classification “分类，类别”； variety “多样化”；density “密度”；diversion “转移，消遣”。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生物显著的多样性激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论。由后半句“激发了达尔文去建立自己的进化论”可推知该岛上的生物是多样的。答案B8. 单选题For more than 20 years, weve been supporting educational programs that （ ）from kindergartens to colleges.问题1选项A.spreadB.shiftC.moveD.range【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。 range from “从到（一个范围）”； spread from “从传播”； shift from “从转移”； move from “从搬走”。句意：20多年以来，我们一直在支持从幼儿园到大学的教育项目。该句表示从幼儿园到大学这个跨度范围，故D项正确。9. 单选题Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, （ ）the same company.问题1选项A.all elseB.much worseC.less likelyD.let alone【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。all else “其他所有”；much worse “更差”；less likely “最不可能的是”；let alone“更不必说”。句意：当今人们越来越不希望一生只干同样的工作，更不用说只待在一家公司了。D项符合句意，答案D10. 单选题Sams close （ ）to his brother made people mistake them for one another.问题1选项A.accuracyB.confusionC.probabilityD.resemblance【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。accuracy“精确性”；confusion“混乱”；probability “可能性”； resemblance“相似”。句意：Sam跟他兄弟长得很像，人们经常把他们弄混。D项符合题意，答案D11. 翻译题教育无所不在，可以在任何场合进行，可以在淋浴时，也可以在工作中；可以在厨房里，也可以在拖拉机上，教育既包括在学校的正规学习，也包括整个非正规学习的过程。从德高望重的爷爷奶奶到在电视上就时政展开唇枪舌战的人们；从年幼的孩子到著名的科学家都可以是教育者。一个人从婴儿时期起就开始接受教育。教育是一项终身的活动，是人的一生中自始至终不可或缺的组成部分。【答案】Education exists almost everywhere. It can be given on any occasion, for example, when you are taking a shower, or doing a job, and even when you are in the kitchen or on a tractor. Education includes not only the regular attending school for learning, but also the non-normal learning off school. Everyone can be an educator, from the highly-respected grandparents to the critics who have spurred a strong debate on current politics on TV and from young kids to well-known scientists, etc. One receives education from infancy. Education, as a life-long activity, is all the way the indispensable part of ones life.12. 单选题In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product theyre looking for.Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability.Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier, says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet.Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to pull customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to push information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the PointCast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a companys Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starling to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offering，or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. Thats a prospect that horrifies Net purists.But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.1.What do we learn about the present web business?2.Established partners are preferred in web business because（ ）.3.Net purists are most worried that（ ）.4.What can be inferred about A?问题1选项A.Web business is no longer in fashionB.Business-to-business sales are the trend.C.Web business is prosperous in the consumer market.D.Many companies still lack confidence in web business.问题2选项A.they are more creditable than othersB.they specify the products they wantC.they have access to the companys private intranetD.they are capable of conducting online transactions问题3选项A.only the requested information conies to the screenB.the net is filled with commercial promotionC.the difference between the Wed and TV will fadeD.push technology will dominate the screen问题4选项A.Its success is attributed to push strategies.B.It is prosperous without push strategies.C.It is highly concerned about the cost of computing power.D.It is a good example of the flourishing online business.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。第2段开头的Nonetheless表明该句与首段提到的内容有转折关系：Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because（尽管如此，许多公司仍然对使用网络犹豫不决，因为），因此D项“许多公司对网络商务依然缺少自信”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由第二段because of doubts about its reliability.及最后一句“Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the companys private intranet. 一些公司通过只与已建立业务的伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险，这些业务伙伴可以访问公司的私有内部网。”可知商家为了减轻风险，会选择与建立了合作关系的固定合作伙伴交易，因为他们更值得信赖。”答案A第3题:细节事实题。第3段末句开头的Thats a prospect表明前面提到的内容就是使网络净化者觉得担忧的问题，上文说网络广告不应像电视那样不请自来，由此可见，网络净化者最担心的是以后电脑屏幕会被不请自来的广告占据，因此D为本题答案。关键不在于“网络中满是商业促销”，而是“push technology（广告推送）”。第4题:推理判断题。由第四段首句“But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money.不靠推销策略赚钱也是可行的。”接着例举亚马逊的成功案例，可知答案B13. 单选题Nobody can （ ）her from marrying him, for she always has her own way.问题1选项A.preventB.preserveC.presentD.prevail【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。prevent“妨碍，制止”；preserve“保护，保养”；present “赠送”；prevail“盛行”。句意：没人能阻止她嫁给他，因为她总是我行我素。根据上下文关系，可知答案A14. 翻译题很多情况下人们谈话时，总是争着表现自己，这类交谈对双方鲜有裨益。当人们谈话时，不要花时间思考你接着要说什么，而要设法搞懂他们说的是什么，什么样的经历才使他们说了那些话，你从那些话中能学到什么，你对说那些话的人又能了解到什么等等。长辈们成长的世界和你成长的世界迥然不同，那个世界也许你不大了解。他们和来自我国其他地区及其他国家的人们都有重要的观察事物的方法，它们可以丰富你的生活。【答案】In many cases, people in a conversation often strive to reveal oneself, such conversation will have few benefits to each other. During a conversation, dont spend the time thinking about what youre going to say next, instead try to understand what theyre saying, what experience is behind their remarks, what you can learn from them, etc. Older people grow up in a world which is very different from yours, you may not know very well about that world. Both them and people from other parts of our country as well as from other nations, have important ways of looking at things which can enrich your life. 15. 单选题Alone in the deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt（ ） lonely.问题1选项A.nothing butB.anything butC.all butD.everything but【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 nothing but只有，只不过； anything but根本不，决不；all but几乎，差不多。句意：虽然他独自待在一个荒芜的房子里，但他忙于他的研究工作以至于他一点也不感到孤独。由“he was so busy with his research work”可知，他忙于研究，一点也不觉得孤独。答案B16. 单选题In late autumn swallows fly south to much warmer lands, where they can find plenty of the small flying insects on which they（ ）.问题1选项A.are fedB.eatC.relyD.feed【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。feed on“以为食”，燕子以飞虫为食，两者之间是主动的关系，故排除A。句意：在晚秋时节，小燕子向南飞向更暖和的地方，在那里它们能找到许多可以当作食物的小飞虫。答案D17. 单选题While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts, literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area or the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.Fashion behaves as a movement, and on this basis it is different from custom which by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or the so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily his feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, move to its doom.As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or require an ideology. Further, since it does not have a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.1.It is known from the first paragraph that （ ）.2.Which of the following statements is true?3.According to the author, a fashion movement（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement（ ）.问题1选项A.fashion operates in every societyB.fashion is found only in a few fields of group lifeC.fashion originates in a class societyD.people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society问题2选项A.Fashion, as a movement, is static.B.A fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched.C.A fashion will never vanish once it is launched.D.The upper classes play a little role in fashion movements.问题3选项A.will eventually develop into a social organizationB.has little in common with other movementsC.has a powerful leadership guiding itD.has a set of symbols and values问题4选项A.is a form of expressive behaviorB.contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behaviorC.can boost the morale of its participantsD.functions in the same way as specific social movements【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character itdoes not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society. 时尚的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为就其本质而言，它既不发生在像原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。” 可知时尚智慧发生在阶级社会。答案C第2题:细节事实题。由第二段“It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, move to its doom. 正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，并使一位作家评论说，一种时尚，一旦推出，就走向灭亡。”可知答案B第3题:推理判断题。由第三段“As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. 作为一场运动，时尚与我们所考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。”可知时尚运动与其他运动几乎没有相似之处。答案B第4题:推理判断题。此题可用排除法 由“it involves little in the way of crowd behavior.”可排除 B 项；由“No morale is built up among .” 可排除C项；由“As a movement, fashion show little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. 作为一场运动，时尚与我们所考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。”可排除D项。故答案A18. 单选题Womens critical role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been（ ）.问题1选项A.acknowledgedB.emphasizedC.memorizedD.associated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析 。acknowledge“承认”；emphasize“强调，重视”； memorize“记住，背熟”；associate “联想，使发生联系”。句意：妇女在管理自然资源和保护环境方面的关键作用经常更多地被忽视，而不是被承认。由 overlooked more often than 可知空格处填“被承认”更符合逻辑。答案A19. 单选题The morning news says a school bus（ ）with a train at the junction and a group of policemen were sent there immediately.问题1选项A.crashedB.collidedC.bumpedD.struck【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。crash “坠毁、撞坏”；collide “碰撞、抵触、冲突”， 常与with搭配；bump “碰撞、撞击”，常与into连用；strike “打击、罢工、猛击”。句意：据新闻报道，一辆校车在交叉路口与一列火车相撞，警察立即抵达事故现场。B项能与with搭配，故答案B20. 单选题A large portion of the population prefers the non-medication orientation of psychology. If psychologists began prescribing medications, many of their patients seeking alternative treatment might turn to social workers or other non-medical therapists. There is little question that psychologists prescription privileges could have profound effects on the future direction of their profession.In addition to improved esteem, psychologists have argued that prescription privileges will bring them greater financial rewards. Data presented by the American Psychiatric Association revealed that psychiatrists engaging solely in psycho-therapeutic interventions earn approximately one-third of what psychiatrists do who evaluate and medicate patients. The temptation of financial rewards may lure psychologists to abandon traditional psychotherapeutic interventions in favor of a medical model. It should be noted,though, that psychologists are out-producing psychiatrists by about threefold, strong evidence that the general public prefers a psycho-therapeutic approach over a medical one.Some psychologists argue that gaining the right to prescribe psychotropic medication would eliminate the need for two practitioners and alleviate the added financial burden placed upon the patients. In the case of psychologists whose caseloads are high gaining prescription privileges may raise questions as to whether they should refer patients to a non-prescribing mental health professional for therapy because these psychologists increasingly are focusing on evaluations and medication, thus limiting their time for psycho-therapeutic interventions. Psychotropic medications are not purported to cure mental disorders and. in most cases, such drugs are utilized in conjunction with therapy as the best approach to treating patients.Legal and ethical issues associated with psychologists prescribing privileges will depend upon the level of practice they pursue. In the past, psychologists had been relatively immune from malpractice liability. Allegations that improper care caused injury are more difficult to prove when psychotherapy is the treatment of choice because the