2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷5（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Even today, a century after Pasteur developed the first vaccine, rabies almost always kills （ ）in the earliest stages of the disease.问题1选项A.its victims unless inoculatedB.the victims unless there is an inoculationC.the victims unless inoculatedD.its victims unless they are inoculated【答案】B【解析】考查语法结构。unless后面接条件状语从句，首先排除A、C项，句意要表达的是如果受害者能接种疫苗，而不是狂犬病被接种疫苗。句意：即使在今天，巴斯德开发出第一种疫苗后的一个世纪，狂犬病几乎总能杀死受害者，除非在疾病的早期阶段接种疫苗。故B项正确。2. 单选题Taking photographs is strictly（ ）here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.问题1选项A.forbiddenB.rejectedC.excludeD.denied【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。forbidden“严禁的”；rejected“拒绝的”；exclude“排除”；denied“否定”。由后半句内容“拍照会损害珍贵的洞穴壁画”可推知“拍照是被严格禁止的”符合题意。故A项最符合题意。句意：这里严禁拍照，因为这可能会损坏珍贵的洞穴壁画。3. 单选题China will_ smoking in most public places later this year.问题1选项A.banB.fightC.againstD.object【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. ban禁止；取缔 B. fight与斗争C. against反对，违反（介词） D. object 提出作为反对的理由；反对；拒绝【考查点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“反对”的意思。由空格处可知，空格前是助动词will，因此空格处填一个动词。空格后接动词的ing形式。只有A选项ban“禁止”满足这两个条件。因此选项A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项fight加介词加doing sth；C选项against是介词；D选项object的用法是object sth或object to doing sth。以上选项均不搭配。【句意】今年晚些时候，中国将在大部分公共场所禁烟。4. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic of “What Has the Progress of Science and Technology Brought about?. You should write at least 160-180 words.【答案】略5. 翻译题The English language of today reflects many centuries of development. The political and social events that have in the course of English history so profoundly affected the English people in their national life have generally had a recognizable effect on their language. The Roman Christianizing of Britain in 597 brought England into contact with Latin civilization and made significant additions to our vocabulary. The Scandinavian invasions resulted in a considerable mixture of the two peoples and their languages. The Norman Conquest made English for two centuries the language mainly of the lower classes while the nobles and those associated with them used French on almost all occasions. And when English once more regained supremacy as the language of all elements of the population, it was an English greatly changed in both form and vocabulary from what it had been in 1066.【答案】今天的英语反映了许多世纪的发展。在英国历史进程中深刻影响英国人国家生活的政治和社会事件，通常也对他们的语言产生了明显的影响。597年罗马人对不列颠的基督教化使英国接触了拉丁文明，并大大增加了我们的词汇。斯堪的那维亚人的入侵导致了这两个民族及其语言的大量混合。诺曼征服使英语在长达两个世纪的时间里成为下层阶级的主要语言，而贵族和与他们有关的人几乎在所有场合都使用法语。当英语再次成为所有人口的语言时，它的形式和词汇都比1066年发生了巨大的变化。6. 单选题The Wallenstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce（ ）.问题1选项A.that occurred when a childB.that occurred when they were childrenC.that has occurred as each was a childD.occurring when children【答案】B【解析】考查语法。分析句子成分可知空格处所填成分为定语，when引导时间状语从句。句意：瓦伦斯坦的研究表明，即使过了十年，年轻男女仍然会受到父母离婚的影响，这些离婚是在他们还是孩子时发生的。B项符合题意。7. 单选题The old king（ ）. They are making a new king.问题1选项A.was believed to be killedB.is believed being killedC.is believed having been killedD.is believed to have been killed【答案】D【解析】考查语法。由第二句“他们正在选举一位新国王”可知，之前的国王被认为已经杀害了，故用现在完成时的被动，再结合be believed to “被认为”可知D项正确。句意：他们认为之前的国王已经被杀害了，他们正在选举一位新国王。8. 不定项选择题The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under ControlThe Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the government will be able to hold things back for long.As on Norwegian politician said last week “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea. 1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to_.2. The Norwegian Government has tried to_.3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to _.4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be_.5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because _.问题1选项A.provide more jobs for foreign workersB.slow down the rate of its developmentC.sell the oil it is producing abroadD.develop more quickly than at present问题2选项A.encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sourcesB.prevent oil companies employing people from northern NorwayC.held the oil companies solve many of their problemsD.keep the oil industry to something near its present size问题3选项A.the development of industryB.a growth in populationC.the failure of the development programmeD.the development of new towns问题4选项A.a large reduction on unemploymentB.a growth in the tourist industryC.a reduction in the number of existing industriesD.the development of a number of service industries问题5选项A.they form such a large part of Norwegian idealB.their lives and values represent the Norwegian idealC.their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian societyD.they regard off as a threat to the Norwegian way of life【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _. 挪威政府更倾向于石油工业_。A. provide more jobs for foreign workers. A. 为外国工人提供更多的工作机会B. slow down the rate of its development B. 减缓其发展速度C. sell the oil it is producing abroad C. 把它生产的石油卖到国外去D. develop more quickly than at present D. 比现在发展得更快【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息词oil industry可定位到Para.1第一句，该处讲到“挪威政府正在尽最大努力控制石油工业（under control）”，又提到“一项新的法律限制人们（A new law limits）”。可知政府限制石油工业的发展。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“为外国工人提供更多的工作机会”，文中第一段最后提到石油公司雇佣外国工人的数量不得超过限定数量，即减少雇佣工人数量。这里属于反向干扰；C选项“把它生产的石油卖到国外去”，属于无中生有；D选项“比现在发展得更快”，文中说到要限制石油工业的发展，D选项与文章相反，属于反向干扰。2.【选项释义】The Norwegian Government has tried to _. 挪威政府已努力去_。A. encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources A. 鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源B. prevent oil companies employing people from northern NorwayB. 禁止石油公司雇佣挪威北部人C. held the oil companies solve many of their problems C. 控制石油公司解决它们的许多问题D. keep the oil industry to something near its present size D. 使石油工业保持在接近目前规模的水平【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.2第一句，该处讲到“很少有人相信政府能够长期阻止事态发展”，根据上文可知政府在控制石油工业发展。换言之，这里的事态发展就是石油工业发展。这句话的意思是很少有人相信政府能长期阻止石油工业发展。说明政府采取过控制石油工业发展的政策。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“鼓励石油公司发现新的石油资源”，而文中说新的法律限制人们只能在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探，也就是限制人们发现新资源，A选项属于反向干扰；B选项“禁止石油公司雇佣挪威北部人”，文中说到石油工业已经开始吸引人们前往南方但并没有说禁止雇佣北部人，B选项属于无中生有；C选项“控制石油公司解决它们的许多问题”，文中提到的是石油工业解决问题，属于张冠李戴。3.【选项释义】According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to _. 根据这篇文章，石油工业可能会导致挪威北部_。A. the development of industry A. 工业的发展B. a growth in population B. 人口的增长C. the failure of the development programme C. 发展计划的失败D. the development of new towns D. 新市镇的发展【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.4最后一句，该处讲到“不出几年，整个北方政策就可能毁于一旦”。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“工业的发展”，文中说到“一些小的工业甚至会消失（Some smaller industries might even disappear）”属于反向干扰；B选项“人口的增长”，文中说到“石油工业吸引人们前往南方（started to draw people south）”也就是说北部人口会减少。B选项属于反向干扰；D选项“新市镇的发展”，北部人口跑到南方北方应该不会有新城镇的发展，反而是南方可能有新城镇的发展，这属于无中生有。4.【选项释义】In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be _. 在南方，石油工业的发展可能产生的影响是_。A. a large reduction on unemployment A. 失业率大幅下降B. a growth in the tourist industry B. 旅游业的发展C. a reduction in the number of existing industries C. 现有工业数量的减少D. the development of a number of service industries D. 发展一批服务业【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段最后一句，该处讲到“一些较小的工业甚至可能完全消失”。换言之，这些原本存在的小工业会减少。比对选项，C选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“失业率大幅下降”，原文中说到“服务行业和旅游业的大部分工人将会跑到石油工业去。”因为南方发展工业，那么根据原文，从事服务和旅游的人减少，失业率上升，A选项属于反向干扰；B选项“旅游业的发展”，“服务行业和旅游业的大部分工人将会跑到石油工业去。”旅游业不会发展，B选项反向干扰；D选项“发展一批服务业”，也是根据原文中人们发展石油工业导致从事服务和旅游的人减少，不会发展一批服务业，D选项属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because _. 挪威的农民和渔民有重要的影响，因为_。A. they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal A. 他们构成了挪威人理想的很大一部分B. their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal B. 他们的生活和价值观代表了挪威人的理想C. their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society C. 他们的工作对挪威社会很有帮助D. they regard off as a threat to the Norwegian way of life D. 他们认为这是对挪威人生活方式的威胁【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干farmers 和 fishermen可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“挪威人在他们身上看到了许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人本质上的品质。”众所周知，挪威的农业和渔业发展历史悠久，农民和渔民是挪威的代表。比对选项，B选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“他们构成了挪威人理想的很大一部分”，并不是说挪威人的理想是渔民和农民，而是说渔民和农民的生活和价值观代表了他们的理想，A选项属于偷换概念；C选项“他们的工作对挪威社会很有帮助”，文中只是说石油的发展阻碍了渔业农业发展，并没有说他们为什么重要，C选项属于无中生有；D选项“他们认为这是对挪威人生活方式的威胁”，但是文中说的是“关于石油的真正争论是它对挪威人生活方式的威胁”。对生活有威胁的是石油并不是farmers和fishermen。这里属于张冠李戴。9. 单选题He had the good fortune to（ ）with Prof. Wang for 3 years.问题1选项A.studyB.be studyingC.have studiedD.have been studying【答案】C【解析】考查语法。由时间状语“for 3 years”可知该句应该用完成时，故排除AB两项，学习与主语之间是主动的关系，故C项正确。句意：他有幸与王教授一起学习了3年。10. 翻译题The climate of Australia varies greatly from region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much of the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountain ranges help prevent marked extremes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal variations, on the whole, are small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than interior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is the hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and warm summers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。11. 单选题Job hunting is never easy, but what if data could be used to make the process a little less stressful? Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information on peoples professional lives, but there is one organization that surpasses them all: the federal government. Although rich and comprehensive, government labor data can often be hard to access, bound by net tape and cloaked in jargon.“With todays technologies, we can do a lot more to build open data sets for skills,” said Aneesh Chopra, the While Houses first chief technology officer and founder of Arlington-based start-up Hunch Analytics. During his tenure, Chopras role involved making government data more accessible. Its a mission he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts whose focus is firmly on the labor market.A robust economic recovery tempered by flat wages has reinforced the need to connect Americans with higher-paying technology jobs, according to the White House. That was the rationale behind the Presidents new initiative, announced last week, to train and hire Americans for more than 500,000 unfilled information technology jobs through partnerships with local communities.“Theres not a standard, real-time, modern way to identify all the skills our economy needs in play today. Work force and talent planners have a daunting job in ensuring they have a ready-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are.” said Leighanne Levensaler, senior vice president of products at Workday, a human resources software company that was involved in the project.The closest thing to a standard national database is the Labor Departments Occupational Information network Website, known as O* Net. Built in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace with the changing job market, according to Copra and Levensaler.A push to modernize O* Net is the groups next big undertaking. The Presidents 2016 budget proposal includes a $ 5 million request to study and test approaches modernize and potentially streamline data collection for O* Net. The measure seeks to “provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries.” Chopra convened a roundtable of government officials, academics and private-sector executives last month to discuss measures to improve O* Net. Workday and LinkedIn are among the companies interested in the effortwhich is still at a conceptual stage, Chopra said.To open-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. “No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has the capacity to get every employer in America to open up their skills data for every job posting,” he said, “The government has the capacity to convene stakeholders to open up the data.”1.In what respect is the company database inferior to that of federal government?2.The passage implies that Aneesh Chopra（ ）.3.Which of the following statements would Leighanne be most likely to agree with?4.We can infer from the passage that O* Net（ ）.5.In the last paragraph, Chopra emphasizes（ ）.问题1选项A.AmplitudeB.AccessibilityC.IntegrityD.Authority问题2选项A.serves as the White Houses chief technology officerB.sets up a company on the basis of government dataC.sticks to the improvement of government data setsD.hires a group of experts on behalf of the government问题3选项A.The government should issue information about higher-paying vacancies.B.It is impossible to include all kinds of professional skills in database.C.Workforce should be prepared at any time for jobs in great need.D.More information helps planners to connect work force with positions.问题4选项A.functions as a standard national databaseB.tries to compile the change of job dataC.gets financial support from the governmentD.attracts companies into the update project问题5选项A.the importance of information technologyB.the governments role as an organizerC.the necessity of opening up job databaseD.the limitation of all information companies【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Companies such as Linkedin and M hold vast amounts of information on peoples professional lives, but there is one organization that surpasses them all: the federal government. Linkedin和M等公司拥有大量有关人们职业生活的信息，但有一个机构的信息比它们都多：联邦政府。”可知联邦政府比其他公司的数据库的信息要多。故A项正确。Amplitude丰富性，充足；Accessibility 获取性；Integrity 完整性 ；Authority权威性。2.推理判断题。由第二段“During his tenure, Chopras role involved making government data more accessible. Its a mission he has continued after his departure, assembling a band of public officials, tech entrepreneurs and think-tank analysts whose focus is firmly on the labor market. 在乔普拉的任期内，他的职责是让政府数据更容易获取。离职后，他一直在继续这项使命，组建了一群专注于劳动力市场的政府官员、科技企业家和智库分析师。”可知C项“坚持改进政府数据库”正确。3.推理判断题。由第四段“Work force and talent planners have a daunting job in ensuring they have a ready-now workforce, so the more data they can get, the better informed they are. 劳动力和人才规划人员要确保他们拥有现成的劳动力，这是一项艰巨的任务，因此他们能得到的数据越多，就越了解情况。”可知D项“更多的信息有助于规划人员将劳动力与职位联系起来”正确。A项“政府应该发布高薪职位的信息”；B项“数据库中不可能包含所有的专业技能”；C项“劳动力应该在任何时候为有巨大需求的工作做好准备”文中都未提及。4.推理判断题。由第五段“Built in the 1990s, the site compiles data on more than 900 occupations, with details about job skills, average compensation and a search tool to find jobs by state. But although the site is continually updated, it has been slow to keep pace with the changing job market, according to Copra and Levensaler. 该网站创建于上世纪90年代，收集了900多个职业的数据，包括工作技能、平均薪酬等细节，以及一个按州找工作的搜索工具。但据科帕拉和利文塞勒说，尽管该网站不断更新，但仍跟不上就业市场变化的步伐。” “The measure seeks to provide up-to-date coverage of occupations and skills, particularly for high-growth, changing industries. 该措施旨在提供最新的职业和技能，特别是高增长、变化的行业。”可知该公司想实时更新职位信息。故B项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“To open-data advocates such as Chopra, theres no better time to harness the power of information for the economy. No one company, no matter how amazing they are, has the capacity to get every employer in America to open up their skills data for every job posting, he said, The government has the capacity to convene stakeholders to open up the data.对于Chopra这样的公开数据倡导者来说，现在是驾驭信息力量促进经济发展的最佳时机。他说: 没有一家公司，不管他们有多了不起，有能力让美国的每一个雇主公开他们的技能数据。而政府有能力召集利益相关者公开这些数据。”可知Chopra强调政府在使雇主公开技能数据过程中的重要性。故B项正确。12. 翻译题Humans are the only surviving hominin（人亚科原人）species and are distinct from other hominin species in our unique combination of complex material culture, social behavior, bodily characteristics, and intelligence. We will here refer only to anatomically modern humans or Homo sapiens as “humans.” These are people we would call “people” if we were to stand eye-to-eye with one of them. To put it another way, if we traveled back in a time machine to 200,000 years ago we would probably recognize the upright walking beings as human beings (even though they probably did not yet use language or symbolism like we do), but there is no guarantee that we would connect the same way with anything living before that, not necessarily even with Neanderthals who lived side by side with some human populations until 30,000 years ago. Although some scientists refer to everything within the human genus (Homo) as “humans,” we will reserve that title for ourselves only.【答案】人类是唯一幸存的古人类（人亚科原人）物种，与其他古人类物种不同的是，我们独特地结合了复杂的物质文化、社会行为、身体特征和智力。我们在这里只将解剖学上的现代人或智人称为“人类”。如果我们和他们中的一个面对面站着，我们就会称他们为“人”。换句话说,如果我们乘坐时光机回到200000年前我们可能会认识到作为人类直立行走的人(尽管他们可能还不像我们使用语言或象征意义) ，但不能保证我们会以同样的方式与之前的任何生物联系在一起，甚至不一定是与尼安德特人，他们直到3万年前还与一些人类生活在一起。虽然有些科学家把人类属(人)的一切都称为“人类”，但我们只把这个头衔留给我们自己。13. 单选题An airplane（ ）in the mountain.问题1选项A.crashedB.smashedC.clashedD.crushed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。crash“损毁，坠毁”；smash“粉碎，使破产”；clash“发出撞击声，碰撞”；crush“压坏，损坏”。句意：飞机在山区坠毁了。A项符合题意。14. 不定项选择题One of the simplest and best known kinds of crystal is the ionic salt, of which a typical example is sodium chloride, or ordinary table