2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷81

2022年考博英语-西安交通大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Because of his noble origin, he claimed, he was （ ） to a social position high above those of the commons.问题1选项A.providedB.creditedC.grantedD.entitled【答案】C【解析】be provided被提供；to be credited to相信, 把.归功于；be granted to被授予；有权；be entitled to有的资格。句意：他声称自己由于出身高贵被授予比一般人高的社会地位。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Sleep is a funny thing. Were taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo last month reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldnt have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a persons motor persons motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often dont think twice about operating without enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories,” says Jays Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a Jersey barrier on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”Agrawals organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York States regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government.”The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is a place for doctors, patients are on their own. If youre worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ） .2.Speaking of the sleep problems doctors face, the author implies that （ ） .3.Paragraphs 3 and 4 are written to （ ） .4.By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government”(line 6, paragraph 5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that（ ） .5.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.people who sleep than 8 hours a day are more prone to illnessB.poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorderC.stroke is often associated with sleepD.too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep问题2选项A.doctors often need little sleep to keep them energeticB.doctors sleep is deprived by residentsC.doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problemsD.sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicated问题3选项A.entertain the audience with some anecdotesB.discuss the cause of doctors sleep problemsC.show the hostility doctors harbor against their patientsD.exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep问题4选项A.doctors should not abide by governments regulationsB.the government is interfering too muchC.the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specificD.law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can问题5选项A.Patients should control the hours of their doctors.B.Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors.C.Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately-rested.D.People concerned have the right to remove their doctors from their positions.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，经常每天睡眠超过8小时且仍然感到疲倦的人死于中风的可能性几乎是正常人的三倍这可能是一种使他们无法睡得安稳的潜在疾病的结果。也就是说，睡眠质量差可能是身体失调的征兆。选项B符合原文。2.根据第二段的最后一句：医生认为在醉酒的状态下进行手术理应被开除，但在睡眠不足的情况下他们却不会再三考虑。选项C符合原文。3.根据三四段的内容可知，这两段主要是讲医生因为睡眠不足带来的危害，所以选项D正确。4.根据倒数第二段的内容，病人和医生安全与保护法案效仿纽约州的规定，包括每周工作80小时和24小时轮班限制。然而，大多数医生拒绝这种干预。密歇根大学高级外科住院医生Charles Binkley认为“医生应该受到良心的约束，而不是政府的约束。”所以选项正确。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是医生睡眠不足带来的危害，所以选项C最能概括全文。3. 单选题I grew up in my parents pub in England where there was always a lot of drama, and all the dramafights, flirting, tears, tantrumsrevolved around love. I also watched my parents destroy their own love for each other. Since that time Ive been on a mission to figure out exactly what love is. My mother described it as “a funny five minutes.” Its also been called a mysterious mix of sentiment and sex, or a combination of infatuation and companionship. Well, its more than that.My personal insights, gleaned from researching and counseling more than a thousand couples over 35 years, have now merged with a growing body of scientific studies, to the point where I can now say with confidence that we know what love is. Its intuitive and yet not necessarily obvious: Its the continual search for a basic, secure connection with someone else. Through this bond, partners in love become emotionally dependent on each other for nurturing, soothing, and protection.We have a wiredin need for emotional contact and responsiveness from significant others. Its a survival response, the driving force of the bond of security a baby seeks with its mother. This observation is at the heart of attachment theory. A great deal of evidence indicates that the need for secure attachment never disappears; it evolves into the adult need for a secure emotional bond with a partner. Think of how a mother lovingly gazes at her baby, just as two lovers stare into each others eyes.Although our culture has framed dependency as a bad thing, a weakness, it is not being attached to someone provides our greatest sense of security and safety. It means depending on a partner to respond when you call, to know that you matter to him or her, that you are cherished, and that he will respond to your emotional needs.The most basic tenet of attachment theory is that isolationnot just physical isolation but emotional isolationis traumatizing for human beings. The brain actually codes it as danger. Gloria Steinem once said a woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle. Thats nonsense.The drama of love that I saw played out at the bar each night as a child is all about the human hunger for safe emotional connection, a survival imperative we experience from the cradle to the grave. Once we do feel safely linked with our partner, we can tolerate the hurts they will inevitably inflict upon us in the course of daily life.1.The word “drama” (line 1&2, paragraph 1 )can be best replaced by（ ）.2.We can infer that（ ）.3.The need for emotional contact and responsiveness from significant others is（ ）.4.According to the author,（ ）.5.This passage（ ）.6.We can infer that the British culture（ ）.7.According to the author, there has been a great deal of evidence that the need for secure emotional attachment is（ ）.8.When we feel safely linked with our partner（ ）.问题1选项A.highly emotional eventsB.dramatic works performed on a stageC.literaryworks acted on a stageD.dramatic arguments问题2选项A.the authors parents were divorcedB.the author is marriedC.love for a couple exists only for 5 minutesD.love is infatuation and companionship问题3选项A.strongB.sometimes weakC.regularD.developed over time问题4选项A.love is marked intuitionB.dependency is not a weaknessC.attachment theory can explain everything about loveD.isolation is tolerable for lovers问题5选项A.clarifies the misconceptions about loveB.describes the most basic tenet of loveC.studies love from the perspective of scienceD.redefines the concept of love问题6选项A.discourages physical isolationB.encourages emotional attachmentC.is supportive of dependencyD.endorses independence问题7选项A.short-livedB.everlastingC.less intenseD.fading way gradually问题8选项A.we will not argue with him or herB.whatever our partner says or does matters a lot to usC.the physical and emotional isolation is bearableD.we will tolerate the hurts they will inflict on us【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:D【解析】1.根据第一段第一句“all the dramafights, flirting, tears, tantrumsrevolved around love.”可知, 这些都是和情绪相关的时间, 所以选项A正确。2.根据第一段第二句“I also watched my parents destroy their own love for each other.”可推测, 作者的父母离婚了。选项A正确。选项B在文中没有信息提及。选项C和D是作者母亲的看法。3.根据第三段第一句“We have a wiredin need for emotional contact and responsiveness from significant others.”可知, 这种需求是强烈的, 选项A正确。4.根据第四段第一句“Although our culture has framed dependency as a bad thing, a weakness, it is not, being attached to someone provides our greatest sense of security and safety.”可知, 作者认为依赖不是弱点, 选项B正确。选项A表述不完整；选项C表述太绝对；选项D也不正确。5.作者在第一段提出母亲对爱的看法, 下文给出了自己的见解, 这是对爱的概念重新进行定义, 所以选项D最恰当。6.根据第四段第一句“Although our culture has framed dependency as a bad thing, a weakness,.”可知, 这里的文化指的就是英国文化, 他们认为依赖是一件坏事, 是一个弱点。也就是说他们认可独立自主, 选项D符合原文。7.根据第三段第四句“A great deal of evidence indicates that the need for secure attachment never disappears.”大量证据表明, 对安全感的需求从未消失, 也就是持久的, 选项B正确。8.根据最后一段最后一句“Once we do feel safely linked with our partner, we can tolerate the hurts they will inevitably inflict upon us in the course of daily life.”可知选项D与原文表述一致。4. 单选题Her white blouse was terribly （ ） with ink as the ink bottle overturned and spilt over.问题1选项A.markedB.mergedC.stainedD.colored【答案】C【解析】mark标志, 做记号；merge合并, 融合；stain被污染, 玷污；color粉饰, 给.涂颜色。根据句意可知, 这里指她的白衬衫被墨水污染, 所以选项C正确。5. 单选题There are three important causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to （1 ） a war or （2 ） social programs, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenue, thus creating a deficit. In order to （3 ） this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply （4 ） the money supply by issuing more paper money to return the debts of the government. This increase in the money supply will cause the value of the dollar to （5 ） decrease. The second cause of inflation will occur when the money supply increases faster than the supply of goods. If people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods like television and computers, for example, and a shortage will be the result, industry will then produce more, at higher prices, to （6 ） the demand, （7 ） if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high （8 ） rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that workers wages （9 ） to suit the high cost of living, industry will meet this demand and add other costs of production on the （10 ） . Of these three causes, excessive government spending may be the most important.问题1选项A.payB.financeC.rouseD.provide问题2选项A.carry offB.carry awayC.carry outD.carry, over问题3选项A.accomplishB.offsetC.compensateD.achieve问题4选项A.expandB.extendC.expendD.offend问题5选项A.excessivelyB.automaticallyC.approximatelyD.appropriately问题6选项A.supplyB.implyC.occupyD.meet问题7选项A.OtherwiseB.HenceC.HoweverD.Moreover问题8选项A.interestsB.interestedC.interestingD.interest问题9选项A.should increaseB.be increasedC.are increasedD.will be increased问题10选项A.employerB.managerC.employeeD.consumer【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B第6题:D第7题:D第8题:D第9题:B第10题:D【解析】（1）根据句意可知, 这里指资助战争, 只有选项B能与之搭配。（2）carry off夺去, 使丧命；carry away运走, 使失去自制力；carry out 实施, 执行；carry over留到以后处理, 继续存在。能与社会项目搭配的只有选项C。（3）offset the deficit为固定搭配, 指“弥补财政赤字”, 选项B正确。（4）根据句意：财政部可以通过发行更多的纸币, 简单地扩大货币供应, 以此来偿还政府的债务来。只有选项A符合句意。（5）excessively过分地, 极度；automatically自动地；approximately大约, 近似地；appropriately适当地, 相称地”。句意：货币供应量的增加将使美元随之贬值。这种变化是无意识的, 所以选项B更恰当。（6）meet the demand为固定搭配, 指“满足需求”, 选项D正确。（7）结合上下文, 上句提到如果人们有更多的钱就会扩大消费, 导致物资缺乏, 工厂会扩大生产, 提高价格来满足需求；下句提到如果人们看到商品价格上涨也会买, 甚至不惜借高利贷来支付。下句讲述更深一层的结果, 前后构成递进的关系, 所以选项D正确。（8）interest rates为常用词组搭配, 意为“利率”, 选项D正确。（9）考查虚拟语气, 虚拟语气中与将来事实相反, 从句中用“should+动词原形”, 且should可以省略。这里wages与increase是被动关系, 所以选项B正确。（10）根据句意可知, 企业提高工人工资, 将产品成本转移到了顾客也就是消费者的身上, 选项D符合原文语境。6. 写作题For this part you are required to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following topic. Please write your composition clearly on the Answer Sheet provided.TOPIC: In China there is a group of girls called leftover girls, generally referring to those girls who are well beyond the normal marriage age but still remain single, and who also usually have a higher salary, and advanced academic degree. In reality, it is not that they cannot find a partner from many. There are various reasons. Please analyze this social phenomenon from your own point of view. Please use enough support to illustrate your position. 【答案】My View on “Leftover Girls”7. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. And that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Light. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is new possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through: the eyeball. No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now he tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can he treated medically.1.After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ） .2.The laser beam is so strong because（ ） .3.Surgeons can now carry out operations which （ ） .4.The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that （ ） .问题1选项A.medical help became available for industrial workersB.the study of art went through a complete revolutionC.more and more surgeons began using surgical instrumentsD.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题2选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题3选项A.can be performed successfully only on the human eye.B.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to the patients themselves问题4选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve considerablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世纪60年代，一种新工具被开发出来，它首先对军队和工业有很大的实用价值，同时也及时地使手术发生了革命性的改变。这种工具就是激光。选项中只有选项D符合原文。2.根据第二段的最后两句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，本来不比普通电灯泡产生的能量多的光，在集中成为针尖大小的光束后，就会变得非常强。选项A符合原文。3.根据第三段最后一句“ No knives no stitches, no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder.”不用手术刀，不用缝针，没有不必要的伤害真正的外科奇迹。选项D符合原文。4.根据最后一段的内容可知，也许有些癌症可以用激光治疗，这只是作者的推测，并没有真正实现，所以选项A和D错误；将来我们可以看到越来越多需要用药物治疗的病可以用激光治疗，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确；只有选项B符合原文。8. 写作题Different people have different ideas about “future”. Some people understand it as pain and death; some believe it means hope and expectation; still others regard it as somewhere you reach within an hour of sixty minutes. What is your own idea and how would you support it? Write a composition about it of at least 150 words. You can either use the given title “FUTURE”, or make some slight changes as you like.【答案】My Future9. 单选题Penguins do not suffer from the cold in Antarctica because their feathers （ ） a protective oil.问题1选项A.secreteB.warmC.hideD.absorb【答案】A【解析】secrete藏匿, 分泌；warm使.温暖；hide隐藏；absorb吸收, 承受。句意：企鹅在南极洲不受寒冷的影响, 因为它们的羽毛分泌一种保护性的油。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Critics of early schooling cite research that questions whether 4-year-old children are ready to take on formal learning. Educators find that （1 ） toddlers are more likely to succeed during their school careers. （2 ） their younger counterparts are more likely to（3 ） . Kindergarten children who turn five during the （4 ） half of the year seem to be at a disadvantage when it （5 ） physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. Additionally, children who are nearly six when they enter kindergarten （6 ） to receive better grades and score higher on achievement （7 ） throughout their schooling experience （8） do those who begin kindergarten having just turned five. Being bright and verbally skillful and being ready for school do not seem to be the （9 ） thing. It is easy to confuse the superficial poise and sophistication of many of todays children （10 ） inner maturity. Indeed, evidence suggests that early schooling boomerangs. Youngsters （11 ） parents push them to attain academic success in preschool are less creative, have （12 ） anxiety about tests, and, by the end of kindergarten, fall to maintain their initial academic advantage （13 ） their less-pressured peers.Many psychologists and educators remain skeptical of approaches tha