2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷63

2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The police, trying to（ ）exactly who was at the party, are investigating every person concerned.问题1选项A.ascertainB.arrestC.imagineD.count【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascertain “确定；查明”；arrest “逮捕；阻止”；imagine “想象；猜想”；count “计算；认为”。句意：警察试图查明有谁参加了那场聚会，正在调查每一个人。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题So fast（ ）that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.问题1选项A.has light traveledB.light travelsC.does light travelD.travels light【答案】C【解析】考查倒装句。由 so / suchthat结构中的so或such与其修饰成分位于句首表示强调时，主句要进行倒装，因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Peter became angry and said that （ ）.问题1选项A.he was tried to listen to themB.the listening to them was tired for himC.he was tiring listening to themD.he was tired of listening to them【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be tired of doing sth. “厌烦做某事”。句意：皮特很生气，说他很讨厌听他们讲话。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Scientific integrity is as much a matter of self-interest as it is of（ ）.问题1选项A.self-esteemB.self-deceivingC.selfishnessD.self-improvement【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。self-esteem “自尊；自负；自大”；self-deceiving “自欺的”；selfishness “自私自利”；self-improvement “自我改善；自我修养”。句意：科学诚信有关尊严，更是与自身利益有关的事情。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform.问题1选项A.ucceeded inB.ecided againstC.went on withD.thought deeply about【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，那个他要做的手术。succeed in“在方面取得成功”；decide against“决定不”；go on with“继续”；think deeply about “深思”。根据“with his brows knitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。6. 单选题Over-taxation, many argue, impedes initiative, so that government income may actually（ ）.问题1选项A.mushroomB.capsizeC.shrinkD.dispel【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。mushroom “迅速增加；迅速生长”；capsize “倾覆； 翻覆”；shrink “收缩；畏缩”；dispel驱逐；消除（烦恼等）”。句意：很多人认为税收过重会打击进取心，因而政府的收入可能会减少。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题MR BROWN Tall, attractive man, single, aged 30. Outdoor type, sports-loving. Plays football, tennis and squash. Enjoys swimming and skiing. Beer drinker. PE instructor at boys school.MR GREEN Unemployed, unmarried, undernourished English Lit. graduate, aged 23. Indoor type, plays Dungeons and Dragons and any other role-playing adventure games. Enjoys rock and jazz records and sci-fi films and books. Lives in London.MR BLACK Mature man of 50, recently widowed with one son of 15. Own business and home. Enjoys bridge, French food and good claret. Very sociable, likes entertaining and travel. City dwellerMR WHITE Quiet, shy, peace-loving man, aged 35. Divorced, non-smoker. Ecologist, lives and works in the country. Enjoys chess, walking and reading. Likes eighteenth-century classical music and dry white wine. Dislikes noise and energetic sports.1.Which one would most probably appeal to a young woman of 25 who doesnt like living in town and who enjoys playing sports?2.Mr. Black is most likely to be attracted to （）.3.Which of these women students would probably find Mr. Green interesting?4.Which one would most probably appeal to a woman of 30 who used to be a volleyball player and now is a referee of the game?5.What kind of publication might these people advertise in?问题1选项A.Mr. Brown.B.Mr. Black.C.Mr. Green.D.Mr. White.问题2选项A.an attractive widow who is very shyB.a fun-loving, intelligent womanC.a pretty woman who hates travellingD.a businesswoman who is a strict vegetarian问题3选项A.A law student who it very logical and practical.B.A dreamy, romantic music student who dislikes pop music.C.An energetic, sociology student, interested in politics.D.An amusing, carefree art student who is fun-loving.问题4选项A.Mr. Brown.B.Mr. Black.C.Mr. Green.D.Mr. White.问题5选项A.A quality daily newspaper.B.A business magazine.C.A popular weekly magazine.D.A trade journal.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据文章对MR BROWN的介绍：三十岁，单身，又高又有魅力，性格外向，爱好运动。这些都符合25岁女性的选择，因此选项A符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章对MR BLACK的介绍是这样的：50岁，丧妻，有一个15岁的儿子；有自己的公司和家，喜欢桥牌、法国食物和红酒；善于交际，喜欢娱乐和旅行；城市居民。可以推测出“聪明有趣的女人”会吸引他的注意。选项B符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。文章对MR GREEN的介绍是这样的：没有工作，没有结婚，英国文学素养不高的23岁毕业生；性格内向，喜欢玩“龙与地下城”及其他冒险类游戏；喜欢摇滚和爵士唱片，科幻电影和书籍；居住在伦敦。由此可知和他具有相同爱好的女学生会对他比较感兴趣，因此选项D“有趣，无忧无虑，喜欢有趣的东西的艺术生”符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章对MR BROWN的介绍中提到他是“男子学校的体育教练”（PE instructor at boys school），与题干中的“a volleyball player”以及“a referee of the game”很匹配，因此选项A符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章是一篇征婚交友启事，因此刊登在“流星周刊”合适，选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The（ ）of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body.问题1选项A.connotationB.denominationC.donationD.denotation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。connotation “内涵；含蓄”；denomination “面额；名称；教派”；donation “捐款；捐赠物；捐赠”；denotation “符号；表示；意义”。句意：“蛇”的字面意思是：一种有着长而细的身体的无腿爬行动物。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has（ ）Germanys Touring Car Championship.问题1选项A.conqueredB.contestedC.dominatedD.determined【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conquer “战胜；征服”；contest “争辩；争论”；dominate “控制；支配”；determine “确定；判决”。句意：由于质量卓越，因此在过去的两年里，奥迪车已经统治了房车锦标赛。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues” levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colony. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.The first light erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and, usually the keepers family. The keepers essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life - they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.1.What is the best title for the passage?2.Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?3.It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because（ ）.4.According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found?5.In the second sentence of paragraph 3, which of the following does the word “They” refer to?问题1选项A.The Lighthouse on Little Brewster IslandB.The Life of a Lighthouse KeeperC.Early Lighthouses in the United StatesD.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-Keeping问题2选项A.It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.B.Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.C.The first lantern wicks were developed there.D.The first lighthouse in North America was built there.问题3选项A.ship there had high mastsB.coastal waters were safeC.the coast was straight and unobstructedD.the lighthouse were built on high places问题4选项A.Little Brewster IslandB.The Florida KeysC.Cape HatterasD.Cape Cod问题5选项A.LighthousesB.DifferencesC.QuartersD.Feature【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“以下哪个最适合做文章的标题？”。文章主要介绍了新世界早期的灯塔建设、特点还有发展，所以选项C“美国早期的灯塔”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么作者要提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一个灯塔是马萨诸塞湾殖民地1716年在波士顿港湾的入口小布鲁斯特岛建造的”（The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor），由此可知，选项D“北美第一个灯塔是在那里建立的”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可知东北部的灯塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于东北部的大多数灯塔都是修建在岩石高地上，所以那里一般没有很大的高塔”（Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule），因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知美国最高的用砖头修建的灯塔在哪里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的灯塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡罗莱纳州哈特拉斯角处的宏伟灯塔那样的大型建筑。高190英尺，是这个国家最高的用砖头修建的灯塔”（It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country），因此选项C符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段第二句话中的they指什么？”文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管在外表和结构上大部分美国灯塔有几个共同特征：有灯、生活住所和一个钟表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn)）；第三段第二句话提到“它们还有别的共同点”（they also had something else in common），从这里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully（ ）the risks and benefits.问题1选项A.valuingB.evaluatingC.estimatingD.weighing【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。value “评价；重视；估价”；evaluate “评估；估价”；estimate “估计：判断”；weigh “权衡；考虑”。句意：所有专家一致认为最重要的事是权衡减肥药的风险和好处。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Practitioners of law and medicine are esteemed in many countries which seems to indicate that （ ）depends on profession or title.问题1选项A.prestigeB.superiorityC.privilegeD.merit【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。prestige “声望；声誉”；superiority “优越；优越性”；privilege “特权；优待”；merit “优点；价值”。句意：法律和医生从业者在许多国家都受到尊敬，这似乎说明声望取决于职业和头衔。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题By advocating moderate change, they think that they can keep consumer costs low.问题1选项A.reasonableB.radicalC.immediateD.minimum【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过提倡改变，他们认为可以保持消费者的低成本状态。reasonable “合理的，明智的”；radical “根本的，彻底的”；immediate “立即的”；minimum “最低的”。根据后面的“消费者的低成本状态”可知前面的改变是“适度的”，即划线单词的意思是“适度的；合理的”。因此选项A符合题意。14. 单选题There are two columns marked A and B below. 10 set words are listed in column A with the definitions provided in column B. Study the phrases in column A carefully and match each word with the correct definition in column B.Column A1. vitality2. prompting3. instantaneous4. dynamic5. prudent6. original7. feverish8. facilitate9. likewise10.sponsor Column B A. excited; restlessB. force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC. persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD. similarly; alsoE. happening or done immediatelyF. make something easy or less difficultG. urging or persuadingH. existing from the beginning; creative; freshI. person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ. showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题1选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题2选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题3选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题4选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题5选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题6选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题7选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题8选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题9选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight问题10选项A.excited; restlessB.force that produces change, action or effects; energetic and forcefulC.persistent energy; liveliness or vigorD.similarly; alsoE.happening or done immediatelyF.make something easy or less difficultG.urging or persuadingH.existing from the beginning; creative; freshI.person who makes himself responsible for another; person who puts forward a proposalJ.showing good judgment; acting with care and foresight【答案】第1题:C第2题:G第3题:E第4题:B第5题:J第6题:H第7题:A第8题:F第9题:D第10题:I【解析】第1题:vitality “生命力，活力，热情”。第2题:prompting “促进，鼓舞”。第3题:instantaneous “即刻的，立刻的”。第4题:dynamic “动力”，名词；“精力充沛的”，形容词。第5题:prudent “谨慎的”。第6题:original “最初的，独创的”。第7题:feverish “发热的；极度兴奋的”。第8题:facilitate “促进”。第9题:likewise “同样地”。第10题:sponsor “主办者，保证人”。15. 单选题They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked（ ）for a change.问题1选项A.asB.forC.toD.by【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 句意：他们更乐意去把车停放在某个地方，然后改为走路。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题It is generally thought that as teachers work with students, psychology course work is（ ）to teacher-training.问题1选项A.indispensableB.inviolateC.indisposedD.invariable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的”；inviolate “无污点的；未亵渎的”；indisposed “不舒服的；不愿意的”；invariable “不改变的；常数的”。句意：通常情况下都会认为当老师和学生共事时，心理学课程是教师培训必不可少的内容。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题Although the colonists（ ） to some extent with the native Americans, the Indians influence on American culture and language was not extensive.问题1选项A.migratedB.matchedC.mingledD.melted【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。migrate “移居，使移植”；match “匹配”；mingle “混合，交往”；melt “融化”。句意：尽管殖民地居民在很大程度上与当地美国人混杂而居，但是印第安人对美国文化和语言的影响比较少。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题The students are all from（ ）countries, such as Singapore, India, Korean and Japan.问题1选项A.developingB.orientalC.islandD.Christian【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”；oriental“东方的；东方人的”；island“岛的”；Christian“基督教的；信基督教的”。句意：这些学生都来自东方国家，比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题After a year of arguments, preparations for the festival are now（ ）smoothly.问题1选项A.precedingB.processingC.pressingD.proceeding【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。precede “在之前发生（或出现）”；process “加工，处理”； press “压，按，推”；proceed “进行，发生”。句意：经过一年的协商，欢庆活动准备工作现在正在顺利进行。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical.问题1选项A.focusedB.concentratedC.agreedD.based【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该继续核聚变研究，但是不能把能量项目建立在它存在的.，除非证明它的可行性。focus “集中，聚焦”；concentrate “集中（注意力）”；agree “同意”； base “以为基础”。根据后文的“on its existence”可推测出划线单词premise的意思是“以为前提”，选项D符合题意。