2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第93期

2022年考博英语-中央美术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ）elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.问题1选项A.CultivatedB.RegulatedC.CivilD.Tame【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。cultivated“有教养的，栽培的”；regulated“约束，调节”；civil“有礼貌的”；tame“驯服的，乏味的”。句意：被驯服的大象与野生大象在许多方面有差异，包括性格。由wild可知此空应填与之意思相反的单词，故D项正确。2. 单选题Many scientists remain（ ） about the value of this research program.问题1选项A.skepticalB.stationaryC.spaciousD.specific【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。skeptical“怀疑的”；stationary“固定的，静止的”；spacious“宽敞的，广阔的”；specific“特殊的，特定的”。句意：一些科学家对这个研究项目的价值保持怀疑。A项符合题意。3. 单选题She thinks about nothing but dancing. She is completely（ ）to it.问题1选项A.addictedB.absorbedC.involvedD.interested【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项addict“使沉迷，使上瘾”，一般和介词to搭配；B选项absorb“承受，理解，使.全神贯注”，一般和介词in搭配；C选项involve“涉及，使陷于，潜心于”，一般和介词in搭配；D选项interest“感兴趣”，一般和介词in搭配。根据句意“她只想跳舞。她完全上瘾了。”只有选项A能和介词to搭配，所以A正确。4. 单选题In the US 88 percent of smokers had started before they were 18, despite the fact that it is （ ） to sell cigarettes to anyone under that age.问题1选项A.liableB.liberalC.irrationalD.illegal【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be liable to“易于的，有倾向的”；be illegal to do sth“非法做”。由后半句可知卖烟给18岁以下的人是违法的。故D项正确。句意：在美国88%的人在18岁前就开始吸烟了，尽管卖烟给18岁以下的人是非法的。5. 单选题In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be up to one-fifth the total （ ） for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.advisableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。acceptable“可接受的”；available“可获得的，可得到的”；advisable“明智的，可取的”；applicable“可适用的，可应用的”。句意：大体上，学生的房租支出最多只能占可多得的生活总费用的五分之一。B项符合题意。6. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to（ ）.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。resign“辞职”；reject“拒绝”；retreat“撤退，后退”；replace“代替，替换”。句意：十天前，这个年轻人告知了他的老板他要离职的打算。A项符合题意。7. 单选题Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform (MIP )and its applications systems.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say sorry to the clients. But your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office move with you. Thus, you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.1.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that without mobile office,（ ）.3.The passage suggests that mobile office is necessary, especially when（ ）.4.Which of the following statement best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?5.In the eyes of the author, mobile office（ ）.问题1选项A.mobile office is the only way by which people could enjoy prompt and safe working environmentB.with the development of science, mobile office comes to our life inevitablyC.people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty beforeD.mobile interconnection platform and its application systems is the core of mobile office问题2选项A.you cannot put your business routine aside or attend meetingsB.you cannot read faxes and e-mails when you travel on businessC.you cannot make apologies to the clients for your delayD.you cannot catch any business opportunities because of bad working condition问题3选项A.you need to make some urgent modification on your workB.you need to read and reply faxes and e-mailsC.you are out of the office to attend meetingsD.you can put the mobile office into your pocket问题4选项A.When you leave your office, you should not forget your business routine.B.You will lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.C.When you leave your office, your business routine would be harmed.D.When you cannot meet the need of your clients, you should say “sorry”.问题5选项A.has some fatal shortcomingsB.is too expensive to affordC.would be realized in the futureD.has both advantages and disadvantages【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform (MIP )and its applications systems. 移动办公通过移动互联平台（MIP）及其应用系统的支持，已成为一种为用户提供方便、及时、安全、可靠、价格合理的通信和办公能力的解决方案。”可知D项“移动互联平台及其应用系统是移动办公的核心”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“What would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. 你的日常工作会发生什么?当然，传真和电子邮件仍然会发送到你的传真机或电子信箱，但你不能及时阅读并且做出迅速反应。”可知B项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office move with you. 事实上，当你不在办公室的时候，你经常需要检查、回复、分发、展示、修改或阅读一些材料。你必须摆脱这种困境。要想在任何时间、任何地点正常处理业务，又不让客户失望，最好的办法就是让你的办公室随你一起“移动”。”可知当不在办公室里时，最需要移动办公。故C项正确。AB两项都缺乏一个前提即人不在办公室。D项与题干无关。4.主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了当你离开办公室去出差或参加会议时，如果没有移动办公，你的日常商务活动会受影响。故C项正确。5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. 移动办公为人们提供了方便、随意的工作环境，但同时也存在着设备接口不匹配、电池不足等不尽人意的方面。”可知作者认为移动办公既有优点也有缺点。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:8. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic “Uncivilized Behaviors in Public” You should write at least 160 words and you should base your composition on the outline (in Chinese)below:1.在公共场合有哪些不文明行为2.造成这些不文明行为的原因3.怎样改进这些不文明行为【答案】略9. 单选题A special feature of education at MIT is the opportunity for students and faculty to （ ）together in research activities.问题1选项A.specializeB.participateC.consistD.involve【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。specialize“使专门化”；participate“参与”；consist“由组成”; involve“包含，牵涉”。句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个特色是学生和老师都有机会一起参与研究活动。B项符合题意，故答案B。10. 单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。survive“幸存”；suspend“延缓，推迟”；suffer“遭遇”；subject“使臣服”。句意：在政府帮助下，有很多人在1991年的那场洪涝灾害中幸存了下来。A项符合题意。11. 单选题Although the traffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a（ ） speed.问题1选项A.spareB.fastC.moderateD.moral【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。spare“额外的，空闲的”；fast“迅速的”；moderate“适度的，稳健的”；moral“有道德的”。句意：尽管交通不拥挤，他喜欢以适中的速度开车。由although和not busy可知空格处应填意思与之相反的词。故C项符合题意。12. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as a surgical tool in operations on people who are （ ） to heart attack.问题1选项A.proneB.disposedC.infectiousD.accessible【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。be prone to“易于，有 的倾向”；be disposed to“愿意，使易感染”；be accessible to“容易接近的，容易进入的”。句意：医生对于运用激光给心脏病人做手术很感兴趣。A项符合题意。13. 单选题Everyone experiences fear during major crisissuch as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they flying in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their anxiety by telling jokes. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes, sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones fearsto master anxiety.A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.1.To make someone the butt of jokes means（ ）.2.What is the positive purpose of peoples telling jokes?3.To master anxiety means（ ）.4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling of fear?5.According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering ones fears?问题1选项A.to force someone to enjoy jokesB.to entitle someone to tell jokesC.to offend someone by jokesD.to make someone become the object of jokes问题2选项A.To disguise their anxietyB.To attack othersC.To control ones own fearsD.To show ones sense of humor问题3选项A.to conquer the feeling of nervousnessB.to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC.to be familiar with tensionD.to be good at the subject of anxiety问题4选项A.Early childhood experience.B.The general sense of security.C.The fear of heights.D.A feeling of no control.问题5选项A.To be conscious of the way of mastering fears.B.To admit the feeling of fears.C.To control ones feelings.D.To repress the rising feeling of fear.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.语义推断题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. ”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以the butt of jokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety. 有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧控制焦虑。”由此可知，人们讲笑话的积极目的是为了控制自己的恐惧和焦虑，所以选项C符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”可知，控制焦虑意味着要克服紧张不安的感觉，选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第二段最后一句“ But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control. 但关键的因素似乎是一种失控的感觉。”选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。所以选项B符合原文。14. 单选题There has been a collision （ ）a number of cars on the main road to town.问题1选项A.composingB.consistingC.involvingD.engaging【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。compose“组成，构成”；consist“由组成”；involve“包含，涉及”；engage“雇佣，参加”。句意：在通往小镇的主路上发生了一起碰撞，涉及到许多小轿车。C项符合题意。15. 单选题He has impressed his employers considerably and（ ）he is soon to be promoted.问题1选项A.neverthelessB.accordinglyC.yetD.eventually【答案】B【解析】考查逻辑连词。A选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；B选项accordingly“因此，于是，相应地”；C选项yet“然而”；D选项eventually“最终”。根据句意“他给雇主留下了非常深刻的印象，因此他很快就会得到晋升”。这里是表示递进的关系，所以选项B正确。16. 单选题The most successful post-career athletes are those who can take the identity and life skills they learned in sports and（ ）them to another area of life.问题1选项A.utilizeB.employC.applyD.exert【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。utilize“利用”；employ“使用，采用”；apply“申请，应用”；exert“运用，发挥”。句意：最成功的退役后的运动员是那些将他们从运动中学到的技巧和同一性运用到生活的其他领域的人。C项符合题意。17. 单选题Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of（ ）.问题1选项A.extinctionB.migrationC.destructionD.extraction【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。extinction“灭绝，消灭”；migration“迁移，移民”；destruction“毁灭”；extraction“取出，抽出”。句意：令人悲伤的是，大熊猫现在成了濒临灭绝的动物种类之一。A项符合题意。18. 单选题It is crucial to develop a powerful strategy throughout the job search process that involves three main components: a solid resume format based on your achievements, a dynamic resume cover letter that grabs an employers attention, and a consistent strategy that binds everything together.First Impression Resume Services offer personally designed resume and cover letter strategies and interview training by a Certified Professional Resume Writer and Certified Employment Interview Professional. Resume samples are featured in Expert Resumes for Computer and Web Jobs, Expert Resumes for Teachers and Educators, and the upcoming “Expert Resumes for Manufacturing Industry Professionals” by Wendy S. Endow and Louise M. Kursmark, published by 1ST Works.After completing an in-depth interview, your resume format is developed to focus on your career goals, not only on your past job experience. Accomplishments, keywords, and strategic placement of critical information form a dynamic and successful blueprint for your job search (Tip: Search for job-related keywords (nouns) in classified ads in the newspaper or online at job boards). By knowing the right questions to ask, First Impression can help you and uncover pertinent (相关的) information you may have overlooked.We ascribe to a professional Code of Ethics and guarantee prompt, courteous professional, and ethical services. First Impression offers professional resume writing help, job readiness, and personal support to adults who are in need.1.A good resume design must include（ ）.2.It was most probably that First Impression Resume Services was（ ）.3.What does the office offer?4.From the context, we can guess that the word “tip (in paragraph 3) probably means（ ） .5.The office guarantees that（ ） .问题1选项A.achievements, cover letter and a consistent strategyB.a solid resume format, grabs an employers attention; binds everything togetherC.format design, cover design and consistence considerationD.none of the above问题2选项A.an office that interviews people who are looking for a jobB.an office that gives advice to job-hunting people on how to succeed in getting employedC.an office that interviews people who are looking for a jobD.an office that gives advice to young people who want to start a profession问题3选项A.A variety of resume samples.B.Interview training.C.Personally designed resumes and cover letter strategies.D.All of the above问题4选项A.extremityB.pointC.premiumD.advice问题5选项A.they will give their services on the basis of the Code of EthicsB.they will give perfect servicesC.they will offer professional help to all kinds of peopleD.all of the above【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。根据第一段的内容“在整个求职过程中制定一个强有力的策略是至关重要的，该策略包括三个主要部分：以你的成就为基础的一致的简历格式，吸引雇主注意的动态简历求职信，以及将所有内容结合在一起的连贯策略。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据第二段第一句“First Impression Resume Services offer personally designed resume and cover letter strategies and interview training by a Certified Professional Resume Writer and Certified Employment Interview Professional. 第一印象简历服务中心提供个人设计的简历和求职信策略以及经过认证的专业简历写手和就业面试专家的面试培训。”由此可知，第一印象简历服务中心是一家为找工作的人提供如何成功找到工作的建议的办公室，所以选项B正确。3.细节事实题。本题答案定位也是在第二段第一句，根据上一题可知，A、B、C三个选项都是第一印象简历服务中心所提供的服务。所以选项D正确。4.语义推断题。根据第三段第二句“Accomplishments, keywords, and strategic placement of critical information form a dynamic and successful blueprint for your job search (Tip: Search for job-related keywords (nouns) in classified ads in the newspaper or online at job boards). 成就、关键字和关键信息的战略性布局构成了一个动态的、成功的求职蓝图（Tip:在报纸分类广告或在线求职网站上搜索与工作相关的关键词(名词) ）。”由此可知，Tip指的是建议，忠告，选项D与之意思最为相符，所以正确。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一段的内容“我们遵循职业道德准则，保证及时、礼貌、专业和道德的服务。第一印象为有需要的成年人提供专业的简历撰写、工作准备和个人支持。”由此可知，选项A符合原文。B选项中的“perfect service”在原文中没有承诺；C选项中“all kinds of people”表述太绝对，所以也不正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:19. 单选题The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary（ ）too much work last week.问题1选项A.take toB.take outC.take awayD.take on【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。take to“走向，开始从事”；take out“取出，去掉”；take away“带走，拿走”；take on“承担，呈现”。句意：上周，主席因让他的秘书承担很多工作而受到责备。D项符合题意。20. 单选题Many American women are making（ ）themselves in the business world.问题1选项A.a name ofB.a name forC.a name withD.a name out of【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。make a name for oneself意为“成名，出名”。所以选项B正确。