Unit-02-素材文档

College English Creative Reading 3 跨文化交际英语 阅读教程 3 Unit 2 Using Information Found on the Web Note on the Topic Learning Objectives 1 Be aware of the importance of checking the information we gather 2 Learn different ways of structuring a passage Before You Read 1 Watch the following video and discuss the following questions with a partner 2 Discuss the following questions with a partner 2 1 According to the video why aren t people recommended to use information from the Web Because anyone can create content and publish it to the Web so the content s credibility reliability and intent should be questioned 2 2 How to evaluate resources from the Web CRAAP is suggested to evaluate resources It stands for the resources currency relevance authority accuracy and purpose 2 3 What s a better way to cite sources according to the video Use library databases to find information 2 4 How often do you use information from the Web in your research papers And why Answers will vary to this question A sample answer could be I almost use information from the Web in all my research papers because it s very convenient and easy to find various information on the Web Or I seldom use information from the Web in my research papers since it is not that credible and reliable 2 5Have you ever evaluated the Web resources If yes how If no will you follow the methods in the video to evaluate the Web resources hereafter Answers will vary to this question A sample answer could be No I haven t But I will start to evaluate the information because research papers should be very academic and reliable Reading A Checking Is Believing The Web is being expanded all the time and is able to supply an almost limitless amount of information on most subjects Apart from offering a great deal of information the Web is also fast and convenient to use Today we have many different devices which are capable of connecting to the Internet and displaying information even when you are on the move The Web then can provide a convenient means of accessing information and has become greatly valued by students If a student has Internet access then there is no need for him her to go to a library to search for information This not only saves a great deal of time but also eliminates transportation costs It is probably true to say that students have more time than many working people to browse the Web and they have the added motivation that information found on it may be able to help them complete assignments Background Information The Text Checking Is Believing The text basically advises students to check the information they find on the Web for its quality otherwise they may be misled into using wrong or inadequate information The argument of the text may be easier to see as a flow chart The following chart shows the structure of the final text after students have completed the Developing Your Skills section As a key visual this can be used to illustrate the overall argument of the text It can also be used for a revision activity by getting students to verbalize the main ideas using the key visual only and not looking at the text but and yet so that s why by and 参考译文 验证为实 网络随时在拓展 它几乎可以给大多数学科提供无限量的信息 除了提供大量信息之外 网络使用起来也方便快捷 如今 我们拥 有很多设备它们可以联网并展示信息 即使当你在赶路时也是如此 因此 网络可以提供一个获取信息的方便途径 而且网络已经受到 了学生们的极力推崇 如果一位学生有条件上网 那么他 她就没有 必要去图书馆查找资料 这样不仅节省了大量的时间也省去了交通 费 几乎可以这样说 学生们比上班族有更多的时间浏览网页 网 络上提供的信息有助于他们完成学习任务 这一点成了他们上网的 额外动机 The Web is a fast and convenient source of information Anyone can add information to the Web In the print media publishers check the quality of what is published In the mass media there are even more quality checks The Web is unregulated Material varies in quality Students should check the quality of Web material Asking questions about authors Examining documents for their uses of academic conventions Reading B This freedom is of course in sharp contrast to traditional media Publishing companies for example can be very selective about their authors Such companies have high standards and will only publish a book if the author is well qualified and experienced in the subject area Publishers get other experts to review a book before it is printed and further improvements to the book are made by editors and book designers employed by the publishing companies Editors frequently make suggestions to make the book longer or shorter and to improve the author s use of language to make the writing clearer and more easily comprehensible to readers Designers handle the layout of a book including the cover photographs and other graphics and even the font type and style of the text Key Words review the process of studying or examining a situation policy or idea again in order to decide whether it is satisfactory or suitable comprehensible able to be understood 参考译文 网络提供的这种自由和传统的媒介相比当然有着明显的区别 例如 出版公司会慎重选择作者 这样的公司要求很高 所以只有 当作者在某一领域很有资历和经验时 才会出版他的书 在一本书 出版前 出版商会请一些别的专家对该书加以评论 而且公司聘请 的编辑和设计人员会对该书做进一步的改善 编辑们通常给出建议 将一本书改长或者缩短 还会改善作者的语言以使作品更清晰 更 容易让读者读懂 设计人员则处理书的版面问题 包括封面 照片 和其他图形类的东西 甚至还包括字体以及文本的风格 Reading C Few such restrictions apply to the Web It is an unregulated medium at every level There are no bosses deciding who will get published no reviewers to check the reliability of information no editors or designers to improve the way it is written or presented and few enforceable laws or government regulations to check the acceptability of the information or to make authors accountable for their material The Web therefore lacks the quality assurance controls which operate in most media and which help the public to trust what they view read and hear The results of this lack of quality control are easy to see The Web is littered with sites which would be illegal if presented by the more traditional media The Web allows people to publish their opinions even if these are unfounded and use discrimination Key Word discrimination unfair treatment of someone because of their religion race or other personal features 参考译文 然而这样的限制很少应用于网络 网络从各个层面上来说都是 不受控制的媒介 没有老板决定谁的书将会出版 没有评论家去验 证信息的可靠程度 没有编辑或者设计人员去改进书的原样 也很 少有法律或政府规定去验证信息的可接受性或者要求作者对他们的 资料能够做出解释 因此 网络缺少大多数媒体都具备的质量保证 这种质量保证有助于广大读者相信他们的所见 所读以及所闻 这 一缺陷造成的结果是显而易见的 网络上随处可见一些网站 这些 网站的内容如果用传统媒介呈现出来则会被认为是非法的 网络允 许人们发布观点 就算这些观点毫无根据或带有歧视 Reading D TV video and radio companies work under even stricter regulations than publishing companies The law controls the content of their programmes in order to limit the amount of bias sexual racial and political listeners and viewers are exposed to Strict legal limitations are also placed on the amount of sex and violence in programmes The language used in such programmes is also carefully controlled so that the audience is not offended by excessive bad language Where doubt exists about a programme the company responsible for broadcasting the programme will get lawyers to check that the content and language used in the film do not break any laws Key Words strict having definite rules that people are expected to obey completely bias an attitude that you have that makes you treat someone in a way that is unfair or different from the way you treat other people 参考译文 影视和广播公司比出版公司具有更加严格的规定 为了限制它 们暴露给听众和观众的 色情的 种族的和政治的 偏见的数量 法 律控制着它们节目的内容 严格的法律限制也对节目中色情和暴力 的数量进行控制 为了让听众和观众不受到脏话的冒犯 这类节目 中的语言也被严格控制 当对一个节目存在疑问时 负责播放该节 目的公司往往会请律师核查节目中的内容和语言有没有触犯法律 Reading E It is clear then that students who wish to use the Web as a source of information to help them complete assignments will need to be cautious about using material found on it It is important to check whether a site has been created and registered by a recognized body such as a university or a publisher or whether it has been created by an individual i e a private Net account holder Look for the organization s logo or a structure chart showing its various departments and offices its mission statement and also for some information on its history and its plans for the future In other words check for the features that you would expect to find on an official and professionally produced website 参考译文 那么 很明显 想要把网络当作信息来源去完成学习任务的学 生在使用从网络上搜寻到的资料时就需要小心谨慎 很重要的一点 就是要核查一个网站是由权威机构 如大学或者出版商 登记创办的 还是由某个个人 即某个私人网络账户持有者创办的 同时要查一 下该组织的标志或者标明其不同部门和办公室以及任务说明的机构 结构表 也要寻找有关它的历史以及未来计划的信息 换句话说 要查询一个专业的官方网站所具有的那些特征 Reading F This is not to say that sites produced by individuals are all unreliable far from it some are excellent Some very highly respected professors and authors of academic textbooks have their own websites and these are valuable and trustworthy sources of information But if an author of a website fails to provide a means for browsers to make contact or has forgotten to put up his her affiliations and some biodata giving their qualifications and experience then he or she is just asking to be treated with suspicion 参考译文 这并不是说个人创办的网站都不可信 远非如此 有些个人网 站是很不错的 一些德高望重的教授和学术教科书的作者拥有他们 自己的网站 这些网站是很有价值的 它们提供的资料是值得相信 的 但是 如果一个网站的作者没有能够把他 她的联系方式提供给 浏览者 或者忘了给出证明其资历的个人资料 那么他 她就会受到 怀疑 Reading G Biodata information on the qualifications and experience of an author is very helpful for students checking the reliability of a site Look at the author s affiliations and career record Look carefully too at his her qualifications research record and publications Then ask yourself questions which university does he or she currently work in and for how long Is the university recognized and respected Does the author have a substantial number of years of experience in the subject area Does the author have a PhD some excellent researchers don t but nevertheless possession of a doctorate is an encouraging sign when we re checking a person s credibility Has the author been involved in research projects and has he she published articles in journals and academic books with reputable publishers Be critical and ask questions 参考译文 个人资料 即关于一位作者资历的信息 对学生们核查一个网 站的可靠性非常有帮助 看一看作者为谁工作以及他 她的职业记录 也仔细查看一下他 她的资格证书 研究记录和出版物 然后想一想 下面的问题 目前他 她就职于哪所大学 将工作多长时间 这所大 学有名望吗 该作者在这一学科领域是否有足够长时间的经验 此 人获得了博士学位吗 有些优秀的研究人员没有博士学位 但是拥有 博士学位在我们考查一个人的可信度时仍是一个让人放心的标志 该作者是否参与了一些研究项目 有没有在杂志上发表过文章 是 否与知名的出版商出版过学术书籍 要善于批评和提出疑问 Reading H Students may find that no email address is given on a site If this is the case carry out name searches via online catalogues of publications to try to find out whether the author is recognized or published in the subject area you are interested in If an email address is provided look at it carefully Does it appear to be a personal rather than organizational address If you are still in doubt you could email the author of the pages directly and ask them about their work But do this politely so that he or she provides evidence of possessing appropriate qualifications and experience to write with authority on the topic in question Show interest in the topic this may even help you to start a very useful correspondence with the author You can then start building up a list of contacts and start your career in what s known as electronic networking 参考译文 学生们有时可能会发现一个网站上没有电子邮件地址 如果是 这样 通过在线出版物目录查找该作者的名字 看他是否出名或者 是否在你感兴趣的学科领域发表过什么作品 如果有电子邮件地址 仔细地看一看 它看上去是不是像一个个人信箱而不是集体信箱呢 如果你仍有疑虑 你可以直接给该网页的作者发电子邮件询问有关 他们工作的事宜 但是 这样做时要有礼貌 要让他证明他具备写 有关这个主题的权威性文章的资格 要表现出对这一话题的兴趣 这样会有助于你和该作者的通信往来 然后你可以列出一份联系表 在建立电子网络关系中开始大显身手 Reading I Another way you can check Web information is to examine carefully the document itself Carry out the examination very carefully and look for the conventions academic authors follow when they write Conventions include the use of up to date references to other authors and bibliographies for the convenience of interested readers Academic writers also use footnotes or endnotes to add detail to what they have written The tone of their writing is likely to be objective and impersonal and the style is likely to be quite formal Finally respectable Web contributors will show that they know a great deal of background information on a topic and will also show familiarity with modern research methods in their fields of study 参考译文 另一个检查网络信息的方法是仔细检查文件本身 仔细检查和 寻找学术作者写作时遵循的惯例 这些惯例包括使用其他作者的最 新资料 也包括为感兴趣的读者提供方便的参考文献 学术作者也 使用脚注或尾注来为自己所写的内容增添细节 他们作品的语气很 可能是客观的 非个人的 写作风格可能很正式 最后 值得尊敬 的网络贡献者会显得对某个话题的背景知识非常了解 也会显得对 他们学习领域的现代研究方法非常熟悉 Reading J The Web has provided all of us with limitless convenient and cheap access to vast amounts of information but the quality and reliability of the information must be checked and this means that the student needs to be his or her own quality control mechanism 参考译文 网络为我们提供了无限 方便 廉价的途径以获取大量信息 但是信息的质量和可靠性应该得到核查 也就是说 学生们需要自 己当自己的质量监控师 Reading Understanding the Text Part A True or False Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false Correct any false statements in the box provided 1 One reason students like using the Web is that it helps them to buy F things in a convenient way Students like using the Web because it saves them time and money as they do not need to go to a library for the information 2 Publishing on the Web is easier than publishing in the more T traditional media 3 In using material found on the Web for academic purposes you F need to be prepared to take risks There are risks in using information from the Web but you should make every effort to minimize the risks check very carefully who is responsible for the information and whether or not you feel they are qualified to be used as a reliable source 4 You should be suspicious of a website which offers no contact T details 5 You are the Web s quality control mechanism T Part B Identifying Main Points Each of the ten statements below contains information given in one of the sections in the text Each section is marked with a letter Identify the section from which the information is derived More than one statement may refer to the same section 1 Some websites created by individuals are reliable F 2 A polite email to the author of pages found on the Web will help to H establish if he or she is qualified to write the material 3 Students have the opportunity to refer to the Web more frequently A than most working people 4 Lawyers check the language used in films and TV programmes to D make sure it is legal 5 The Web has removed the travel costs that are involved in a visit to A a library 6 Traditional publishers employ a range of specialists to ensure that B the quality of their publications is high 7 The Web is a largely unrestricted medium C 8 Certain features can help a Web user determine whether a site E belongs to an organization 9 It is a good idea to check the credentials of an individual writer of G material placed on the Web 10 Having a PhD increases the chances that an author is reliable G Part C Selecting Best Choices The paragraph on Page 29 has been taken from the text but includes ten blanks You are required to select one word or expression for each blank from a list of words in the word bank provided You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once Word Bank A analyze B at the present time C connections D despite this E discerning F engaged in G harmful H indeed I path J professional K quickly L thoroughly M trustworthiness N useful O well regarded Biodata information on the qualifications and experience of an author is very N for students checking the reliability of a site Look at the authors C and career I Look L too at his her qualifications research record and publications Then ask yourself questions which university does he or she B work in and for how long Word Bank A analyze D despite this E discerning F engaged in G harmful H indeed J professional K quickly M trustworthiness O well regarded Is the university recognized and O Does the author have a substantial number of years of experience in the subject area Does the author have a PhD some researchers don t but D possession of a doctorate is an encouraging sign when we re checking a person s M Has the author been F in research projects and has he she published articles in journals and academic books with reputable publishers Be E and ask questions Part D Interpreting the Text Identify the best answers to the questions below 1 The author wrote the text to inform warn persuade entertain 2 The author wrote the text for teachers the public professors students 3 The author s attitude to information found on the Web can best be described as cautious disbelieving trusting enthusiastic 4 The type of writing in the text may best be described as cause and effect discussion and advice comparing and contrasting classification Developing Your Skills Part A Structure of a Passage Sequencing Information The flow chart below shows the process you should undertake when checking information found on the Web However the steps in the process are not in the correct order Put them in the correct order by writing 1 2 3 etc in the boxes Use Sections G and H in the text to help you Part B Structure of a Passage Paragraph Insertion If no email address is given carry out name searches using online catalogues 3 If the site is private check it for the author s biodata affiliations and any means of 2 contact Examine the document itself to check it for compliance with academic 5 conventions tone and style background information and knowledge of up to date research methods If an email address is provided examine it closely to establish whether it is 4 institutional or individual and if still in doubt contact the author directly Check to find out if a site is institutional or individual by looking for a logo 1 organization chart mission statement etc However just as anyone with a laptop can access the Web so anyone with a laptop can contribute to the information on the Web that is anyone can use the Web to publish his or her own material The Web makes it possible for anyone to develop their own personal website or post information on a particular topic and reach a potentially huge audience This freedom to contribute to it makes the Web by far the most democratic medium in the world There are very few restrictions where publishing online is concerned The paragraph below was cut from the text in the editing process by mistake Put it back in the text by drawing an arrow in the left hand margin of the text to show where the paragraph should go Between Sections A and B Part C Structure of a Passage Section Reversal You need to edit the text a little more by identifying the two sections whose positions need to be exchanged Write the section letters here Section C and section D need to be reversed Extending Your Vocabulary Word Families Classify the following words into software related and hardware related groups of vocabulary Software Related Hardware Related download program interface email QQ virus games Excel app keyboard disk motherboard screen terminal mouse Expanding Your Creativity Comparing the Web with Traditional Media In the first five paragraphs of the text the author contrasts the Web with more traditional media and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of both Re read the relevant section of the text to complete the table on Page 32 Add any further contrasts you can think of and then discuss in groups whether the advantages of the Web outweigh the disadvantages download keyboard program disk motherboar d screen interface email QQ terminal virus app games mouse Excel Consider some of the points below Web Traditional Media The Web gives access to a great amount ofdata and is easy to access in any location Travel is necessary to visit libraries It is possible to put any kind of material up on Web and reach a very large audience Publishing companies select authors verycarefully books are reviewed by experts and editors and book designers make further improvements There are no checks on material to be put up on Web and one result of this is that much of the material online is unsubstantiated or even incorrect The content of TV video and radio programmes is controlled by law to protect audiences from bias violence and bad language With a partner discuss how the words in the box below are made by combining different words What do you think the new words mean Can you make up some other terms of your own cybernaut cyberholic webcast hyperlink web bias webmaster bloggerati vlog cyberbu