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高中英语必修一 Unit2 词汇精解 短语归纳1. 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from one another4. 与现代英语不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 世界英语 world Englishes6. 起着的重要作用 play an important role / part7. 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role9. 国际语言 an international language10. 在16世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century11. 在17世纪初 at the beginning of the 17 th century12. 在20世纪前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何时候都 than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德语为基础 be based on German16. 使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色 its own identity18. 众多讲英语的人a very large number of English speakers19. 学英语的人数 the number of people learning English20. 迅速增长increase rapidly21. 标准英语standard English22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English24. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 25. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形势 present situation28. 国际组织 an international organization29. 词汇与惯用法 vocabulary and usage30. 辨认出他的口音 recognize his accent31. 中西部地区的方言 midwestern dialect(s)32. 发出命令 give commands33. 提出客气的请求 make a polite request要点提炼I词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解释】voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip: (短途)旅行tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour1. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解应用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room2. frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular【解释】frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). This is a _ problem.2). He often makes _ errors of judgment.3)Look at the trains _ schedule.4)The violinist gave a very _ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.5)As a _ rule I am home by six.答案:1). common2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). general2. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。应用2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths, English and PE.(2)Overcooking, _， destroys many nutrients.(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.3. especially/ specially【解释】especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Our city is very beautiful, _ in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。2). He came here _ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。答案: 1). especially 2). specially 4 a number of / the number of【解释】a number of意思是“若干；许多”the number of意思是“的数目”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). _ books in the market are in English.答案: 1). the number of 2). A number ofII词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. actual adj. 实际的actually adv. 实际上；事实上2. base n. 基地；基础base v. 以为根据basic adj. 基本的3. east n. 东方eastern adj. 东方的；东部的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) What did he _ say? (actual)2) The _ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _. (base)4）She used her familys history as a _ for her novel. (base)5）This novel is _ on historical facts. (base)6）He is interested in _ customs. (determine)7) The wind is blowing from the _. (determine)答案: 1) actually2) actual3) basic4) base5) based 6) eastern7) east重点词汇1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。 重点用法at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在be present at 出席；到场(反义： be absent from)present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人1 All the people _ (出席晚会的)were her supporters.练习 中译英1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother.2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。重点用法 command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事 be under the command of 由指挥,由控制be in command of 控制 be at ones command 听任某人支配have / take command of 指挥特别提醒 command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气练习 用适当的介词填空1). For the first time in years, she felt _ command of her life.2). The army is _ the kings direct command.3). The police arrived and took command _ the situation.答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of3. request n.& v. 请求；要求典例 1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。. 2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。重点用法request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事request that sb (should) do 要求某人做某事 He requested me _ (write) a letter of recommendation. He requested that I _(write) a letter of recommendation. The passengers _(request) to show their passports. 练习 中译英。1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。 2). 请不要吸烟。答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.扩展=联想：像command一样，其后的名词性从句的谓语用“(should)+ 动词原形”的常用词有：一个“坚持(insist)”；两个“命令(order，command)”；三个“建议(suggest，advise，propose)”；四个“要求(demand，ask，require，request)”；4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认典例 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognizeby sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 承认某人/某事物是recognizeto be承认是 recognize +宾语从句 意识到；承认I recognize him_. (他是个聪明人).Though they hadnt met for many years，they _ (认出了对方)at the first sight.练习 中译英 1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。答案: 1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.2). I recognized him as my friends brother.5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。练习 中译英1).我的领带系得正不正?2). 一直往前看。答案: 1). Is my tie straight? 2). Look straight ahead. 6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了重点用法a block of 一大块 block out 堵住 block off 封锁；封闭 block up 堵塞；阻碍练习 中译英1). 他们在绕楼群散步。2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。答案:1). They are taking a walk round the block. 2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.7、actually adv. 实际上；事实上相近词汇：in factas a matter of fact8gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地9.native adj. 本地的，出生地的；天赋的n. 本地人；出生于某国的人be native to.原产于某地ones native country/land本国，祖国native place出生地ones native language本国语，本族语，母语a native of当地人/产于的动/植物即学即练1(1)China is our _， and Chinese is our _.中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。(2)The tiger _ India.这种虎产于印度。(3)He is _ Beijing.他是北京人。答案.native country; native language；is native to；a native of重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.come up走近；上来；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。短语归纳come across邂逅 come about发生 come at向扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with想出come round 绕道而来 come down落下,塌下练习 用come构成的词组填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over4). come up with5). came across2. make use of 利用；使用典例 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。短语归纳make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用练习1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents.3. such as例如；像这种的1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了练习 用such as或for example填空1). I like drinks _ tea and soda.2). The report is incomplete; it doesnt include sales in France, _.答案: 1) such as2). For example4. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与典例 1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。翻译：中国在当今世界扮演着重要的角色。_China is playing an important part/role _in the world today.短语归纳take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物 for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间） for my part就我来说练习 中译英1). 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)? 2). For my part, I dont mind where we eat.6. because of 因为；由于典例1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。短语归纳because of 是复合介词。because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。练习 He came late to school again _ he got up too late. The girl cried _ what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.7. base on 以为基础e.g The movie is based on facts 7ever before 从前 8even if/though 即使9be based on 以为基础 10over time 长期以来11in the early days 在早期 12the same as 相同于13. Believe it or not信不信由你14. a number of N. 许多,大量. 作主语时, 谓语用复数. the number of N. 的数量. 作主语时, 谓语用单数 Eg A number of people have read this novel. The number of people here is 50. 2.单词拼写1A lot of students p_ at the meeting took part in the discussion.2The tall tree was struck by l_ and broke.3The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p_ at the filling station.4Go up in an e_ to the fifth floor.5He looked calm, but a_ he was very nervous6In the word “happy” the _(重音) is on the first syllable.7He has a poor _(词汇), so he cant express himself correctly.8The gentlemen disclosed their own _(身份)9Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the _(惯用法) of English.10Though he is not a _(本国的) English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.3. .单项选择1(2009安徽卷)Do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?_， I do. I think its a great idea.AReallyBObviously CActuallyDGenerally2His uncle made a film _ his story in his childhood.Abased on Bwas based on Cbasing on Dto base on3(2010山东潍坊质量监测)It could be judged from her eyes _ she was very satisfied with her performance.Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere4The money collected should be made good use _ the people in Sichuan Province who suffered a lot in the earthquake.Aof helping Bto help Cto helping Dof to help5During the flight to the Moon, Change I Satellite _ adjusts her direction so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle(角度)Aeventually Bgradually Cconstantly Dcontinuously6Im Chinese and I do feel _ Chinese language is _ most beautiful language. Whats your opinion?Athe; a B/; the Cthe; / D/; a7_ as a serious problem at present, it has drawn a lot of peoples attention.ARecognize BRecognized CBeing recognized DHaving recognized8The army received a command that they _ to the front immediately.Awould march Bmust march Cshould march Dwere marching9The newlyfounded chess club formally _ us to attend the opening ceremony.Arequested Brequired Cdemanded Dcommanded10(2009江西一模)Films, _ the one you told me about yesterday or the one that will be on, _ not worth seeing.Aincluding; is Bas well as; are Cbesides; is Dsuch as; are11The part that China _in the international affairs _ in the international society.Aplays; is widely praised Bplays; is wide praisedCtakes; widely praised Dtakes; wide praised12_， a sleepy driver killed twentytwo students and teachers in a traffic accident in Shanxi Province.AWhats more BAfter all CBelieve it or not DMore or less13Many students make great progress in listening _ the large amount of time devoted to it.Abecause of Binstead of Cin case of Din spite of14Oh, its you! I _ you.Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.Adidnt recognize Bdidnt know Chavent recognized Dhavent known15He wont change his mind _ you go and try to persuade him yourself.Asince Buntil Cas if Deven if答案1.present；2. lightning；3. Petrol；4. Elevator；5. actually 6. accent；7.vocabulary 8. Identities 9. Usage 10. native1.答案：C 解析：考查副词。really真正地；obviously明显地；actually实际上； generally大体上。actually在句中起加强语气的作用，相当于sure，certainly, of course。2. 答案：A 解析：based on为过去分词短语，在句中做后置定语修饰a film。3. 答案：C解析：考查名词性从句。语意为：她对她的表现很满意，这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主句。4.答案：D 解析：make (good) use of“(好好)利用”，变为被动时态即be made use of；句中to help the people.为不定式做目的状语。5. 答案：B解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意为：在飞往月球的途中，嫦娥一号卫星逐渐调整她的方向以便能进入预定的轨道并以合适的角度绕其运行。A.最终；B.逐渐地；C.不断地；D.继续地。6. 答案：A 解析：第一空需填the，指“汉语”；第二空填a, a most beautiful language是泛指，其中most相当于very。7. 答案：B 解析：be recognized as“被认为是”；句中recognized为过去分词做状语。8.答案：C 解析：command“命令”，其 that从句中用“(should)动词原形”。9. 答案：A 解析：表示正式委婉的请求用 request。10. 答案：D 解析：such as 用于列举事物。又因为主语为复数，第二空格用 are，故选D。本句译为：像你昨天告诉我的电影，以及即将上映的，都不值得看11. 答案：A 解析：第一空考查短语 play a part in; 第二空考查被动语态12. 答案：C 解析：考查固定短语。13. 答案：A 解析：考查介词短语。because of“因为”14.答案：A 解析：句中表示“刚刚没有认出某人”用 didnt recognize15.答案：D解析：考查 even if引导让步状语从句。
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