(16份)历年高考英语真题分类汇编：专题七选五

键入文字 1 历年高考试题分项解析之专题七选五 1 2016 全国新课标 I 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Secret codes 密码 keep messages private Banks companies and government agencies use secret codes in doing business especially when information is sent by computer People have used secret codes for thousands of years 71 Code breaking never lags 落后 far behind code making The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography There are three main types of cryptography 72 For example the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels Spell out the hidden message Meet me 73 You might represent each letter with a number For example Let s number the letters of the alphabet in order from 1 to 26 If we substitute a number for each letter the message Meet me would read 13 5 20 13 5 A code uses symbols to replace words phrases or sentences To read the message of a real code you must have a code book 74 For example bridge might stand for meet and out might stand for me The message bridge out would actually mean Meet me 75 However it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long So codes must be changed frequently A It is very hard to break a code without the code book B In any language some letters are used more than others C Only people who know the keyword can read the message D As long as there have been codes people have tried to break them E You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out F With a code book you might write down words that would stand for other words G Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet 2 2016 全国新课标 II 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 A garden that s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum 总和 of its parts 71 But it doesn t happen by accident It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process 72 键入文字 2 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants flowers patterns and masses of color Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers 肥料 73 However there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden One of them comes from our earliest years Recall 回忆 your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood Grandma s rose garden and Dad s vegetable garden might be good or bad but that s not what s important 74 how being in those gardens made us feel If you d like to build a powerful bond with your garden start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth 75 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown up garden Have fun A Know why you garden B Find a good place for your own garden C It s our experience of the garden that matters D It s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden too G For each of those gardens writer down the strongest memory you have 3 2016 全国新课标 III 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Everyone knows that fish is good for health 71 But it seems that many people don t cook fish at home Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home Buying storing and cooking fish isn t difficult 72 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way 73 Fresh fish should smell sweet you should feel that you re standing at the ocean s edge Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn t fresh 74 When you have bought a fish and arrive home you d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don t cook it immediately but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two Frozen fish isn t as tasty as the fresh one There are many common methods used to cook fish 75 First lean it and season it with your choice of spices 调料 Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one p ound A larger one will take more time Then it s ready to serve 键入文字 3 A Do not buy it B The easiest is to steam it C This is how you can do it D It just requires a little knowledge E The fish will go bad within hours F When buying fish you should first smell it G The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease 4 2016 北京 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处 选项中有两项为多余选项 The Science of Risk Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward the risk seems worth taking 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us Why Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans Risk takers were better at hunting fighting or exploring 72 As the quality of Risk taking was passed from on ration to the next humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk So why aren t we all jumping out of airplanes then Well even 200 000 years ago too much risk taking could get one Killed A few daring survived though along with a few stay in the cave types As a result humans developed a range of character types that still exists today So maybe you love car racing or maybe you hate it 73 No matter where you are on the risk seeking range scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years 74 To help you do that your brain increases your hunger for new experiences New experiences often mean taking some risks so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well Mean taking some risks so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well 75 For the risk seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active while for the rest of us a part of the brain related to fear becomes active As experts continue to study the science of risk seeking we ll continue to hit the mountains the waves or the shallow end of the pool A It all depends on your character 键入文字 4 B Those are the risks you should jump to take C Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival D Thus these well equipped people survived because they were the fittest E This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world F However we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards G New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation 5 2016 四川 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries 71 In general they can expect to live six or seven years more than men One reason for this is biological One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women 72 Between the ages of about 12 and 50 women produce hormones that are involved in fertility 生育能力 These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow In fact women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks 73 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections This means that women g enerally ger sick less often and less seriously than men The common cold is a good example women on average get fewer colds than men 74 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging b ut they believe that they do Some think that a woman s body cells have a tendency 向 to age more slowly than a man s Others think that a man s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly 75 A However women on average live longer B The biological factor plays an important part C Women are also helped by their female genes D The female hormones also protect the body in another way E Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities F Therefore women are more healthy than men and can live a better life G Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions 6 2015 年陕西 第二节 情景对话 共 5 小题 每小题 1 分 满分 5 分 根据对话情境和内容 从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡 键入文字 5 上将该选项涂黑 选项中有两个为多余选项 Doctor Good morning Sir 71 Johnson Yes doctor I m always tired but when I go to bed I can t sleep Doctor 72 Johnson Since I started my new job two months ago Doctor What is your job Johnson I m in advertising 73 Doctor It depends How many hours do you work Johnson About 80 hours a week Doctor 74 Do you often take exercise Johnson Not very often 75 Doctor Well you do need to find some time Try to work less or look for a more stress free job A That s a lot B I like my job C Does it matter D How can I help you E I don t have the time F What time do you usually go to bed G How long have you had this problem 7 2015 年全国新课标 I 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 10 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences 71 That is a risk But you can t be successful when there s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake Unfortunately we ve all been victims of betrayal Whether we ve been suffer from lied to misled or cheated on there are different levels of losing trust Sometimes people simply can t trust anymore 72 It s understandable but if you re willing to build trust in a relationship again we have some steps you can take to get you there 73 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well being 74 If you ve been betrayed you are the victim of your circumstance But there s a difference between being a victim and living with a victim mentality At some point in all of our lives we ll have our trust tested or violated You didn t lose everything Once trust is lost what is left Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life 75 instead it s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room 键入文字 6 for positive growth and forgiveness A Learn to really trust yourself B It is putting confidence in someone C Stop regarding yourself as the victim D Remember that you can expect the best in return E Seeing the positive side of things doesn t mean you re ignoring what happened F This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships G They ve been too badly hurt and they can t bear to let it happen again 8 2015 年全国新课标 II 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 满分 10 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余 选项 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady gradual increases in the length of the runs 71 buy the best fitting best built running shoes you can find No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop When you have found shoes that seem right walk in them for a few days to double check the fit 72 As always you should stretch 伸展 at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries During the first week do not think about distance but run five minutes longer each day 73 it is wise to take a day off to rest But during the next week set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run 74 After two weeks start timing yourself 75 Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race A After six days B For a good marathon runner C Before you begin your training D With each day increase the distance by a half mile E If they still feel good you can begin running in them F Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time 9 2015 北京 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 共 10 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出 正确的填入空白处 选项中有两项为多余选项 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what s happening around them They can seem forgetful and clumsy 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things 键入文字 7 But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool First understand that some opportunities 机会 for daydreaming are better than others Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you re daydreaming try to do it while you are involved in another task preferably something simple like taking a shower or walking or even making meaningless drawings It s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate Mindfulness being focused is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep 74 Finally you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away 75 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds A Having interesting things to think about also helps B They stare off into space and wander by themselves C Without wandering minds we wouldn t have relatively Coke or Post it notes D At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses E It involves slow steady breathing for self control that helps people stay calm and attentive F Daydreams are often very simple and direct quite unlike sleep dreams which may be hard to understand G Therefore it s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you re in the daydream zone 10 2014 年全国课标 I 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选 项 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented 71 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds 1 Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious 72 Ask kids What ingredients 配料 can we add to make these pancakes even better next time and then try them out Did those ingredients make the pancakes better What could we try next time 2 Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it 73 There are a dozen different things you can do with them Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity 3 Personal skills 键入文字 8 Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids We know what s going on inside our own head but what about others Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions 74 Why do you think she s crying Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face If someone were to do that to you how would you feel 4 Self Expression 75 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music acting drawing building photography You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another A Encourage kids to cook with you B And we can t forget science education C We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways D We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories E Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill F So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don t yet exist G Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill 11 2014 年全国课标 II 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience there are three main reasons why people don t cook more often ability money and time 71 Money is a topic I ll save for another day So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule 1 Think ahead The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat So think about of the coming week When will you have time to cook Do you have the right materials ready 72 2 Make your time worth it When you do find time to cook a meal make the most of it and save yourself time later on Are you making one loaf of bread 73 it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something So save yourself the effort for a future meal 3 74 This may surprise you but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule The more you learn and the more you try the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule Hopefully that gives you a good start 75 and don t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live A Try new things B Ability is easily improved C Make three or four instead D Understand your food better E Cooking is a burden for many people F Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden G A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on 12 2014 北京 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 2 分 共 10 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的七个选项中选出 正确的填入空白处 选项中有两项为多余选项 键入文字 9 Evaluating Sources 来源 of health Information Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information how to separate fact from opinions how to recognize poor reasoning and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources 71 Go to the original source Media reports often simplify the results of medical research Find out for yourself what a study really reported and determine whether it was based on good science Think about the type of study 73 Watch for misleading language Some studies will find that a behaviour contributes to or is associated with an outcome this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it Use your common sense If a report seems too good to be true probably it is Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements 74 Evaluate scientific statements carefully and be aware of quackery 江湖骗术 75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life A Make choice that are right for you B The goal of an ad is to sell you something C Be sure to work through the critical questions D And examine the findings of the original research E Distinguish between research reports and public health advice F Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author s point of view G The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources 13 2013 年全国课标 I 第二节 共 5 小题 每小题 3 分 满分 15 分 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选 项 Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services Most businesses seek to make a profit 利润 that is they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business 71 Commonly called nonprofits these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers 72 Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning direction and control of the operations of a business 73 One is the establishment 制定 of broad basic policies with respect to production sales