资源描述
高三英语总复习之句子系列复习（4）状 语 从 句一、常见状语从句简介概说：由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。（一）时间状语从句 表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.He started as soon as he received the news.Once you see him, you will never forget him.No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.（二）原因状语从句 原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。e.g. He is disappointed because he didnt get the position.As it is raining, I will not go out.Now that you mention it, I do remember.（三）地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。e.g. Sit wherever you like. Make a mark where you have a question.（四）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.He left early in case he should miss the train.（五）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。 e.g. She was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting.He was so excited that he could not say a word. She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（六）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.So far as I know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank.If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.（七）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child as he is, he knows a lot.Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.（八）方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.He acted as if nothing had happened.（九）比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.The busier he is, the happier he feels.（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g. Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.If (you are) asked you may come in.If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）二、状语从句考点透视笔者根据近年高考试题，将状语从句的考点作了较为全面的归纳，让考生在复习备考时，明确状语从句在高考中究竟考什么、怎样考。考点一：时间状语从句1. when ,while ,as 的用法：when 意为“当/在时，每当”；while意为“在期间”，从句的谓语必须是延续性动词；as意为“一边一边，随着”，动词通常为动作动词。如：（1）He transplanted the little tree to the garden _it was the best time for it .A. where B. when C. that D. until 解析：选B，when 引导时间状语从句，句意为：在最合适的时候，他将小树移植了。（2）-I，m going to the post office.-_ youre there ,can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If 解析: 虽然as和while都可表示“在期间”，但as要与动作动词连用，而本题的“are there”是状态，不是动作，只能用while，故选B。2. before 的用法：before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：（3）The American Civil War lasted four years _ the North won in the end .A. after B. before C. when D. then解析：美国内战“在北方获胜之前”延续了四年，故选B。（4）Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. as B. since C. until D. before 解析：选D，句意为：有人半夜打来电话，但是我还没来得及接，对方就挂了电话。3until 和till 的用法：与肯定式的主句连用，主句谓语必须是延续性动词，till/ until表示“直到”；与否定式的主句连用，且主句谓语是结束性动词时，till/ until表示“直到才”。如：（5）We were told we should follow the main road_ we reached the central railway.A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever解析：选B，句意为：有人告诉我们，我们应当沿着这条主道往前走，直走到中心火车站。（6）-Was his father very strict with him when he was at school ? -Yes .He had never praised him_ he became one of the top students in his grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when解析：选C，句意为：直到他成为全级最优秀的学生，他父亲才表扬他。4表示“一就”的四类从属连词：as soon as= the moment(that); = the minute(that ); = the second(that); = the instant(that ); = immediately(that); = directly(that); = instantly(that); = no soonerthan; = hardlywhen.如：(7) Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her ? Yes ,I gave it to her I saw her.Awhile B. the moment C. suddenly D. once解析：选B，句意是“我一看见她就还给她了”，故选B。虽然once也可表示“一就”但含有很强的条件意味，即“一旦”，不合语境。5可引导时间状语从句的time 短语：every time, each time, (the) next time, (the)last time, by the time, the first time, any time等以time结尾的短语可引导从句。如：（8）I thought her nice and honest I met her.A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time解析：选项中只有the first time可引导时间状语从句，故选C。6It be since/before/when 句型：“It be +时间段+since”表示“自从以来有多久了”，但若从句谓词是延缓性动词时，则意为“（多久）不做了”；“It be +时间段+before”表示“过之后才”，若be 是否定式，则表示“没过就”。“It be +时间点+ before”表示“在之前，时间是”。“It be +时间点+when”表示“当时，时间是”。如：（9）It is almost five years we saw each other last time.A. before B. since C. after D. when解析：由句意“我们自上次见面以来已经五年了”可知选B。其中it is也可说成it has been.（10）That was really a splendid evening .Its years I enjoyed myself so much.Awhen B. that C. before D. since解析：在it后是is ,从句谓语是一般过去时，应用since，故选D；enjoy是延缓性动词，表示“多年没这么快乐过了”。（11）It was some time we realize the truth.A. when B. until C. since D. before 解析：由句意“过了一段时间之后，我们才了解事情的真相”可知用before，故选D。（12）It was evening reached the little town of Winchester.A. that B. until C. since D. before解析：由句意“我们在到达Winchester这个小镇之前，天就黑夜了”可知用before，故选D。（13）Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight o，clock he arrived home.A. before B. when C. that D. until解析：由句意“（当）他回来时，还不到8点”可知用when，故选B。考点二：地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在的地方)或 wherever(在的任何地方)等。如：（14）The famous scientist grew up he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever解析：表示“在他出生的地方”，用where引导地点状语从句，故选C。考点三：条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if ,unless(=if not如果不，除非)，as/so long as ,while(=as long as 只要)，supposing(that),provided/providing(that),in case(假使)，on condition that(在的条件下)等。如：（15）The WTO cannot live up to its name it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though解析：选C，句意是“如果WTO不包括一个占人类五分之一人口的国家，那么世贸组织也就名不符实了。”另外，as long as 表示惟一条件，语气过重。（16）It is known to all that you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health.A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if解析：由句意“如果你不经常锻炼，你就没有好的身体”可知用unless，故选A。(17) I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it.A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While解析：选C，句意为：只要我知道这引起钱是安全的，我就不担心了。考点四：目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that , in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免)，lest(免得，以防)，for fear that(以免，惟恐)等。从句中一般含有can , could, may, might ,will, would等情态动词。如：（18）Id like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 解析：选D，句意为：为了有时间喝杯茶，我想早到20分钟。（19）I always take something to read when I go to the doctors I have to wait.A. in case B. so that C. in order D. as if 解析：去看病时带些读物，显然是“以防万一”需要久等时好阅读，故选A。考点五：原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, since, now (that), when(既然), as, seeing (that)(由于), considering (that), given (that)(考虑到)等。如：（20）Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A. because B. though C. unless D. if解析：“艳阳天里有必要保护眼睛”是“父母亲应该认真对待孩子们买太阳镜的要求”的原因，故选A。（21） everybody knows about it ,I dont want to talk any more.A. For B. Even C. Since D. However解析：答案是C。句意是：既然大家都了解此事，我就不多说了。（22） youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. ANow that B. After C. Although D. As soon as解析：选A，句意为：既然你有机会，你不妨充分利用它。（23）Why do you want a new job youve got such a good one already?A. that B. where C. which D. when解析：选D，句意为：既然你有了这么好的一份工作，干吗不要找新的工作呢？考点六：让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的从属连词有although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whetheror(不论不管还是)以及“疑问词+ever”和“no matter +疑问词”等。如：（24），he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he mayD. Quiet as he may be a student 解析：as 引导让步状语从句时，表语、状语等要置于句首；当表语是单数名词前时，前面的不定冠词通常省略，故选。（25） I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless解析：由句意“尽管我承认他并不十全十美，但我的确喜欢他”可知用While（尽管），故选A。（26）There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, she was an only child.A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 解析：选C，句意是：尽管Kate 是独生女，但她从未感到孤独。（27）-Dad, Ive finished my assignment. -Good, and you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me.A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter解析：选B，句意是：不管你玩还是看电视，你千万不要打扰我。（28）He tried his best to solve the problem, difficult it was.Ahowever B. no matter C. whatever D. although解析：因difficult是形容词，修饰形容词要用连接副词however（不管多么），故选A。注：英语中，表示“虽然，尽管”之类的连词不可与表示“但是”的词but和副词however等连用，但可与yet ,still等连用。如：（29）Although he is considered a great writer, .A. his works are not widely readB. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely readD. still his works are not widely read解析：although不与but或however连用，排除B和C；虽可与still连用，但still应放在are之后，排除D；故选A。考点七：状语从句的连词 这是状语从句最常见的考查形式，命题意图是检测考生对逻辑关联词的实际运用能力。近年来考查的热点聚焦于： 1). 引导时间状语从句的when, while, as, before, until, since；引导条件状语从句的unless, once；引导地点状语从句的where以及引导目的(或结果)状语从句的so that等这些普通连词。 2). 引导时间状语从句的the moment , immediately；引导条件状语从句的in case；引导原因状语从句的now (that) 和引导让步状语从句的 even if，even though等这些特殊连词。例如： . It was some time _ we realized the truth. A. when B. until C. since D. before . - Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? - He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after 简析： before表明主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词之间的先后关系，有“在以前”, “没来得及就”，“不等就”的意思 (如句) ；句考查的是句型It + be + 时间段 + before.(过了/要过若干时间某人才做某事)。 . _ you tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 简析：unless意为“除非，若不”，相当于if not。 . If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where 简析：句中where the customs are really foreign to your own 是地点状语从句，in which 用于引导定语从句，因而不选A项。 . Id like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea. A. as soon as B. as a result C. in case D. so that 简析：句中so that（以便）引导的是目的状语从句。 . Youd better take something to read when you go to see the doctor _ you have to wait. A. even if B. as if C. in case D. in order that 简析：句中in case（以防万一） 引导的是条件状语从句。 . - Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? - Yes , I gave it to her _ I saw her . A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 简析：the moment （一就）引导时间状语从句，与as soon asimmediately相同。 . There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely , _ she was an only child. A. ever since B. now that C. even though D. even as 简析：even though she was an only child （尽管她是独生子女）是让步状语从句。考点八：状语从句的时态 主要考查 1). 在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的时间。 2). when, before , after引导的从句的动作与主句动作的先后关系。例如： . - What could you do if it _ tomorrow? - We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining . When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. A. started; had already hidden B. had started ; had already hidden C. had started; was hiding D. was starting ; hid 简析：若主从句的动作先后发生在过去，通常先发生的用过去完成时。before, after本身已能表达动作的先后关系，所以主从句的动作都可用一般过去时。 考点九：状语从句的强调 主要考查如何强调not until引导的时间状语从句和because引导的原因状语从句。例如： It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A. when B. that C. where D. before 简析：强调句的基本结构是It is/was +被强调部分+that/who.要判断一个句子是不是强调句，可以把It is/was . that/who.去掉，适当调整语序，如果句子完整，那一定是强调句。not until.句型的强调句形式为 It was not until . that.。考点十：状语从句的成分省略 主要考查在时间、条件、原因、让步、方式等状语从句中的成分省略问题或根据省略情况解决问题的能力。例如： . The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun . While watching television, _ . A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings 简析：句中once begun实际上就是once it is begun的省略形式。解答句时要考虑到状语从句成分省略的前提条件，那就是：主从句主语相同，且从句中含有be动词，因此我们可从watching television判断出主从句的主语都应是we ，再由rings的形式错误排除D。考点十一：状语从句的语气 这方面近年来较少考查。内容包括： 1). as if /as though从句、wish引导的宾语从句以及If only.（但愿，要是就好了）句子的虚拟情况：用一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。 2). if引导的非真实条件句。例如： . When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 简析：从句子提供的语境看来，笔并没有真的折断，因此从句应用虚拟语气。由于主从句动作是同时发生的，因而选项C是正确答案。 . You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 考点十二：状语从句或主句的语序 一般情况下，引导状语从句的连词应放在从句之首，其后用陈述句语序。但要注意以下几种倒装情况：1. “only + 状语从句”位于句首，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。 例如：Only when the war was over _ to his hometown. A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned. C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return2. not until 从句被提到句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，从句语序不变。 例如：Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize3. 表示“一就”的两个常见结构 “no sooner than.”和“hardly.when.”，当no sooner和“hardly位于句首时，主句用部分倒装语序，且用过去完成时态。 例如：- Did Linda see the traffic accident? - No, no sooner _ than it happened. A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone4. so/such.that（如此以致）结构中，so 或such位于句首加强语气时，主句用部分倒装语序。 例如：So difficult _ it to work out the problem that I decided to asked Tom for advice. A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found 简析：该句的正常语序是I found it so difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice . 5. as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。被提前的部分可以是从句的表语、状语或动词原形。若被前置的表语是单数名词时，须省略冠词。例如： . _, Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try . _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quite as he may be a student6. however或no matter how引导的让步状语从句的一般语序应为however/no matter how+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语动词。例如： 例如：Well have to finish the job, _. A. long it take however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes7. 应注意“The + 比较级 + 主语 + 谓语动词, the + 比较级+ 主语 + 谓语动词”这一句型结构中的词序。 例如：As far as I am concerned , education is about learning and the more you learn , _. A. the more for life you are equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life 简析：这一句型结构中的前半部分相当于一个条件状语从句。.the more you learn , the more equipped for life you are .相当于.if you learn more , you are more equipped for life . 1994-2008高考试题状语从句总汇1. How long has this bookshop been in business?_ 1982. ( 94 )A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since2. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. ( 94 ) A. asB. thatC. duringD. if3. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. ( 95 ) A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever4. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. ( 97 ) A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when5. I am going to the post office._youre there, can you get me some stamps? ( 99 )A. AsB. WhileC. BecauseD. If6. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. ( 99 ) A. whenB. whereC. thenD. there7. _ youve got the chance, you might as well make full use of it. ( 99 ) A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as8. Well have to finish the job, _. ( 99 ) A. long it takes howeverB. it takes however long C. long however it takesD. however long it takes9. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone. ( 00 ) A. asB. sinceC. untilD. before10. The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. ( 00 ) A. as long asB. whileC. ifD. even though11. The men will have to wait all day _ the doctor works faster. ( 01春季 ) A. ifB. unlessC. whetherD. that12. Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes, I gave it to her _ I saw her. ( 01春季 ) A. whileB. the momentC. suddenlyD. once13. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (02上海春季 ) A. more than twiceB. as twice as many C. twice as many asD. more than twice as many14. How far apart do they live?_ I know, they live in the same neighbourhood. ( 03上海 )A. As long asB. As well asC. As far asD. As often as15. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. ( 03上海 ) A. whenB. unlessC. afterD. until16. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. ( 03上海 ) A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken17. Dad, Ive finished my assignment.- Good, and _ you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. ( 03上海 )A. wheneverB. whetherC. whateverD. no matter18. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He has never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (03 北京春季) A. afterB. unlessC. untilD. when
展开阅读全文