上海市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类C卷

上海市英语中考复习专项训练：阅读理解（三） 说明议论类C卷一、 阅读理解 (共10题；共82分)1. （8分）阅读理解Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they have no teeth or claws. But plants can protect themselves in both physical and chemical ways.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly(冬青) have sharp prickles(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower places have more prickles than leaves on upper places. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach. Some plants, such as the oak trees(橡树), have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material, and eating such grasses wears down the animals teeth. Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter(苦) or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a worm bites a tobacco leaf (烟叶), the leaf produces a chemical smell. Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly leaves, and each prickle has poisonous water(毒液). Only one experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.（1）What can a plant do when it is under attack ? A . It can protect itself.B . It can run away.C . It can fight back.D . It must die.（2）Why do the leaves of the holly have sharp prickles according to the passage ? A . Because they are beautiful to watch.B . Because they stop people from picking.C . Because they stop grass-eating animals.D . Because they are lower.（3）How does an oak tree protect itself? A . It has leaves with sharp prickles.B . It has leaves with a sandy material.C . It has thick and hard leaves.D . Its leaves taste bitter.（4）What does the underlined word sandy mean in Chinese? A . 含盐的B . 坏掉的C . 含沙的D . 腐烂的（5）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A . The holly has thick and hard leaves.B . The oak tree has leaves with poisonous water.C . A plant has only one kind of way to protect.D . A tobacco leaf produces a chemical smell.2. （8分）阅读理解 This news is about a man. He is from Brazil and he is old. Its not quite the classic Santa looks. He has snow white hair and a beard. When it is Christmas, he plays Santa Claus. He sits in a shopping centre. And thousands of young Brazilian boys and girls will be queuing up to see this guy for Christmas. They talk to him about Christmas presents. Brazilian artist Vitor Martins has been a shopping mall Santa in Sao Paulo for 16 years.There is something interesting about the man. He has many pictures made out of ink on his body. Ninety-four per cent of his body has tattoos.Anyone doubting Martins commitment(奉献)to playing Santa has to do nothing more than having a quick look at the artwork which covers his skin.From Jesus to Jingle Bells, theres no shortage of Christmas-themed pictures made out of ink on his body to show his dedication(奉献).（1）Vitor Martins is . A . a salesmanB . an artistC . a musicianD . a shopping mall owner（2）Many young people in Brazil come to the shopping mall to . A . sit in the shopping centreB . buy the cheap thingsC . buy Christmas presentsD . see the artist Vitor Martins（3）The underlined word tattoos means in Chinese. A . 文身B . 表情C . 肌肉D . 肥胖（4）Which is NOT true according to the passage? A . Vitor Martins has been a shopping mall Santa for sixteen years.B . Vitor Martins plays Santa Claus when it is Christmas.C . Nobody doubts Vitor Martins commitment to playing Santa.D . There are many Christmas-themed pictures on Vitor Martins body.3. （6分）根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 Mexicos neighbors are the United States to the north and Guatemala (危地马拉)And Belize (伯利兹) to the south. Mexico is about one quarter of the size of the United States. Mexico has more than ninety million people. The official language of Mexico is Spanish. This makes Mexico the worlds largest Spanish-speaking country. Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico. The city is very high. It is 7 349 feet high (2 240 meters). This makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. The population of Mexico City grows bigger every day. Mexico also has its special plants. Many of the foods we eat originated (起源)in Mexico. Foods like beans, maize, avocados (鳄梨), tomatoes, peanuts, chili peppers, vanilla (香子兰) and chocolate come from Mexico. Mexico is also famous for its cactus (仙人掌) plants. Mexico has more kinds of cactuses than any other country!（1）Mexico is to the south of_. A . the United StatesB . BelizeC . GuatemalaD . Canada（2）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A . America is 15 times as large as Mexico.B . All the people in Mexico speak English.C . Mexico has more than 9 billion people.D . Mexico has more Spanish-speakers than Spain.（3）Mexico has_ kinds of cactuses than any other country. A . fewerB . moreC . lessD . most（4）All of these foods come from Mexico except_. A . avocadosB . chili peppersC . orangesD . chocolate（5）The best title for the text should be _. A . The geography of MexicoB . Plants of MexicoC . The population of MexicoD . Mexico4. （8分）Several years ago, a television reporter was talking to three of the most important people in America. One was a very rich banker, another owned one of the largest companies in the world, and the third owned many buildings in the center of New York.The reporter was talking to them about being important.How do we know if someone is really important? the reporter asked the banker.The banker thought for a few moments and then said, I think anybody who is invited to the Whiter House to meet the President of the United States is really important.The reporter then turned to the owner of the very large company. Do you agree with that?she asked.The man shook his head, No. I think the President invites a lot of people to the White House. Youd only be important if while you were visiting the President, there was a telephone call from the president of another country, and the President of the US said he was too busy to answer it.The reporter turned to the third man. Do you think so?No, I dont.he said. I dont think that makes the visitor important. That makes the President important.Then what would make the visitor important? the reporter and the other two men asked.Oh, I think if the visitor to the White House was talking to the President and the phone rang, and the President picked up the receiver, listened and then said, its for you.（1）This story happened in _.A . EnglandB . AmericaC . JapanD . Australia（2）The banker thought _.The owner of many buildings thought _.A . He was really important because he was a rich bankerB . The visitor to the White House was really importantC . The visitor who met the President of the United States was really importantD . the reporter was really important（3）The owner of many buildings thought _.A . He was really important because he owned many buildings in the center of New YorkB . The owner of the very large company was really importantC . The visitor was really important if he talking to the President and the President received a telephone call for the visitorD . The person who worked in the White House was really important5. （10分）Today there are many fires than in the past. Over 100,000 wildfires burn each year in America. Russia has 20,000 to 35,000 wildfires every year. Australia has on average 60,000 each year. These fires destroy（损害）huge areas of forests and burn hundreds of homes.Many experts believe there are several reasons for this sudden increase in fires. The first reason is climate（气候）change. Recent weather has been warmer and drier. This leads to dangerous fire conditions. When lightening strikes（发生雷电），dry grass easily catches fire. Hot winds add to the problem. The wind spreads a fire quickly. In 2010, Russia had the hottest and driest summer in a century. In just one month, 500 fires destroyed over 2,000 homes. Some people lost their lives.Traditional fire-fighting practices are another reason for the increase in fires. In America, firefighters used to quickly put out every fire. They didnt allow the grass and trees to burn. As a result, today many forests have thicker vegetation（植被）.Thicker vegetation means more fuel（燃料）for fires. Also, without fires from time to time, forests become overcrowded and unhealthy. Some trees are dead. The dead wood then easily catches fire. So surprisingly, America has many more fires today partly because of its past fire-fighting practices.Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, countries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除）dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore, if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.（1）Why did Russia have so many fires in one month in 2010?A . Because lightening spread the fire.B . Because there was much fuel for fires.C . Because there were not enough firefighters.D . Because it was unusually hot, dry and windy.（2）Why did Russia have so many fires in one month in 2010?A . Because lightening spread the fire.B . Because there was much fuel for fires.C . Because there were not enough firefighters.D . Because it was unusually hot, dry and windy.（3）What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A . Fires are serious threats to human beings.B . Australian firefighters dont put out fires.C . Fires can play an important role I forests.D . Its difficult for firefighters to control the fires.（4）What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A . Fires are serious threats to human beings.B . Australian firefighters dont put out fires.C . Fires can play an important role I forests.D . Its difficult for firefighters to control the fires.（5）Which of the following is true according to the passage?A . Not all the fires in the forests must be put out.B . Peoples carelessness leads to dangerous fires.C . Australia allows all the fires to burn naturally.D . There are more fires in Russia than in the USA.（6）Which of the following is true according to the passage?A . Not all the fires in the forests must be put out.B . Peoples carelessness leads to dangerous fires.C . Australia allows all the fires to burn naturally.D . There are more fires in Russia than in the USA.6. （8分）根据短文内容，选择正确答案。(C)Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles? Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because its easy-you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in the summer.However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a resource of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldnt need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we recycled all our plastic bottles, we wouldnt need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we dont recycle much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks recycled only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you recycled it, you would help the environment. But what can you do when there isnt a recycling bin near you? Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut in half, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.（1）What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage?A . Its healthy.B . Its clean.C . Its easy.D . Its expensive.（2）Plastic products are made from .A . energyB . oilC . rubbishD . plants（3） of plastic waste became rubbish in Greece in 2006.A . 10%oB . 50%C . 80%D . 90%（4）Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles?A . To recycle them.B . To make a piggy bank.C . To make a plant pot.D . To drop them into the river.（5）The underlined part in this passage tells us “ ”.A . To make a different life, youd better go outsideB . To look different, youd better wear green clothesC . To Protect the environment, you can do somethingD . To go green, you should use plastic products7. （8分）阅读理解 We can see trees here and there. Trees are important in the world. They are useful to man in three important ways.First, they give man food, wood and clean air. Trees give man food and they give many animals food, too. If there are no trees, many animals cant live. And its not easy for man to live.Second, trees can give us shade. On a hot summer day, children would like to relax under the shade of a tree after they play for a long time.Third, trees can help to stop bad weather. But in many places, people cut down a lot of trees. And then the weather gets bad.（1）Trees cant give man_. A . sunshineB . foodC . woodD . air（2）From the second paragraph(段落)，we know_. A . trees are mans foodB . trees are all the animals foodC . trees can give man and animals foodD . trees can give people water（3）The meaning of the underlined word shade is _. A . 日光B . 树荫C . 树梢D . 氧气（4）Trees can make the weather_. A . coldB . warmC . goodD . bad（5）The passage mainly(主要) tells us_. A . animals like trees very muchB . trees can bring different weatherC . trees are good for childrenD . trees are important to man8. （8分）阅读下面短文,从每题所给的三个选项(A、 B和C)中,选出最佳选项。Du Yijun, a 21-year-old Fudan University student, was one of the 36 people who died in the crush on New Years Eve on the Bund(外滩) in shanghai.On the night of December31, 2014, a holiday celebration turned into a terrible tragedy. “Overcrowding(过度拥挤) and the failure of the police to contro1 the crowds were the main reasons it happened,” the authorities(官方) said.For the last three years, light shows on the Bund have been successfully held for New Years Eve celebrations, but this year the light show was canceled and there were fewer police on hand. But the crowds came anyway. About 300,000 people were on the Bund by 8:30 that evening and more kept arriving until people suddenly became noisy and angry around 11:30. Some people fel1 on lhe stairs and were stepped heavily on and died.In shanghai,the authorities have reacted(作出反应) to the Bund tragedy by canceling big events. But this isnt really necessary. Better planning and better crowd contro1 can make sure the celebrations are safe.However, if youre going to a place where there wi1l be a big crowd, you should take notice of where the exits(出口)are, and if there are too many people, move away from the center of the crowd. And most importantly, if the crowd seems too big and makes you feel uncomfortable,Just leave. No celebration is worth losing your life over.（1）The underlined word“crush” in the passage probably means“_ ” in Chinese.A . 美丽的景色B . 成功的活动C . 拥挤的人群（2）How many people died in the Bund tragedy in Shanghai on Dec. 31, 2014?A . 21B . 36C . 300，000（3）What caused the tragedy to happen according to the authorities?A . Overcrowding and the failure of the police to contro1 the crowds.B . Unsafe exits and small squares to hold enough people.C . Bad weather and dark lights to guide people to leave.（4）What can we learn from the passage?A . The celebrations could go successfully if well organized.B . Its necessary to cancel all the events to avoid accidents.C . Its necessary to cancel all the events to avoid accidents.（5）The passage mainly tells us about .A . the failure of the police to protect peopleB . a tragedy happening on the Bund and its 1essonC . some successful light shows held in shanghai（6）The underlined word“crush” in the passage probably means“_ ” in Chinese.A . 美丽的景色B . 成功的活动C . 拥挤的人群（7）How many people died in the Bund tragedy in Shanghai on Dec. 31, 2014?A . 21B . 36C . 300，000（8）What caused the tragedy to happen according to the authorities?A . Overcrowding and the failure of the police to contro1 the crowds.B . Unsafe exits and small squares to hold enough people.C . Bad weather and dark lights to guide people to leave.（9）What can we learn from the passage?A . The celebrations could go successfully if well organized.B . Its necessary to cancel all the events to avoid accidents.C . Its necessary to cancel all the events to avoid accidents.（10）The passage mainly tells us about .A . the failure of the police to protect peopleB . a tragedy happening on the Bund and its 1essonC . some successful light shows held in shanghai9. （10分）阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 We drink tea every day. But more than three hundred years ago, most of the people in Europe did not know anything about tea. Some people heard about it, but very few of them knew what to do with it.There is a story about an English sailor. He went to countries in the east, the west and the south. He went to India and China. One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother. She told her friends about the present and asked them to a tea party. When her friends came to the tea party, the old woman offered (给) them brown tea-leaves. The old womans friends began to eat them. Of course, nobody liked the tea-leaves.At that time the sailor came in. He looked at the table and said, Mother, what have you done with the tea?I boiled (煮) it, as you said.And what did you do with the water?I threw it away, of course. answered the old woman.Now you may throw away the leaves too. said her son.（1）More than 300 years ago, most of the people in Europe _. A . drank tea every dayB . heard about teaC . knew nothing about teaD . liked to eat the tea-leaves（2）One day the English sailor brought his mother some tea from _. A . countries in the westB . countries in the southC . India or ChinaD . a tea shop in England（3）The sailors mother asked her friends to her house because _. A . the sailor told her to do soB . she wanted to ask her friends what to do with the teaC . she liked to make fun of her friendsD . she wanted to enjoy the tea together with her friends.（4）At the tea party, _. A . all the womans friends liked the teaB . nobody knew what to do with the teaC . the woman offered her friends some dried teaD . the woman gave her friends each a glass of tea water（5）What mistake did the old woman make? A . She boiled the tea.B . She did as the sailor said.C . She poured away the water.D . She didnt throw away the tea leaves.10. （8分）