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名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词,it用法,主谓一致一 名词1. 可数名词 复数形式的构成（略）注意：1）two women doctors,three men teachers2）sports meet运动会sports woman女运动员2.不可数名词 information,advice,news,paper（纸不可数，报纸论文可数）bread,meat,water,work,cloth,ink等。a piece of newa,four bottles of ink,two pieces of advice两条意见3.名词的所有格1）Chinas capital=the capital of China2）Jane and Helens room(共有)3）Bills and Toms bikes(不共有)4）at my aunts(在我婶婶家)，the teachers office(老师的办公室)，two days time (两天的时间)5）a friend of my fathers =one of my fathers friends(我父亲的一个朋友) a friend of mine=one of my friends（我的一个朋友）some books of my fathers（我父亲的一些书）6）body temperature(体温)evening suits(晚礼服)a bus stop(公共汽车站)oxygen supply(氧气供给)a story book(一本故事书)a model worker(模范工作者)the head engineer(主任工程师)the head teacher(班主任)mother deer(母鹿)students reading-room学生阅览室以上注意积累二代词1）单数you-he/she-IYou ,he and I should return on time.你，我，他都应准时返回。2）避免重复用that 或those代替前面提到的事物The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Qingdao.The machines are better than those we produced last year.这些机器比我们去年生产的要好。3）that指上文提到的事We have no time to do it.That is our trouble.我们没有时间去做，这就是我们的问题。（that指We have no time to do it.）但若指下文要叙述的事情，一般用thisWhat I require of you is this.You should finish it in two hours.我所要求你的是这一点，你应该在两小时内完成。三 数词1） hundreds /thousands /millions of-,dozens/scores of-five hundred,three dozen-2)in the 1990s=in the 1990s在20世纪90年代in the thirties在30年代特别注意：in his thirties在他30多岁时3序数词可换成another时，序数词前一般用a不用theWould you like a second apple?=Would like another apple?再吃一个苹果好吗？四 冠词1） play the violin/pianoplay basketball/volleyball2)用于发明物的单数名词前Who invented the wheel?谁发明了轮子？3)用在序数词前I like the fifth picture.注意：Why not try a third time?=Why not try another time?为什么不再试一次？4）the Yangtze(Rive)长江 ,the Pacific (Ocean)太平洋，the Missippi (River)密西西比河，the English Channel英吉利海峡the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉，the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉注意：Asia ,Africa,Europe,South America,North America,Oceania,Atarctica七大洲前不用the5）the Chinese ,the Americans6)the rich/the poor/the wounded/the old(谓语动词复数)7）by car/by bus/by plane/by air等注意：in the car ,on the bus等8）go to school/go to bed/in bed/go to hospital/in prison/send sb to prison等(病人，学生，囚犯等无冠词)注意：He went to the prison to see his son in prison.他到监狱去看坐牢的儿子。五介词1）in the east of China(范围内) to the east of China(范围外) east of China(既无the也无任何介词)六it的几种句型（1）it 作形式主语，形式宾语It is important that we （should） learn English well.（形式主语）It is said that something has been done to end the pollution.据说已经采取措施来清除污染。= Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.（形式主语）（2）I found/felt/thought it easy get along with him.(形式宾语) We think/ found/felt it no use keeping in touch with that company.(形式宾语)（3）like/hate it when- I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌嘴里塞满吃得东西在说话的人。I like it when you sing.我喜欢你唱歌。（4）It is likely that he will be late.他可能会迟到。=He is likely to be late.(5)强调句型 肯定句：It is/was+强调部分+that/who+其余部分I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.It was I that /who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.(不能用where)It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.(不能用when)强调句型一般疑问句：Is/was+it+强调部分+that/who+其余部分Was it you that/who told Jim the news in your office yesterday?强调句型特殊疑问句：疑问词+is/was+that/who+其余部分？Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?When was it that you told Jim the news in your office?Where was it that you told Jim the news yesterday?What was it that you told Jim in your office yesterday?Who was it that you told the news in your office yesterday?注意：以上强调句型不能强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词时（只能是一般现在时和一般过去时）在动词前加do/does/didI did tell Jim the news in our office yesterday.我昨天的确在我们办公室把这个消息告诉吉姆了。Do come tomorrow.=Be sure to come tomorrow.明天一定要来。He does often come.他的确经常来。注意it容易混淆的句型（1）It was midnight when he came back .他回来时已经半夜了。（时间状语从句）It was at midnight that he came back.(强调句型)=He came back at midnight.(2) It is /has been+时间+since从句It is /hasbeen five years since I came to China.=I came to China five years ago.=I have been in China for five years. It was/will be +时间+before从句，（还要过多久/过了多久就-）It will be three days before he makes a decision.还要过三天他才会做出决定。It was hours befores we met again.几个小时以后我们又见面了。（3）It is( high) time (that)+句子（从句中用过去式）It is time (that)he wrote a letter to his girlfriend.=It is time for him to write a letter to his girlfriend.(4)It/This is the first time (that) I have visited China. It/This was the first time (that) I had visited China.七主谓一致1） one third(三分之一),two thirds(三分之二)，(分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时，分母加s。)80percent 谓语动词单数还是复数由后面的名词而定。60 percent of the work has been finished.百分之60的工作已经完成。Three fifths of the students in our class are girls.我们班五分之三的学生是女生。2）主语后接with,together with,as well as,but(除-外)，except(除-外)，including,like(像-一样)等，谓语动词由主语而定An expert,together with some assistants,was sent there to help with the work.一位专家和一些助手被派到那儿帮助工作。3）there be/here be-,neither-nor-,either-or-,not only-but also-就近原则Thereis a lamp,three books on the desk.=There are three books and a lamp on the desk.Not only he but (also)you have to go there.=Not only you but (also)he has to go there.4)family(家庭),team（队）,class（班级）-谓语动词单数family(全家人)，team（全体队员），class（全班同学）谓语动词复数When the raecher came in, the class were reading English.老师进来时，全体同学正在读英语。Our class is made up of 51 students.我们班又51个学生组成。5）maths,politics,phsics不可数 ，谓语动词单数6）trousers,scissors(剪刀)，shorts(短裤)，socks（袜子），clothes ,chopsticks谓语动词复数a pair of trousers/ scissors/ shorts/ socks , a suit of clothes (一套衣服)谓语动词单数My trousers are too long. This pair of trousers is dirty.7）the United States,the United Nations(谓语动词单数)The United States is a big country.8)all所有的一切谓语动词单数all 所有的人/学生谓语动词复数All are here.所有的人都到齐了。All I want is this.我想要的就是这个。9）people，police，cattle，goods等词作主语谓语动词复数Cattle feed on grass. The police are looking for the thief. All the goods have arrived. 10）the rich/the poor/the wounded/the old(谓语动词复数)The old are respected in China.11)The singer and dancer is talking there.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家正在那边谈话。（一人） The singer and the dancer are talking there.那位歌唱家和那位舞蹈家正在那边谈话。（两人）名词，代词，数词，冠词，介词,it用法，主谓一致练习一基本题1.He was nearly drowned once.When was _?_ was 1998 when he was in middle school.A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This2.Your coffee smells great!Its from Mexico. Would you like_?A.any B. little C. this D. some3.Which of the two dictionaries do you want?I want_. Please show me_.A. none; another B. all; the other C. neither; the other D. neither; another4. The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.A. it B. those C. that D.one5. For quite _ students，their teachers advice is more important than _ of their parents.A.few,one B. a few,that C.a little,some D.a lot,many6.Because the first pair of shoes did not fit properly, I asked for _.A. another shoes B. another one C. the others ones D. another pair7.What kind of person do you want to help you?_ always trying his best and never giving up in time of difficulty.A.That B. The one C.One D.Such8.He said that two _ would come to our school the next day. A. woman scientistB. women scientistC. woman scientistsD. women scientists9.Father went to his doctor for _ about his _ trouble. A. advice; heartB. advices; heartsC. advices; heartD. advice; hearts10.The village is far away from here indeed.Its _walk.A. a four hour B. a four hoursC. a four-hours D. a four hours11._doesnt matter whether I attend the meeting or not.A.This B.That C. It D.What12.Was_at the school _was named after a hero_he spent his childhood?A.it ,which ,that B.that ,that ,that C.it ,that ,which D.that ,it ,that13.It was not_she took off her dark glasses_I realized she was a famous film star.A.when ,that B. until ,that C. until ,when D.when ,then14.I hate_when you talk too much.A. it B.that C.you D.them15.What a pity my new computer doesnt work! _must be something wrong with it.A.It B.There C.This D.That16. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifths; are C. Two fifth; are D. Two fifths; is17.Miss Smith thought _ a great honour to be invited to speak to all of us.A. that B. this C. it D. Her18. When we study a globe, we can see _ is thelargest ocean and _ the largest continent.A. the Pacific; AsiaB. Pacific; the AsiaC. the Pacific; the AsiaD. Pacific; Asia19. My family as well as I _ glad to see you. A. was B. is C. are D. am20. You can have _ second try if you fail _ first time.A. the; /B. / ; a C. the; a D. a; the1-5ADDCB 6-10 DBDAD 11-15CABAB 16-20DCACD一高考题1(全国卷一33)It is generally accepted that _boy must learn to stand up and fight like _man. Aa, a B. a, the Cthe, the Da, 不填2.(2011全国二11)I got this bicycle for _:My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing3.(2011全国二16)As he reached_front door,Jack saw _strange sight.A.the, 不填 B.a ,the C.不填， 啊 D.the ,a4.（2011福建卷21）. We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 5.（2011四川卷3）. There is _ in his words. We should have a try. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything6.（2011辽宁卷27.）- Would you like tea or coffee? - _, thank you. Ive just had some water.A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither7. （2011上海卷26）To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _.A. the other B. other C. the others D. another8.（2011山东卷21）Take your time-its just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a9.（2011山东卷24）The two girls are so alike that strangers find _difficult to tell ond from the other.A. it B. them C.her D. that10.（2011山东卷30）Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyondB. withC. amongD. over11.（2011四川卷8）Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there.A. in B. for C. of D. on12.（2011四川卷13）Always remember put such dangerous things as lives out childrens A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance13.（2011四川卷18）Dr.Peter Spence,_ headmaster of the school,told us, “_fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A.不填；A B.不填；The C.the;The D.a;A14.（2011安徽卷22） Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D.herself15.（2011浙江卷2） Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso. A. the ;不填B. a ;theC. a; 不填D. the; a 16. （2011浙江卷5）I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A. onB. forC. byD. of17. （2011浙江卷18）Anyway, I cant cheat him - its against all my _. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions18.(2011山东卷34)Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship19.（2011湖南卷24） I knew that _ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing20.Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?Because the old one has been damaged _.（2008江苏卷）A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description21.(2004全国卷)I like _in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one22.（2011安徽卷27） The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A.is B.are C.was D.were23.（2011湖南卷26） One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.A .is ， are B is ， is C are ， are D are ， is24.（2011陕西卷13）As is known to all,_Peoples Republic of China is _biggest developing country in the world.A. the ,不填 B. 不填，the C.the ,the D.不填 ，不填25.-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen ,dear? -_one?A.Other B.Every C.Another D.More26.（2011江西卷31）Whats the_, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself?A. sympathy B. theme C. object D. point27.（2011福建卷）The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.A. result B. cause C. warning D. reflection28.(2010湖北卷22).After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A. occupation B. furniture C. equipment D. accommodation29.(2010江苏卷). The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization30.(2010浙江卷).The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct . A. solution B. target C. measure D. function1-5ADDCA 5-10DDBAD 11-15DCACD 16-20BBADB21-25CDACC26-30DBDBA
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