宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法内容.doc

宾语从句学习：宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法内容，同时它也是中考必考的容易失分的一个项目。 要学好宾语从句，必须掌握好它的基本概念，基本特点和有关难点。 基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，它在复合句中作主句谓语动词,介词或某些形容词的宾语。 I think (that) you will like the students. They often worry about whether they can get the jobs. 基本特点： 一 选择合适的连结词。 1词that（在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述句做宾语从句。如： I tell him that I have read the story. 2连词if或whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? 3代词who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose（定语）、which（主语、定语）；连接副词when, why, how, where, (均作状语)。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。 He didnt know when he would leave for Shanghai. 二.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。 (1_)主句（主语谓语vt）（that）从句（主语谓语）； (2 )主句if/whether从句（主语谓语）； (3)主句连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which+陈述句语序（主语谓语）； （4）主句连接副词when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如： 1）Can you hear_? A. what did he asy B. that he said C. what he said 2)Can you tell me ? Whats your name ? Can you tell me what your name is ? 3)He didnt under stand . Can this machine work? He didnt understand if this machine could work. 初中英语宾语从句复习概略(2) 三要遵循时态的一致性原则。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。 1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以使用各种时态。 2.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时等等。 He told me had collected three hundred stamps . 四相关的难点及考点。 1连结词that的省略。 在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时可以省略。例如： I think (that) it is terrible. 但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。 2Whether 不能换为if的情况。 He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. （该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。） 3语序例外的特例。 Whats the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种前况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如： The teacher asked the students what the matter was. The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 3时态例外的特例。 尽管主句是一般过去时，但如果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。如： The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . He said that the sun rises in the east. 5.宾语从句否定意义的转移。 在think , believe , suppose,imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如： I dont think he has time to play with girl. 6关于反意疑问句。 在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，其疑问部分的构成方法是：“结构看从句，肯定否定看主句” 如： He thought it was late , wasnt it ? 初中英语宾语从句复习概略(3) 7宾语从句和状语从句的分辩。 在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if 引导的宾语从句或状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理： 当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。 He doesnt know if the famous singer will come tomorrow. 当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。 He will come if he has time tomorrow. 五实践操练： 1In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book Athat Bhow Cwhat Dif 2I dont know _ MrGreen will come to see us He will help us with our English Awhy Bwhen Chow Dwhere 3We never know _ the old m an is They say he is a teacher Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 4I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers Athat how Bhow that Cwhen that Dthat when 5Do you know _ ？Im going to see him Sorry，I dont know Awhere does MrLi live Bwhere did MrLi live Cwhere MrLi lives Dwhere MrLi lived 6W here do you think _ he _ the computer？ Sorry，I have no idea A；bought Bhas；bought Cdid；buy Ddoes；buy 7I dont feel very wellMum asked me _ this morning Awhat the matter is Bwhat is wrong Cwhat the matter was Dwhat wrong was 8Where is Jack？ He is away to spend his holidayHes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but Im not sure _ Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere (以上题目选自全国各地中考试题) 9Do it cost much money to fly to Beijing ? Could you tell me ?(合并为一个复合句) Could you tell me _ it _ much money to fly to Beijing ? 10. Some people wondered. Have Mallory and Irvine reached the top first? (合并成一复合句) Some people wondered _ Mallory and Irvine _ reached the top first _not. 11. Do you know _? A. What time will the plane take off B. What time would the plane take off C. What time the plane will take off D. the plane will take off at what time 12The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter was C. what the matter is D. whats the matter 13. Nobody but Jim and his uncle _. A. know who is he B. know who he is C. knows who is he D. knows who he is 14. Wang Hai told me _he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why) 15.Can you tell me _else is going to be on duty? (who, whom) 16.She said _it wouldnt matter much.(that, if) 初中英语宾语从句复习概略(4) 17.He always thinks _ can do better.(how, who) 18.I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon) 19.The teacher didnt begin her class the students stopped talking. Auntil Bbecause Cafter Dwhen 20.If it tomorrow, well go to the Great wall. Adoesnt rain Bwont rain Cnot rains Disnt rain 21.Could you tell me we get to the plane? Ahow Bwhether Cwhere Dwhat 22.When they got to the cinema, the film for the ten minutes. Ahad been on Bhas begun Cbegan Dhad begun 23.The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmasters desk. Aif Bwho Cthat Dwhat 24.、Lucy looks stronger Lily. Athan Bas Cthen Dnot as 25.I know nothing about it he told me. Abecause Bsince Cuntil Dafter 26.You must make your new house clean and safe you move in. Abecause Bwhen Cbefore Duntil 27.I was tired I couldnt walk on. Asothat Btooto Cverythat Dveryto 28.I thought he to see his mother if he time. Awill gohas Bwill go will have Cwould go would have Dwould go had 29. I hope he (come) back in a week. 30.She said they (know) each other for quite some time. 宾语从句与中考试题 14 D A A D 58 C A C C 9.if,costs10.if,had ,or11C 12A 13.D 14.why 15.who 16that 17.how 18.how soon 19 A 20 A21.A22.A23.C 24.A 25.C 26.、C 27.A 28D29will come 30.had known