高考英语语法复习专题-非谓语动词.doc

高考英语语法复习专题 - 非谓语动词一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。（7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。Why not、had better、would rather、cant but等词后省to。如：He could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished yourhomework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.原因状语Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents.结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。（2）分词作表语。S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别： 感官动词 动词原形做了某事S+ + 宾语 + 现在分词正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词做了或被做5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.（2）作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.（3）作条件状语Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.（4）伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2001)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(2001年春季高考)A.correct B.correcting C.corrects D.to correct解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过，凭”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)A.having hung B.hanging C.hangs D.being hung解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。4.“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob, out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked解析：答案为A。本句考非谓与动词作伴随状语。全句合理的句意是：Bob看着窗外说，“我们不能在这种天气出去”。Bob在说话的同时在看着窗外，应使用现在分词一般式，表主动和进行。A项正合语境。B项不定式表主动、将来的动作。C项表被动完成的动作（上处不是并列谓语）。D项表完成的主动动作，均不和语境。5.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures in your mind instead of before your eyes.A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed解析：答案为C。全句意为：读书是一种与看电视相当不同的体验，有画面在你的心中，而不是在你的眼前形成。所以本题考非谓语动词，表主动且进行着的动作。人们看书时，读到什么情节或场面，这样的情节或场面便（同时）在心中形成。6.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told解析：答案为B。本题考查非谓语用法。only + to do 常用此结构作结果状语，tell及物动词，tell之后常带双宾结构，故tell采用被动形式。基础训练一1. - Can you ride a horse?- No, I never had the chance _. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how2. Paul said, Give me a chair _. A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on3. I ran too fast _ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice4. - Have you enjoyed your visit here?- Yes, Ill be very sorry_ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving5. - Ill help you whenever you need me. - Good. Id like _me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help6. - I didnt hear you come in last night.- Thats good. We tried_ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place8. - Why was the official meeting called?- _ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting9. - Where did he go?- He went to another store _. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils10. - My baby has a heart trouble.- Did the doctor find it difficult _ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat11. - Did the judge ask you many questions?- Yes, and _. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering12. That beggar seems _ anything yesterday.A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didnt eat D. to not have eaten13. The lost child desired nothing but _ home. A. go B. to go C. going . D. went14.That box is_. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry15. Would you be _ to do me a favour, please? A. so kind as . B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind16. To learn to speak English well,_. A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice17. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to18. Last summer I took a course on _ . A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made19. The house is not large enough _ . A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living20. Nobody likes _. A. to speak ill of B. to be spoken ill of C. speaking ill of D. spoken ill of21. I know him _ a good football player while in college. A. to have been B. to be C. was D. had been22. I was surprised_. A. watching him to eat so quickly B. watch him eat so quickly C. watching him eat so quickly D. to watch him eat so quickly23. Mr. White was seen _ the Palace Museum. A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to entering24. I saw Mary _ the house. A. open the door and go into B. to open the door and to go into C. open the door and to go into D. open the door and went into25. Paul does nothing but _ all day long. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played26. Now we could not do anything but _ for him here. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait D. wait27. I dont know her and I dont _ . A. want B. want to C. want it D. to want28. - Go to the theatre with me, will you?- I should like _, but I dont have time. A. to B. too C. to do D. to go to29. To play fair is as important as _. A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well30. It is the greatest happiness on earth _. A. loving and to be loved B. to love and being loved C. to love and to be loved D. love and be loved31. _ is better to love than _ . A. That, to be loved B. That, be loved C. It, be loved D. It, to be loved32. Its very foolish _ it? A. for you to say B. of you to say C. with you saying D. in your saying33. It _ me two hours to find your new house. A. cost B. took C. spent D. used34. We did not expect our offer _ so quickly. A. rejected B. to reject . C. to be rejected D. rejecting35. He told her _ there at once. A. get B. gets C. should get D. to get36. We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A. for you making B. of you to make C. you to make D. for you to make37. I really dont know _ . A. to swim B. how to swim C. to swim how D. how swim38. - What do you think about English?- Its a difficult language _.A. speaking B. to be spoken C. to speak D. spoken基础训练二1. Alien said that his trip was _. A. interested B. interest C. interesting D. of interest2. We cant understand _ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making3. I couldnt understand _ at the poor child. A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing4. Its no use_ with him. You might as well _ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue5. It is no good _ todays work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave6. The old mans _ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have7. Its very kind _ you _ say so. A. of, to B. for, to C. to, to D. of, /8. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _ . A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing9. Remember _ the book, when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back10. You didnt hear us come back last night. Thats good. We tried _ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being11. Though he failed, he tried _ it again and again. A. to do B. doing C. do D. done.12. Youll regret _ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C. having said D. to have said13. You can keep the book until you _ . A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read14. We are looking forward to _ another chance _ it again. A. be given, to try B. give, to try .C. giving, trying D. having, to try15. Most of the students enjoy_ stamps. A. collect B. to collect C. collecting D. collected16. Excuse me for _ in without _. A. coming, asking B. coming, being asked C. to come, asking D. to come, being asked17. People couldnt help _ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing :18. What do you think of the book?Oh. excellent, its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read19. I usually go there by train.Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going20. I was too excited _ . A. speak B. to speak C. not to speak D. speaking21. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him23. The murder was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied24. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive.25. The computer centre, _ last year is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened.26. Do you know the boy _ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying27. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited28. English is a language _ in many countries. A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak29. Can you read? Mary said to the notice. A. angrily, pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily, pointed D. and angrily pointing30. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of Tight. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed31. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given32. _their students, the famous teacher came into the hall. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed33. Your flat needs _ . Would you like me it for you? A. to clean, to doB. cleaning, doing C. cleaning, to do D. to be cleaned, doing34. Does your new secretary _ short hand? A. know to take B. know how to take C. know how take D. know how taking35. Tommy had his big brother _ his shoes for him. A. to tie B. tie C. tied D. tying36. Would you please _ write on the textbooks? A. dont B. not to C. not D. to not37. Id _ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having38. Your mother and I are looking forward_ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing39. The girl couldnt_ how red his face was. A. help to notice B. be helping to notice C. be helping noticing D. help noticing40. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature _. A. taking B. to