2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版

17 凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版SectionUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can _2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young mansparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the brides and grooms wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wifes parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.Aby way ofBon behalf of Cas well as Dwith regard to2.Aadapt to Bprovide for Ccompete with Ddecide on3.Aclose Brenew Carrange Dpostpone4.AAbove all BIn theory CIn time DFor example5.AAlthough BLest CAfter DUnless6.Ainto Bwithin Cfrom Dthrough7.Asince Bbut Cor Dso8.Acopy Btest Crecite Dcreate9.Afolding Bpiling Cwrapping Dtying10.Apassing BlightingChiding Dserving11. Ameeting Bcollection Cassociation Dunion12. Agrow Bpart Cdeal Dlive13. Awhereas Buntil Cif Dfor14. Aobtain Bfollow Cchallenge Davoid15. Aisolated Bpersuaded Cviewed Dexposed16. Awhatever Bhowever Cwhenever Dwherever17.AchangedBbrought CshapedDpushed18.AwithdrawnBinvestedCdonatedDdivided19. Abreaks Bwarms Cshows Dclears20.Aso Bwhile Conce Din that Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. Thats a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?ANew runways would be constructed.BPhysical beauty would be redefined.CWebsites about dieting would thrive.DThe fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning toAheightening the value of.Bindicating the state of.Closing faith in.Ddoing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?ANew standards are being set in Denmark.BThe French measures have already failed.CModels are no longer under peer pressure.DIts inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW forApursuing perfect physical conditions.Bcaring too much about models character.Cshowing little concern for health factors.Dsetting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?AA Challenge to the Fashion Industrys Body IdealsBA Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceCJust Another Round of Struggle for BeautyDThe Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2 For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hills pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They dont make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties. The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones? Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europes most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternativethe corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britains public sentiment about the countryside_Adidntstart till the Shakespearean age.Bhas brought much benefit to the NHS.Cis fully backed by the royal family.Dis not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being_Agradually destroyed.Beffectively reinforced.Clargely overshadowed.Dproperly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?ALabour is under attack for opposing development.BThe Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.CThe Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.DUkip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osbornes preference_Ahighlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.Bshows his disregard for the character of rural areas.Cstresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.Dreveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of_Athe size of population in Britain.Bthe political life in todays Britain.Cthe enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.Dthe town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Fiedmans premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a companys products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a companys products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under Americas Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a companys products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a companys record in CSR. We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials, says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedmans statement about CSR with A tolerance B skepticismC uncertaintyDapproval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a companyAl winning trust from consumers. B guarding it against malpractices.C protecting it from being defamed.D raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression more lenient (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning toAl more effective.B less controversial.C less severe.D more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a companys CSR recordAl has an impact on their decision.B comes across as reliable evidence.Cincreases the chance of being penalized. D constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.BThenecessaryamount of companiesspending on it is unknown.C Companies financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated. D Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry. Text 4 There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the papers publisher said back in 2010. Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,theres plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isnt just expensive ;its excessive at a time when online-only competition dont have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining. Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti. Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. It was seen as a blunder. he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? l wouldnt pick year to end print.he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. So if youre overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping, peretti said. Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue. In other words, if youre going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription. Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business, Peretti remarked. But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, its better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly dueAthe high cost of operation.Bthe pressure form its investors.Cthe complaints form its readersDthe increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should Aseek new sources of readership.Bend the print edition for goog.Caim for efficitent management.Dmake strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”Ahelps restore the glory of former times.Bis meant for the most loyal customers.Cwill have the cost of printing reduced.Dexpands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,Alegacy businesses are becoming outdatedBcautiousness facilitates problem-solving.Caggressiveness better meets challenges.Dtraditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?AShift to Online Newspapers All at OnceBCherish the Newspapers Still in Your HandCMake Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodDKeep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list AG for each of the numbered paragraphs(4145)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)ACreate a new image of yourselfBHave confidence in yourself CDecide if the time is rightDUnderstand the contextEWork with professionalsFMark it efficientGKnow your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look. The different between todaysworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of optionsis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress Tshirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by socialmedia services like LinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two ago.Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can beconfusing. So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And whats the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:41.As an executive coach, Ive seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitionswhen looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If youre in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If youre not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe theres no need for an upgrade and thats OK.42Get clear on what impact youre hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their profe