八年级下册Unit8英语知识点.doc

八年级下册Unit8英语知识点1、island 岛 on the island 在岛上 an island 一个岛屿2、full of 满是的， 充满， 装满。（1）后边常常接名词，full of 与后边的名词一起构成后置定语，修饰前边的名词。full of 相当于filled with例句：the basket full of apples. the cup full of water . （2） full of 前边也可以与be动词连用，在句中做谓语。be full of相当于be filled with.例句：The classroom is full of students.= The classroom is filled with students The box is full of apples.= The box is filled with apples.3、already与yet（1）already “已经” 常用于现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在have/has之后、过去分词之前或句末。例句：They have finished their homework already . The train has left already .（2）yet “已经” 用于现在完成时的疑问句中。例句：Have you eaten yet ? Have they read this book yet ?（3） yet “还” “尚” 用于现在完成时的否定句中。例句：He hasnt done his homework yet . The train hasnt arrived yet .（4）not yet 还没有 常用于回答现在完成时的一般疑问句。例句：Have you eaten yet ? Not yet.4、英语中，疑问词what/how/which/where/who/when 后边出现动词时，往往用“疑问词 + to do sth ”结构，此结构在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语.例句：I cant decide when to start . please tell me what to do next . He doesnt know where to live . Do you know which to buy ?5、finish doing sth 做完某事例句：Did you finish watching TV ? I have finished cleaning the room .6、put down 放下 down是副词，接代词时，代词要放在中间。例句：Your bag is very heavy ,please put it down .7、page 页 表示第页时，用page + 数字 例句： page 18 18页 page 42 42页8、in + 一段时间 在后，常用于一般将来时。例句：They will be back in three days . after + 一段时间 在后，常用于一般过去时。例句： He went to Beijing after three days .9、cut down砍倒 down是副词，接代词时，代词放中间例句: The trees are important, Dont cut them down.10、learn to do sth 学习做某事 learn from 向学习例句：We should learn from that boy . When did you learn to play the piano ?11、else 别的 其他的 常放在疑问词和something/anything/nothing等词的后边。例句：What else can you do ? I have something else to say.12、how long 与 how soon （1）how long 多长时间 常用于对“for + 一段时间”或“since + 过去的时间点”提问，主要用于一般过去时或现在完成时。例句：How long did you study English ? I studied English for 2 years. How long have you lived here ? I have lived here since last year .（2）how soon 多久 常用于对“in + 一段时间”提问，主要用于一般将来时。例句：How soon will he be back ? He will be back in two days .13、one ,the other . （两者之中）一个，另一个。例句：He has two sons ,one is a doctor , the other is a worker .注意下边的例句：He has four books , one is about Chinese , the others (the other three) are about English .14、named 是name 的过去分词，被命名为的， 名字叫的，named与后边的名词一起修饰前边的名词。例句：The boy named Tom is a friend of mine . I have a student named Chong tongyao .15、in the middle of 在中间例句：in the middle of the road. in the middle of the river .16、cant wait to do sth 迫不及待去做某事例句：I cant wait to watch football game . cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事例句：He couldnt help laughing when he heard the news.17、abroad 在国外 到国外 abroad 是副词，前边不加任何介词。go abroad 去国外18、million 百万 同hundred(百)、thousand(千)的用法相同。（1）表示具体数字时，用“基数词 + million + 名词复数”。例句：two million dollars eight million soldiers（2）表示不确定的数字时，用“millions of + 名词复数” “数百万的” 例句：millions of books millions of people 19、introduce sb to sb 向某人介绍某人例句：I introduced my parents to my friends yesterday . introduced oneself to sb 向某人作自我介绍例句：Can you introduce yourself to us ?20、belong to 属于 后接名词或代词宾格。例句：This book belongs to Tom . The house belongs to him .21、What do you think of?=How do you like? 你认为（觉得）怎么样？用来询问某人对某事的看法。例句：What do you think of this film ? Its great.22、at the end of. 在终点（尽头），在末例句：We will have a speech contest at the end of this month . You can find a hospital at the end of the street .23、a number of 和 the number of（1）a number of 许多 相当于many, 修饰可数名词复数。例句：A number of students are playing games .（2）the number of . 的数量（数字） 做主语时，谓语用单数。例句：The number of the students in our school is 600.24、must be 一定是（在） 准是（在） 表示对事物的判断或推测。例句：He must be our new teacher . Tom must be at home . may be 可能是（在） 也许是（在）例句：He may be Toms brother . She may be in the hospital . cant be 不可能是（在）例句：He cant be at home .一般情况下，把含有must be 的句子变成否定句时，把must be 改成cant be.25、sound (听起来)，look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（感觉）等联系动词在句中做谓语时，后便常常接形容词作表语。例句：Your idea sounds right . He looks young . The food smells good. I feel excited . sound like 听起来像例句：That sounds like a good way .26、Keeping healthy is important. 英语中，动词一般不能做主语，动名词（动词后加ing）可以做主语。动名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。例句：Playing basketball is my hobby .27、used to + 动词原形 过去常常做某事be (get) used to + 名词、动名词或代词 习惯于例句：He used to get up early. He is used to getting up early .28、hope 希望（1）hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to go abroad .（2）hope + 从句 希望某人做某事例句：I hope you can help me with my English .29、on the radio 通过收音机 on the computer 通过电脑 on the phone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视30、come to realize 逐渐意识到例句: He came to realize Mr wang was a good teacher .31、all of + 不可数名词、名词复数或代词宾格 所有的例句：all of them all of the workers all of water 32、kind（1）种类a kind of . 一种 An apple is a kind of fruit.all kinds of . 各种各样的 all kinds of booksdifferent kinds of 不同种类的different kinds of bookskind of 有几分 有点 I am kind of hungry .（2）和蔼的 仁慈的 be kind to sb 对某人和蔼（友好）例句：She is very kind to us .33、east 东 south 南 west 西 north 北 southeast 东南 northeast 东北 southwest 西南 northwest 西北 eastern 东方的 southern 南方的 western 西方的 northern 北方的 southeastern 东南方的 northeastern 东北方的 southwestern 西南方的 northwestern 西北方的34、such as 例如 用来列举整体之中的部分同类人或事物，such as 之前一般用逗号与主句隔开，后边直接接名词或名词性短语。例句：I have lots of hobbies, such as reading and singing .35、Its + 形容词或名词 + for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是。例句：Its not a good idea to copy others homework. Its important for us to listen to the teacher .36、do some research on 做一些关于的研究例句：He is doing some research on physics.37、one day （有）一天 可以指过去，也可以指将来例句：One day, I met Tom in the shop . Your dream will come true one day .38、bring back 带回例句: What did you bring back when you came back from America ?39、hurry up 赶快 on the sand 在沙子上 grow up 长大go to the movies/ see the film 看电影 think about 考虑at least 至少 full of feelings 充满感情 a broken ship 一艘坏船each other/ one another 彼此 not long after that 那之后不久40、ever since then 自从那时起 常用于现在完成时例句：Ever since then , We have been good friends .41、fight over(about) 因为争吵（争斗）42、be interested in + 名词、动名词或代词 对感兴趣例句：He is interested in sports. Im interested in playing football .43、the importance of 的重要性例句：Do you know the importance of the computer ?41、现在完成时。（1）概念或用法：a、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例：She has finished her homework 。b、表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for+一段时间”或“since+过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子”连用。这种用法中，谓语动词多是延续性动词。例：We have known each other for 20 years. I have lived here since 1985( since I was born )（2）构成：have(has)+动词的过去分词。（3）句式：肯定句：主语+ have(has)+动词的过去分词+。否定句：主语+ have(has)+not+动词的过去分词+。疑问句：Have(Has)+主语+动词的过去分词+？肯定回答：Yes，主语+ have(has)。否定回答：No，主语+ havent(hasnt)。例：She has learned ten songs already. Have you seen the film yet ?Yes ,I have .( No,I havent.)（4）动词过去分词的变化规则：a、一般情况下，动词词尾加ed; 以e结尾的直接加d；b、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，把y变成i 后加ed;c、个别单词双写最后一个字母后加ed;d、不规则动词参见“不规则动词表”。（5）在现在完成时的用法b中，“表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态”。此时谓语动词必须是延续性动词。因此某些暂短性动词在此用法中需要转换成延续性动词。常见的有：buyhave borrowkeep diebe dead diebe dead leavebe away(from) start(begin)be on come(go)be in (at) joinbe a member go out be out 例：The dog has died. The dog has been dead for a week. Tom has bought two pens. Tom has had two pens for a month.The meeting has begun.The meeting has been on for two hours.He has borrowed two books He has kept the books for two weeks .（6）have(has) been to+ 地点 表示“去过某地”。have(has) gone to + 地点 表示“到去了”。have(has) been in + 地点 表示“在某地呆多长时间”。例：They have gone to London. I have been to Shanghai .He has been in Beijing for ten years .（6）与现在完成时连用的词或短语。already（“已经”，用于肯定句）,yet（“已经”，用于疑问句、“还”，用于否定句）,just （刚刚）,ever（曾经）,never（从来没有）,so far （到目前为止）,in the past (last)+一段时间（在过去的）,before（以前 放在句末）,“for+一段时间”，“since+过去时的句子或过去的时间点”，since + 一段时间+ago”,答语是“Not yet”（还没有）时，它的问句是现在完成时。Once(一次)、twice(两次)、three times (三次)等。例句：Have you ever been to Beijing ? No , never . They have learned 300 words so far . I have never seen him before . He has visited the zoo twice . She has made more progress in the past two years . They have lived here for ten years . The train has just left here .