初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导(二).doc

初中英语“句型转换”题归类与指导（二）三、主动语态与被动语态的互变主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语，谓语和宾语的变化，“二不变”即时态不变，句式不变。例如：They make watches in the town.-Watches are made by them in the town.I can finish the work before eight.-The work can be finished（by me）before eight.Do they grow rice in South China?-Is rice grown in South China?1、主动句变被动句第一步：要看时态，时态必须保持一致。第二步：把主动句的宾语改为被动句的主语，谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式，主动句的主语成为介词by的宾语，放在句尾。For example:People keep sheep for producing wool.Sheep _ _for producing wool _people.2、主动句改为被动句，要注意谓语动词由主动形式变为被动形式时的各种变化，具体有以下几种变化：一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：have/has +been + 过去分词情态动词的被动语态 ：can/may/must/+be + 过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall +be + 过去分词现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are +being + 过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：was/were +being+ 过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：had + been+ 过去分词For example：（1）Li Lei mended the bike。（改为被动语态）-The bike _ _ by Li Lei.（2）We should plant trees in spring（2005年四川考题）-Trees should _ _in spring3、含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，一般把间接宾语改为被动句的主语，或者把直接宾语改为被动句的主语，在be done 后需加to或for。注意：（1）把直接宾语改为被动句的主语，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：send ，pass ，write ，give ，show ，bring ，lend ，sell ，hand ，tell等。（2）间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：Buy ，cook ，make ，order ，choose ，get ，draw等。For example：My mother bought me a beautiful skirt yesterday I _ _ a beautiful skirt by my mother yesterday A beautiful skirt _bought _ me by my mother yesterday4、在被动句中，感官动词（see，hear，watch, feel , look at , listen to等），使役动词（let，make，have等）后作宾语补足语的不定式前不加to，但在被动句中做主语补足语的不定式前必须加上to。For example：Jim heard his friend sing a song an hour ago。-His friend _ _ _sing a song by Jim。I saw him take your umbrella.-He was seen to take your umbrella. 四、直接引语变间接引语在做直接引语变间接引语时必须掌握它的一些规律，下面来归纳一下：1、变化人称的一般规律：（1）直接引语中的第一人称变间接引语时，其人称与主句的主语一致。（2）直接引语中的第二人称变间接引语时，其人称与主句的宾语一致。（3）直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时，其人称不变。For example：An English teacher asked his students，“Are you interested in my lessons？”An English teacher asked his students if they were interested in his lessons。2、注意时态的变化。一般规律是间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。 直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时现在进行时 过去进行时一般将来时 过去将来时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时For example：The teacher said angrily，“Where have you been all these days？”The teacher asked me angrily where I had been all those days。3、指示代词的变化。直接引语中的this变为间接引语时应改为that,复数these改为those. For example: Tim said to me,“This is the School Computer Center.” Tim said to me _ _ was the School Computer Center.分析：句中出现了两个that.第一个that是连接词,第二个that是指示代词。由直接引语中的this而变的。故正确答案为：that; that.4、.时间状语的变化直 接 引 语 间 接 引 语now 现在 then 那时today 今天 that day 那天this evening 今晚 that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天 the day before 前一天yesterday morning 昨天上午 the morning before 前一天上午last night 昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上two days ago 两天前 two days before 两天前next week 下周 the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天 the next day/the following day 第二天the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天 in two days time/two days after 两天后For example:Jane asked me,“Have you got anything on this evening?”（变间接引语）Jane asked me _if/whether_ I _had got_ anything on _that evening_5、直接引语变间接引语的引导词与由简单句变为宾语从句一样。有三种情况：that引导陈述句；一般疑问句或反意疑问句用if或whether;特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词来引导。这三种句型的语序都是用陈述语序。6、直接引语是祈使句，改为间接引语时成为不定式短语，而且谓语动词通常用：ask/order等“祈求，命令”的动词。For example: Her mother said to her,“Finish your homework before watching TV.” Her mother asked her to finish her homework before watching TV.注意：直接引语在下列三种情况时，即使主句是过去时，变间接引语时时态仍不变。a. 表示客观真理的一般现在时，如:The physics teacher said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”The physics teacher said _ light _ much faster than sound.解析：直接引语表示的是客观真理，变间接引语时时态不变，仍然用一般现在时，因此第二空填travels;第一空要用that来引导。故填：that.b. 表示客观事实或经常发生的，习惯性的动作时时态不变，如：Mike said,“My aunt is a worker”Mike said that _ aunt _ a worker.解析：第一空根据语境，把my改为his；第二空填is不变。c. 直接引语是过去完成时，过去进行时，变间接引语时时态不变，如：She said,“I had finished working before supper.”She said that she _ _working before supper.解析：根据直接引语中的时态是过去完成时，变间接引语时不变，所以仍填had ;finished.五、单数句子变复数句子1单数句子变复数句子就是把句在中的名词或代词变成复数形式。如果主语变成了复数，相应地谓语动词也要注意其变化。如： This is an English book.（变复数句子） _ _ _ English _解析：主语this应变为these。因此谓语动词由单数is变为复数are; an变为some用在肯定句中。名词book由单数变为books复数形式。2. 在单数句子中，有表示性别的名词修饰名词时，变复数句子时两个名词同时变复数，不是表示性别的名词修饰时只变后面的名词为复数形式。如：There is a woman teacher in the office.There are some _ _ in the office.解析：根据句意得知woman在此修饰名词teacher,是表示性别的名词，因此两个名词同时变复数形式。故填：women; teacher.六、对划线部分提问 该类型的题目主要是考查学生对疑问句的结构，语序以及某些特定疑问句类型的掌握情况。解答这类题目，正确选择疑问词是关键。在中考中常见的提问句式有以下几种情况：1、对主语或表语的人提问时用who 语序分两种情况：（1）对主语提问时，语序为陈述语序。即：Who+谓语动词+？（2）对表语提问时，语序为一般疑问句语序。即：Who+系动词+主语+？For example:Tim looks like _his father. -_ _ Tim _ like?（正确答案为：Who; does ;look）2、对宾语人提问用whom，口语中可用who来代替。For example:We should learn from Comrade Leifeng.-_ _ _ Learn from? （Whom/who ; should ;you）3、对物主代词或名词所有格提问，用特殊疑问词whose For example:The teacher is my brothers friend. -_ _ is the teacher? （正确答案为：Whose; friend）解析：在本题中名词friend前是一个名词所有格，对此提问应用whose. 句式结构为：Whose+名词+一般疑问句语序？4、对地点提问用where. For example:The little boys played football on the playground yesterday.（2005年济南考题）_ _The little boys _ football yesterday? （正确答案为：Where ;did ;play）5、对定语进行提用which。句型结构公式为：Which +名词+一般疑问句语序？For example:The girl who is reading English under the tree is my sister. _ _ is your sister? （正确答案为：Which; girl.）6、对时间提问when/what time。When是对不具体时间提问；what time是对具体时间（点钟）提问；有时对具体时间提问也可用when. For example:(1) I arrived in Beijing last week.（对划线部分提问） _ _You arrive in Beijing? （正确答案为：When; did.） (2) We usually get up at half past five in the morning.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _You usually get up in the morning? （正确答案为：What time ;do.）7、对星期名称提问用what day。句型结构为：What day +一般疑问句语序？ For example: It was Monday yesterday.(对划线部分提问)-_ _Was it yesterday? （答案为：What day）9、对颜色提问用特殊疑问词what color，结构公式为：what color +一般疑问句语序？ For example:She likes red clothes.(对划线部分提问) -_ _ _She _clothes? （What , color, does, like.）10、对数量提问有两个特殊疑问词：how many，how much; how many是对可数名词前的数量进行提问；how much是对不可数名词前的数量进行提问。除此之外how much还对价钱进行提问。结构公式：（1）How many +可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句语序？（2）How much +不可数名词 +一般疑问句语序？（3）How much +一般疑问句语序？（对价钱提问）For example:1There are forty workers in the factory.（对划线部分提问） _ _workers are there in the factory?2. The computer is 4980 yuan. . _ _ is the computer?3.There is some water in the bottle. _ _ _ Is there in the bottle?11、对方式，程度，身体状况的词提问用特殊疑问词how 。 结构公式为：How + 助动词 +主语 +谓语动词原形？For example: They went to the Summer Palace by bus two days ago. _ _they _ to the Summer Palace?12、对时间段提问用how long.（多久）如：for +时间段 ；since +句子 ；since + 表示点的时间For example:I have taught in a Middle School since I came here._ _ _ I taught in a Middle School?13、对将来的时间提问用how soon（过多久）如：in+时间段 We will finish work in four days. _ _will you finish work?14、对频率副词或短语及单位时间内的次数提问用how often (多久一次) For example: Henry went to visit his grandma every six days. _ _did Henry go to visit his grandma?15、对重量，距离，长，宽等提问用how.句型为：How + 形容词（heavy/far/long/wide.） For example: Its about ten minutes walk from my home to school. _ _ is it from your home to school? （答案为：How far）16、对because引导的原因状语从句提问用why（为什么） For example: Mrs. Read didnt sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise. _ _ Mrs. Read _ well last night?句型转换练习：1. Are you tired today? My mother asked me.(变为间接引语）My mother asked me _ I _ tired _ _.2. Are you going to watch the football match next Sunday?” Father asked me.（同1）Father asked me _ _ _ going to watch the football match the next Sunday.3. Linda asked John, “Where did you buy this new bicycle?”（同1）Linda asked John where _ _ _that new bicycle.4.You should speak to the old people politely.（变被动语态）The old people should _ _ to politely.5. Who ate my bread? （同4） By whom _ my bread _?6.Miss King saw Bill helping a blind man cross the street yesterday afternoon.（同4Yesterday afternoon Bill _ _ _ a blind man cross the street _ _ _.7.There is a woman dress on the bed in Kates bedroom.（改为复数句子） There _ _ _ _on the bed in Kates bedroom.8.They are empty boxes.（改为单数句子） _ _ empty _. 9.Not only Jack but also Mike has been to that island.（改为同义句） _Jack _ Mike _ been to that island.10.My cousin didnt draw as well as Mike.（同9） My cousin _ _than Mike.11.Its time for dinner.（同9） Its time _ _ dinner.12.The river is 10 meters wide.（对划线部分提问） _ _ is the river?13.Henry has stayed there for three years.（同12） _ _ has Henry stayed there ?14.Our school is one kilometer away from the market.（同12） _ _ is your school from the market?15.My father often goes to work by bus.（同12） _ _ _ your father _ to work by bus?答案评析：1.if/whether; was; that day.本题考查直接引语是一般疑问句时变间接引语的引导词为 if/whether;时态做相应的变化，即一般过去时。时间状语today变为that day.2.if/whether; I; was.本题考查的是一般疑问句的直接引语变间接引语，时态由一般将来时变为过去将来时；第二人称的you 要和主句中的宾语一致，为I。3.he; had; bought.根据直接引语变间接引语时态的变化规律，得知：间接引语中应用过去完成时。4.be ; spoken.根据含有情态动词的主动句变被动句的变化规则。答案为：be; spoken5.was; eaten.根据变被动语态的时态结构公式，很明显答案为：was; eaten.6.was;seen;helping;by;Miss;King.方法同5题。当主动句中的主语做被动句的宾语时，其前用介词by。7.are;some;women;dresses.本题考查单数句子变复数句子时，谓语动词，名词，代词，及不定冠词都要做相应的变化。不定冠词a,/an通常变为some/any. some用在肯定句中，而any用在否定句中。带有性别的名词修饰名词时同时变复数形式。8.Its; an; box.在做由复数句子变单数句子特别要注意的是：some/any是变成a;还是an,关键看名词的第一个音素是辅音还是元音。a用在辅音音素前；而an用在元音音素前。9.Both;and;have.根据句意我们知道本题表示的两者都显然用bothand。谓语动词用复数形式。10.drew; worse. 根据题意“我的表弟不如迈克画的好”这意味着“他比迈克画的差”考查比较级的用法。11.to; have.本题考查句型间的相互转换。Its time for +名词（短语）=Its time to +动词原形。12.How; wide.本题考查对宽度提问。答案为：How; wide.13.本题考查对“for +时间段”的提问。故答案为：How; long.14.此题考查对距离的提问。其正确答案为：How; far.15.考查对频度副词“often”的提问。答案为：How; often.