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Unit 3Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.重点单词license n. （=licence)执照；许可证reply v.回答；答复silly adj.愚蠢的；傻的achieve v.完成；实现study n.学习；研究race v.赛跑；比赛于比赛；参加赛跑present n.目前；现在taught v.teach的过去式和过去分词experience v.经历；体验importance n.重要；重要性member n.会员；成员succeed v.成功；达到；完成sleepy adj.困倦的；不活跃的point n.要点；论点 重点短语cut hair理发be strict with sb.对某人要求严格stay up不睡觉；熬夜concentrate on全神贯注；专心于get/have sth. done让别人做某事be good for对有好处seem to do sth.似乎做某事at least至少clean up打扫agree with同意instead of代替；而不是old peoples home养老院take the test参加考试disagree with不同意fail a math test数学考试不及格in the way挡道的；妨碍人的the other day前几天reply to答复at present目前；现在care about担心；关心have an opportunity to do sth.有机会做某事on school nights在上学日的晚上pass the test考试及格 重点句型1. _Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive. 16岁的青少年不应该被允许开车。I agree. They arent serious enough at the age. 我同意。他们在那个年纪不够认真。2. Do you think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes? 你认为16岁的青少年应该被允许选择自己的衣服吗？Yes, I do./ No, I dont. 是的，我这么想。/ 不，我不这么认为。3. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不做作业。4. We have a lot of rules at my house. 我们家有很多规矩。So do we. 我们也是。5. What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为学校的什么规定应该改变？ Well, I think we should be allowed to wear our own clothes. 我认为应该允许我们穿我们自己的衣服。6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 父母不应该对青少年太严格。重点语法1. 情态动词的被动语态，如should be allowed的用法。 重难点及考点解析Section A1. Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.(P18)（1）should be allowed to do sth. 意为“应当被允许做某事”，为情态动词的被动语态。该结构的否定句句式是在should后面加not，而一般疑问句句式则是将should提到居首位置。如： Kid should not be allowed to drink. 小孩不应该被允许喝酒。（2） allow动词“允许”。用法如下：allow （doing）sth. 允许（做）某事。如：We dont allow to eat in the classroom. 我们不允许在教室吃饭。allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事。如：My parents dont allow me to go out at night. 我父母不允许我晚上出去。allow sb. sth. 给予某人某物（尤指钱或时间），让某人拥有或带有某物。如：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。2. Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ear pierced. 16青少年应该被允许穿耳洞。(P18)（1） sixteen-year-olds是合成名词，意为“16岁的青少年”，同义短语有：sixteen-year-old kids, kids of sixteen(year old）等。（2） Get their ears pierced 为“get/have+sth.+过去分词“结构，表示“叫/让/请别人做某事”，一般自己不参加。3. I dont think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive. 我认为16岁的青少年不应该别允许开车。（P18)（1）在本句中，宾语从句的否定句not转移到了主句的谓语动词之前，我们称之为否定前移。如： I dont think you can say the words like that. () I think you cannot say the words like that. ()（2） 联想：否定转移的五个常用词suppose(猜想） imagine(想象） believe(相信） think (认为） expect(期待）4. They arent serious enough. 他们不够严肃认真。(P18)（1） enough 在该句中是副词，修饰形容词serious,意为“足够认真的”。又如： The water in the sea is warm enough to swim to . 海水足够暖和，能在里面游泳。（2） enough居无定所作形容词，意为“充足的，足够的”，它一般位于所修饰的名词前。如：I have enough money to buy a color TV set.我有足够的钱去买一台彩电。 作副词，意为“充足地，足够地”，它位于所修饰的形容词、副词或动词的后面，常与不定式和介词for连用。如：Tom is not old enough to go to school. 汤姆年纪不够大，不能去上学。5. He should stop wearing that silly earring. 他不应该再戴那副傻气的耳环了。（P19)（1） stop wearing 意为“停止穿/戴”。动词短语stop doing.用于表示“停止做某事”。如： We the boy saw his mother, he stopped crying. 当这个男孩看见他妈妈时，他停止了哭泣。（2） stop用法如下： Our teacher is coming. Please stop talking.老师来了，不要讲话了。 Whats happening? Lets have a look.发生了什么？让我们去看一看。 We must stop kids from swimming here.我们必须阻止孩子在此游泳。 （3） silly是形容词，意为“愚蠢的”。如： Its silly of you to do like that. 你那么做是愚蠢的。（4） 辨析silly, foolish 和 stupid. 词语用法例句silly指头脑简单，傻头傻脑或令人发笑，相当于汉语的“傻”。You are silly to trust him. 你真傻竟相信了他。foolish通常指无头脑，缺乏知识或判断力，相当汉语的“愚蠢”。He is foolish to throw away such a chance. 他真纯，丢掉这样一个机会。stupid指智力、理解力或学习能力很差，相当于汉语的“笨”。He is very stupid in learning maths. 他学数学很笨。6. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不做作业。(P19）（1）instead of 为介词短语，后常跟名词、代词和动名词等。如：Instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us. 他不仅不帮我们，反而嘲笑我们。（2） 辨析instead 和 instead of词语用法例句instead副词，位于句首或句末。He is too busy, so let me go instead. 他太忙，让我替他去吧。instead of 介词短语，后接名词、代词和动名词，位于句中。Mr Lin walked to school instead of taking a bus. 林老师走着去学校，没有坐公共汽车。7. We have a lot of rules at my house. 在我家我们有很多规矩。 So do we. 我们也是。（P20)（1） So do we. 是倒装句，结构为“so+do/have/be/will/can.+主语”，该句式表示前面所说的情况也适合另一个人或物，翻译为“.也是如此”。需注意该句式用于前后两句的主语不是同一个人或物。如： Kate likes oranges. So does Lucy. 凯特喜欢橘子，露西也喜欢。（2） “so+主语+do/have/be/will/can.”, 为自然语序，意为“.确实如此”，表示赞同、肯定或强调前面所说的情况。注意前后两部分的主语是同一个人或物。如： Bill left his key at home. 比尔把钥匙忘在家里了。 So he did. 是的，确实如此。8. .but I have to be home by 10:00 pm. 但我在晚上10点之前必须回家。（P20)（1） be home意为“在家里”，相当于be at home. 如： Is your mother at home, Lily? 丽丽，你妈妈在家吗？（2） by 10:00 pm. 意为“晚上十点之前”。 by 在这儿是介词，表示“不迟于，在.之前”。如： We had to get there by evening. 我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。（3） 辨析by和till/until词语用法例句by介词，“在之前”。You must be there by 10 oclock. 你必须在10点前赶到那儿。till/until介词或连词。“直到”。You must be there till/until 10 oclock. 你必须待在那儿到10点。9has to clean up his or her room every morning.每天早上必须打扫他/她的房间。clean up 意为“（把）打扫干净”。如：Its your turn to clean the bedroom up. 轮到你打扫寝室了。联想：clean out 收拾干净 do some cleaning 打扫Section B1. Do you ever worry that youll fail a test? 你曾经担心过考试不及格吗？（P21）（1）fail a test动词短语，意为“考试不及格”。如：Those who dont work hard will fail a test. 不用功的人总会考试不及格。（2）fail意为“失败，不及格”，常做不及格动词。如：Our plan has failed.（3）fail的用法总结： He failed to catch up with the others.他没能赶上别人。 Li Ming failed(in) the English test.李明没有通过英语考试。2. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 家长不应该对青少年太严厉。（P21）（1）be strict with sb. 意为“对某人严格要求”。如：Miss Wang is strict with her students. 王老师对学生很严格。（2）对某事（工作）严格要求则用：be strict in sth. 。如：The man is very strict with his children, and he is also very strict in his work. 这个人对他的孩子要求严格，他对待他的工作也要求严格。3. The other day, my friend and I got to talking about the rules that we have in school. 前几天，我和我的朋友了我们学校的校规。（P22）（1）the other day意为“前几天；日前”，常用于一般过去式。如：I met her in the street the other day. 日前我在街上遇见过他。（2）get to doing意为“着手做某事”。表示这一意思时，get to doing不能写成get to do，这里的to为介词，后面应接动词-ing形式。如：She got to cleaning her room several minutes ago. 几分钟前她开始打扫房间了。（3）my friend and I常译为“我和我的朋友”。当几个不同的人称代词做主语时，他们的排列顺序通常是： 单数为：you, he /she and I,即：2、3、1型。如：You, she and I are good friends. 复数为：we, you and they,即1、2、3型。如：We, you and they all enjoy music.但如果是做错了事，当事人应承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在最前面。如：Who broke the window? 谁打破了窗户？I and Mike. 我和麦克。4. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. 我们老师认为如果我们那样做的话，我们将会把更多的精力花在衣服上而不是学习上。（P22）（1）这是一个多重复合句。整体句式结构为“主句+that宾语从句”；在宾语从句中，含有“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”结构。（2）concentrate on sth. 意为“在某事上集中精力”，而concentrate more onthan在内容上表达比较，意为“比起，更为关注的是”.如：You should concentrate more on the road than the music when driving. 开车的时候，你的注意力要更多的集中在路上，而不是在听音乐上。5. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy. 那将是一个让老师和学生好办法。(P22)bothand 意为“两个都，既又”，用来连接连个主语、谓语、宾语、表语等。如：Both Mary and Kate enjoyed the play. 玛丽和凯特都喜欢那出戏。6. Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. 家长允许青少年晚上一起学习，这或许也是个好消息。（P22）（1）该句为“It is +形容词/名词+for sb. to do sth.”结构。It 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定时短语。如：It is a duty for everyone to protect wild animals. 保护野生动物是每个人的责任。（2）study in groups意为“小组学习”，相当于study with a group.如：Mr Li made his students study in groups. 李老师让学生们分组学习。7. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital, but I couldnt because I had to go back to school. 我去年夏天有机会到当地的医院去当志愿者，但因为我必须返校所以没能去成。(P22)（1）opportunity意为“机会，时机”。要表示“做某事的机会”，opportunity后面可以用动词不定式短语 to do，也可以介词短语of/for doing.如：This may give me a opportunity to study abroad. 这可能给我出国学习的机会。（2）辨析chance和opportunity词语用法例句chance表示“机会；可能性”（强调偶然性）We met some foreigners on the train and that was a good chance to practice our oral English. 我们在火车上遇到一些外国人，那是我们练习英语口语的好机会。opportunity表示机遇（强调好时机）Such opportunity should not be missed. 这样的机会不应该失去。8. It would be a good experience for me because I want to be a doctor when I am older. 这将是一个很好的经历，因为我长大后想当一名医生。（P22）（1）a good experience 意为“一次很好的经历“，experience在该短语中是可数名词。如： Are there any interesting experiences youd like to share? 你有什么有趣的经历要分享吗？（2）experience“经验“总结 Tell me about your experiences there.请跟我谈谈你在那儿的经历。 She has no experience of life.她毫无生活经验。 What he experienced is like a legend.他所经历的就像是一个传奇。9. What school rules do you think should be changed? 你认为哪些校规应当改变？（P22） do you think 在这儿是插入语，插入语是插在句子中的一个词、短语或从句，它与句子的其他成分之间没有语法上的关系，在句子中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或引起对方的注意等。如：Which one do you think is the most important? 你认为哪一个最重要？Self check 1. Its a real mess. 真是太脏了。（P23) （1）该句也可以说成“Its really a mess.”其意思相当于”Its too dirty and untidy.”（2）mess指环境的“脏，乱”，也可以指工作和生活等情况，有时也可以指不整洁的人。常和不定冠词连用。如：The spilt milk made a terrible mess on the floor. 牛奶洒在地板上弄得一塌糊涂。2. Everyone needs to have at least eight hours sleep a night.每个人每天晚上至少需要八个小时的睡眠。（1）at least 意为“至少，起码”。如： We should read English for at least half an hour every day. 我们每天至少要读半个小时的英语。（2）at least 与 at most “至多，不超过”相对。如： He might get at most fifty yuan a night. 他每晚最多挣50元。3. On Friday, many students are very sleepy after a long week of classes. 漫长的一周课程之后，许多学生在周五下午都很疲倦。（P23)（1）sleepy意为“困倦的，不活跃的”。如： She suddenly started to feel very sleepy. 她突然感到非常疲倦。（2）sleep 产下三个“瞌睡”虫。词语用法例句sleep意为“睡觉”，即作动词，也做名词。He slept very well last night. 他昨晚睡得很好。sleepy形容词，意为“想睡的，困乏的”。可作表语或定语。He goes to bed very late every day, so he often feels sleepy. 他每晚都睡得很晚，所以他常常感到疲倦。asleep形容词，意为“睡着的”，用作表语。常用短语fall asleep，意为“入睡”。The soft music made him fall asleep. 这轻柔的音乐让他睡着了。sleeping形容词，意为“睡着的”。作定语。This is a sleeping dog. 这是一只睡着的狗。4. Some students should be allowed to have Friday afternoon off to volunteer and help others.（P23) have +一段时间+off 表示“一段时间的假”。如： I hope to have two days off. 我希望放两天假。5. I would like to reply to the article”Helping and Learning”in your last newsletter. 我想要对您上一期简报中的“帮助与学习”这篇文章做一个回复。（P23)（1）would like to do 表示愿意或乐意做某事，与want to do 同义。如：Id like to share it with everyone of you. 我愿意与大家分享。（2）reply在句中用作不及物动词，常用reply to sb./sth.,表示“对.作出回答”。如：Please reply to my question at once. 请立刻回答我的问题。（3）辨析reply和answer I didnt reply to him. 我没有答复他。 He replied that he might go. 他答复他可能去。 Please answer my letter soon.请尽快回信。 6. But sometimes these hobbies can get in the way of school work.但有时这些爱好会妨碍学习。（P24） get in the way of 意为“妨碍，成为.的障碍”。如： His bad hobbies got in the way of his progress. 他的不良嗜好妨碍了他的进步。7. Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. 当然，我们想看到刘宇实现他的梦想.（P23)（1）achieve 作动词，意为“实现，完成”。如：You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若是这样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。（2）辨析achieve和come true. She achieved her dream. 她实现了的梦想。 Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。 8. But we do think that our son needs to be realistic. 但我们确实认为我们的儿子应该现实一点。（P24)（1）do在句中是强调词，强调谓语动词。英语中，特别是在祈使句或肯定句中，强调谓语动词时，要在谓语动词前加上助动词do/does/did，意为”务必，确实，一定“。如：He does know the place well. 他确实很熟悉这个地方。（2）realistic作形容词，意为“现实的”。如： They were much more realistic about its long-term plan. 他们对它的长远规划更为现实。9. Being a professional runner is the only thing I have ever wanted to do. 成为一名职业的运动员是我唯一想做的事。（P24）（1）Being a professional runner为动名词短语做主语，后面的谓语动词要用单数。如：Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃得太多对身体没好处。（2）动词不定式、复合不定代词everyone、someone，someday作主语时，谓语动词也要用单数。如： To speak English is not easy for us. 对我们来说，说英语不是一件简单的事。Something is wrong with your right leg. 你的右腿有毛病。10. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. “But they are always talking about what will happen if I dont succeed.” “我知道我父母关心我，“他说。”但是他们总说如果我失败了将会怎样。”（P24）（1）care about意为“担心，关心，喜欢”。如：We are supposed to care about our health. 我们都应该关注健康。联想： take care of 照顾 take care 留神 care for 喜欢，关心，照顾（2）succeed作动词，意为“成功”。如： If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你工作努力，你就会成功。（3）拓展 Finally he succeeded in finishing his work.最后他成功地完成了这项工作。 She was a success as an actress.她是位的成功演员。 It was a successful experience. 那是一次成功的实验。 They landed their plane successfully.他们成功地让飞机着陆了。 11. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样，我才有机会实现我的梦想。（P24) Only then will I .这是一个部分倒装句，当“Only+状语”位于句首表示强调时，其后的句中应使用部分倒装，即将助动词置于主语前。如： Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。语法本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。 一、被动语态的句式变化： 以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下： 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。 一般现在时的被动语态为：主am / is / are （not）过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态为：主was / were 过去分词例如： 我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态. born是个过去分词（bear） When were you born ? I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语is / am / are + being 过去分词现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语have / has been 过去分词情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词be过去分词一般将来时的被动语态: 主语will be 过去分词过去将来时的被动语态: 主语would / should + be 过去分词过去进行时的被动语态: 主语was / were + being 过去分词过去完成时的被动语态: 主语had + been +过去分词三、被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是： （1）把原句中的宾语变为主语 （2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词 （3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。 请看下表:主动语态被动语态They make trains in Zhuzhou They use this key for locking the classroom doorMany people speak EnglishHe wrote a letterThey are building a roadTrains are made in ZhuzhouThis key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)English is spoken by many peopleA letter was written by himA road is being built (by them)
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