初中英语关于英语语态讲解与精练专题辅导.doc

初中英语 关于英语语态讲解与精练 专题辅导一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：havehas beenspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词be过去分词构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .I am never let to watch TV by mother.3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. (1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now. (2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.被 动 语 态一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 三、被动语态的用法： 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、 当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。The room hasnt been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用It is + 过去分词.句型。It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的It is + 过去分词+ that句型还有It is reported that据报道It is said that据说It is believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建议四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注意： They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。He sang a song. A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：（1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示人们、大家的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去by，但原主语被强调者除外。如：They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975.这所医院建于1975年。Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 （2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，haveAn accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.（ ）The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。This book sells well.这本书畅销。六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done)The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done)Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。 6过去完成时(had been+done)They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。被动语态专项练习单项选择 1. Good books _ again and again.A. should be readed B. should be readC. must read D. ought to read 2. The children _ by the nurse.A. were looked B. looked afterC. were looked after D. looked 3. He _ some pieces of advice, but he _ to them.A. gave, didnt listen B. was given, wasnt listenedC. give, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen 4. When_ the accident _ ?A. was, happen B. did, happenC. is, happen D. was, happened 5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discuss B. will discussC. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed 6. The lab _ about five years ago.A. was builded B. was built C. builds D. has been built 7. A lot of tall buildings _ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set up B. have been set up C. were set up D. set up 8. They _ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finished B. have finished C. had been finished D. have been finished 9. Rice _ also _ in their hometown.A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown 10. He _ by the teachers.A. is always praised B. praisesC. have been praised D. always is praised 11. Great changes _ place. Many new schools_ .A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are openC. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 12. The picture_ in October, 1996.A. was taking B. had been taken C. was taken D. had taken 13. We cant use the bridge now, because it_ .A. has been repaired B. is repairing C. is repaired D. is being repaired 14. I _the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shown B. showed C. have shown D. was showing 15. The war_ in 1941.A. broke out B. had been broken outC. was broken out D. had broken out 16. When water_ , it will be changed into vapour.A. is heated B. heating C. has heated D. heats 17. We cant enter the room because its door_ .A. locked B. locks C. is locked D. is locking 18. They _day and night.A. are made work B. are made to workC. made to be worked D. are making to work 19. Changan Road is _of people.A. filled B. fill C. full D. fulled 20. Man-made satellites _into space by many countries.A. was sent up B. is sent upC. have been sent up D. has been sent up 21. This English song _ often _ by the children.A. is, singing B. is, sung C. will, sing D. was, sung 22.The windows of our house _once a week.A. must clean B. have cleaned C. is cleaned D. are cleaned 23. When _ the Peoples Republic of China_ ?A. was, found B. was, founded C. did, found D. does, found 24. Marys radio _ by my brother just now.A. will be mended B. has mended C. was mended D. mended 25. Your exercise books _ after class.A. will hand in B. must hand in C. handed in D. must be handed in 26. Some trees may _ at other times of the year.A. be planted B. plant C. are planted D. will be planted 27. The sun _ at night as usual.A. can be seen B. cant see C. cant be seen D. doesnt see 28. A new English play _ there next week.A. will put on B. will be put on C. is going to put on D. will be putted on 29. A strange thing _ in our school yesterday.A. was happened B. has been happened C. happened D. was going to happen 30. The glass _ . It _ by little Tom this morning.A. broke, is broken B. is broken, was brokenC. was broken, broke D. has been broken, broken 把下列句子改为被动语态 1. I saw the boy run yesterday. 2. He told me that he would come back soon. 3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages. 4. Do you water your flowers every day? 5. The wind blew down the big tree last night. 6. I think that he is right. 7. He had not thrown the bad food. 8. Mother was not mending the trousers. 9. They would not take him to Beijing. 10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time. 参考答案单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C6. B 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. A11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C21.B 22. D 23.B 24. C 25.D26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B 、把下列句子改为被动语态 1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday. 2. I was told that he would come back soon. 3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages. 4. Are your flowers watered every day? 5. The big tree was blown down last night. 6. It is thought that he is right. 7. The bad food had not been thrown. 8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother. 9. He would not be taken to Beijing. 10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time. 初中英语 被动语态1( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( )3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sangC. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2( ) 1 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _.A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The sports meet _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? ( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 3 _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am6( ) 1 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown ( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( ) 3 Tea _ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( ) 4 The bridges_ two years ago.WO Its a Haidian top problemoA. is built B. built C. were built D. was built ( ) 5 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung9( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( ) 2 The teapot _ water.A. is filled with B. filled ofC. fulling of D. filled ( ) 3 Old people must be looked fter well and _ politely.A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( ) 4 Old people must _.A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well10( ) 1 Newly-born babies_in hospital.A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care( ) 2 They were_ at the sudden noise.A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 3 These walls_stone.A. are made of B. made of u C. are made into D. made into11( ) 1 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 2 The papers _ to them.A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown( ) 3 The coat_her sister.A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to12( ) ? I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 2 Good care_such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of( ) 3 She will_good care_.A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you13( ) 1 The teacher made him_ his homework.A. to do B. do C. did D. done ( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean ( ) 3 These children_dance.A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to14( ) 1 Thesestones_well.A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted ( ) 2 The bike _ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed ( ) 3 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year.A. washad B. was held C. held D. had15( ) 1 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China.A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( ) 2 You cant use the computer, it_.A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 3 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( ) 4 The watch has often _ down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell16( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one_.A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( ) 2 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing( ) 3 What time _ the door _ every day?A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close17( ) 1 Can he_himself?A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 2 He fell from his bike and _.A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt ( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn18( ) 1 The apple_very sweet.A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting( ) 2 You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. see B. watch C. look D. look at ( ) 3 What you said _. like a good idea.A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded19( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?-Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time.A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing( )2.How dirty the tables are! They need_.A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( )3.The book is worth _.A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read1 . 1-5 B D D D C 16. 1-3 A B C 2. 1-6 B C B B C A 17. 1-3 B C D 3. 1-3 A B B 18. 1-3 C C D 4. 1-3 A B A 19. 1-3 A C B 5. 1-3 B D B 6. 1-3 B A D 7. 1-3 A B A 8. 1-5 D B B C D 9 .1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A 11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A 14. 1-4 B C B A 15. 1-4 B D A C