资源描述
Annual straw consumption is about 300 (15x20) million tons to 450 (15x30) million tonnes. Around each plant to town for curing Center straw briquette factory, about 30, curing each straw briquette factory production capacity of 10,000 tons per year, production of major products supply power plants and the rest as ordinary fuel. Chapter III, section I industry investment analysis investment benefit analysis, industry profitability industry benchmark yield to 12%, more than a moderate level of profitability, have higher profitability. Secondly, solvency, with good profitability and, hence, have enough liquidity. Three biomass energy resource in China, industry growth prospects are very experienced and bright prospects for development of biomass power generation industry. On one hand, the sown area of 1.8 billion mu of crops, the year produces 700 million tons of matter. Apart from the parts used in papermaking and livestock feed, and the rest will be done fuel use. The other hand, Chinas current forest area of about 175 million hectares, the forest coverage rate of 18.21%, every year through normal Bush stumping rejuvenation, forest thinning, hedgerow fruit trees and the collection of forest felling, bucking, processing residues, biomass resources available at about 800 million to 1 billion tons. Theory of biomass energy resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 0.3%, 1/4 not to the sulphur content of the coal. Development of biomass solid fuels, implement coal alternatives, significantly reduces the carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide emissions, have a significant environmental benefit. Second section industry investment opportunities for promoted health material energy of steadily development, September 2006, Treasury, and national development and Reform Committee, and Ministry of agriculture, and national tax General, and national forestry Council joint introduced has on development biological quality energy and biological chemical tax support policy of implementation views, in risk avoid and compensation, and raw materials base grants, and model grants, and tax relief, aspects for development biological quality energy and biological chemical developed has specific of tax support policy. In addition, since the renewable energy law came into effect on January 1, 2006, making a complete set of administrative rules and regulations also promulgated. On October 4, 2006 of the Ministry of the interim measures for the administration of special funds for renewable energy development, the approach of special funds to support key, application and approval, financial management, checking and supervision of comprehensive provisions. The regulations: development of special funds established by the financial departments of the State Council, the use of special funds for the development include free grants and subsidized loans, through the central financial budget. According to the role of biomass energy and the countrys status quo, is currently focused on the development of the project are as follows: (1) recent development priorities: biomass gasification and gas, biomass gasification power generation, large biogas, biomass direct combustion heating (2) medium-and long-term development projects: height of biomass gasification power generation project (BIG/CC), the production of hydrogen from biomass such as resource in China close to 1.5 billion tons of standard coal. By 2020, the biomass energy development and utilization of capacity of 500 million tons of standard coal, equivalent to more than 15% supplies. And extremely low sulphur content of the biomass 100030注：D为管道内径(mm)。 安装后管道初始和长期径向挠曲值不得超过表7.1.1-2的规定：表7.1.1-2 管道允许径向挠曲值原土级别12345公称管径DN300mm平均初始值%3.03.02.52.02.0平均长期值%5.05.05.05.05.07.2 质量保证措施7.2.1 根据设计要求的公称压力规格和刚度选择管材。管壁不得有裂缝、断皮等现象，接口工作面平整、光洁，管口椭圆度误差必须满足接口间隙即橡胶圈压缩率的要求。管道运输过程中应作好管壁和接头的保护工作，承插口凹槽应包塑料布，防止凹槽损坏。管材进入现场后，应逐根检查，并填写管材抽样检查记录。7.2.2 为防止露天管道受阳光的紫外线老化，可在外保护层树脂中加入抗老化剂，或在管道安装好后，刷抗老化剂树脂。7.2.3 橡胶圈要存放在-530的室内，湿度不应大于80，存放位置不宜长期受紫外线光源照射，距热源的距离不小于1m，现场随用随取，放置应避免长期挤压、拉伸、以免变形，要防止与易挥发物溶液和油脂接触。8 安全措施8.1 施工前，必须对邻近建筑物、构筑物给水、排水、煤气、电力、电信、地下管线进行调查，摸清位置，作相应的标志并采取可靠的安全保护措施。8.2 沟槽应按设计要求开挖，注意观察是否有塌方迹象，必要时沟槽壁应设防护措施，并编制事故应急预案。8.3 管道吊装时应检查吊装机具是否安全，吊装管件下方不得有人停留。起重机停机位置需防止土基浸水软化，采取垫方木或其它措施防止机体、支腿下陷或倾斜，雨天不能进行吊装作业。8.4 安装过程中应防止电焊或切割火星引发火灾。8.5 水压试验过程中，端部需顶撑，管道两端严禁站人；水压试验过程中严禁对管身、接口进行敲打或修补缺陷，遇到有缺陷时，应作出标记，卸压后才能进行修补。8.6 对影响交通及周围居民出行路段设专人疏导，设立显著的施工告示牌，加设围栏以及红色警示灯。9 环保措施9.1 保护既有的绿色植被，尽量减少施工对植被的破坏，因修建临时工程破坏道路、植被等时，应在拆除临时工程后及时恢复。9.2 管道开挖期间要随时做好防排水工作，防止水土流失或造成污染。9.3 施工中的弃土处理，应严格按照设计要求进行，做好防护工作，防止污染河流和农田。9.4 加强对施工机械的维修保养，遇到漏油、漏水的机械必须修好后方可继续参与施工，废油回收后集中存放，统一处理。9.5 冲洗和消毒水排放应连接至允许排放的排水沟道，防止消毒水污染环境。10 效益分析10.1 本工法可操作性强，安装简便、技术难度不大，管道过程安装质量容易控制，提高了施工效率；管道一次安装合格率高，减少了管道接口安装的返工现象，从而节省了机械设备和人工费用的支出，与传统施工方法相比该方法有较好的经济效益。10.2 采用本工法施工，沟槽明露时间缩短，降低了尘土排放，减少对交通和环境影响，有利于文明施工；能够有效避免管道系统试压时接口渗水、漏水的问题，减少管道返工造成不良影响；随着玻璃钢管道广泛应用，该工法将得到更好的实施，获得较好的社会效益。11 应用实例本工法在连江县塘坂引水管道工程潘渡罗仑段、连江县可门港供水工程金星钢铁厂保福寺段和连江可门港供水工程-罗仑至文山段中成功应用。下面以连江可门港供水工程-罗仑至文山段为例作简单介绍。11.1 工程概况连江可门港供水工程-罗仑至文山引水工程标段，全长4300m，其中1821m采用DN1200刚度SN5000缠绕玻璃钢夹砂管，标准单节管道长度12m。夹砂管间接口采用承插式双“o”型橡胶圈接口，与钢管或其他设备连接时采用盘承法兰短管转换连接。玻璃钢夹砂管采用埋地敷设，管道工作压力PN=0.8MPa，试验压力1.2MPa。11.2 施工情况工程玻璃钢夹砂管平均管顶覆土深度1.2m，施工时玻璃钢夹砂管和钢管穿插进行，玻璃钢夹砂管在与钢管法兰连接处分段施工，玻璃钢夹砂管间双橡胶圈接口均利用手动试压泵逐一进行试压，接口试验压力为1.2MPa，在接口试压合格后方可安装后续管道，最后进行各段玻璃钢夹砂管分段系统试压，未发现接口破损和漏水现象。前期接口的逐一试压，有效保证了管道安装质量，该项工法工艺简单，安装简便，接口返工率低。工程于2006年12月1日开工，于2007年5月21日竣工。11.3 工程监测与结果评介该工程采用本工法施工，共对的151个橡胶圈接口逐一进行检查，管道分段系统严密性试验未发现接口破损及漏水现象，通过设计要求的1.2MPa的试验压力要求，水压试验结果合格。管道系统清洗和消毒后，水质经连江县病控制中心检测，符合供水卫生要求。施工过程无安全生产事故发生。工程经竣工验收，工程质量达到合同约定的“合格”标准。经近半年运行，使用正常，业主反映良好。随着玻璃纤维增强热固性树脂夹砂管在国内的进一步推广使用，该工法必将具有广泛的应用前景Added. Finally, foreign investment risk, there are also opportunities. Financial crisis caused the stock and corporate bond prices plummeted, early Chinese banks foreign exchange assets in the foreign exchange reserves investment and losses, but at present the international prices of many financial assets in a low, to promote foreign mergers and acquisitions in China and promoting enterprise going out diversified cooperation, actively explore overseas resources and markets and opportunities. Meanwhile, in response to the adverse impact of world economic crisis on China, the State Council announced 10 measures to expand domestic demand and promote growth over the next two years the implementation of these measures will take about 4 trillion yuan central budget support. The 4 trillion yuan investment has an inkling, transportation, forestry, water conservancy, peoples livelihood, environmental protection and other areas will be skewed. Increased investment will play a significant role in promoting Chinas economic growth, at the same time, there should be other pro-growth measures rolled out. A series of positive measures by the State and function of 4 trillion the Central Treasury, our economy will be sustained, stable and rapid development gradually. Section II market analysis of technical feasibility of biomass fuel shaping technology and equipment is the core of industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. Biomass briquetting technology refers to a certain temperature and under pressure, will be scattered and various shapes of biomass raw materials into high density, with a variety of fuels technology. Biomass briquetting equipment including screw-extrusion molding machines, mechanical piston stamping forming machine, ring die-roll and hydraulic piston stamping molding machines. Mechanical piston forming and hydraulic piston forming machine total up production efficiency low energy high, former of productivity low, actual productivity in 100-200 kg, main work parts life low not for industrialization production; which main work parts life long, but highest production capacity lower energy high; from technology index view, ring die roll pressure type forming machine production rate highest, energy low, products cost low, while technology content also high, for Yu scale production promotion. Since in the 1980 of the 20th century, Chinas bio-technology research and development have made great progress, national research and production equipment of enterprises or research institutes has dozens of homes. Chinas industrialization of biomass briquette fuel prototype is formed, however, to be mature and realize industrialization, you first need to overcome some constraints, some technical obstacles. Includes the main working parts of the short working life, poor ability to coordinate equipment systems, running unstable, and so on. Also, due to the lack of effective industrial practices, solid biomass industry is still in its infancy in China. Biomass fuel shaping technology, stable performance and low power consumption of the device is the core of industrialization of biomass fuel, good industry and the Governments support and the necessary funding is a prerequisite for industrialization of biomass briquette fuel. To compress biomass briquette processing cost, you will need to yield power, vulnerable performance and low cost, labor cost, control three aspects. Meanwhile, burning of biomass is also on the industrys core technology, generally, because of biomass fuels to replace coal, can be used, in fact, due to biomass
展开阅读全文