高一英语必修一Unit1.doc

Book1 Unit 1Language points1. add up加起来Add your scores up and well see who won.把你的得分加起来，我们就知道谁赢了。add up to 加起来总计These numbers add up to 100. 这些数目合计为100。add up; add up to; add to1. The time I spend in commuting every day _ two and a half hours.2. Colorful balloons can _ the festival atmosphere.3. To make sure the result was correct, she _ the figures again and again.2. upset adj.=unhappy; feeling uncomfortablevt.=make sb. unhappyWhat he had done upset his parents much. 他的所作所为使他父母很不高兴。The result of the first maths test may upset some of the students. 第一次数学测验的成绩可能会使部分同学很不安。3. ignore vt.=pay no attention toSome students dont always remember their manners, they (teachers)Dont ignore small mistakes. They may cause big accidents. 别轻视小错，他们会造成大事故。ignorant adj. =knowing too little; lacking knowledgeignorance n.4. calm down 镇静,安静,平静Look, calm down! We will find her. 喂,镇静一点,我们会找到她的。We waited inside until things calmed down. 我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。5. be concerned about =be worried about; be anxious forThe experts are concerned about the growth of the worlds population. 专家们对世界人口增长非常关注。as/so far as sb. is concerned =in ones opinion 就某人而言, 在某人看As far as I am concerned, the price of oil will continue to increase.6.cheat v. 欺骗; 骗取; 作弊 cheat sb. ( out ) of sth. 骗取某人的某物 cheat sb. into doing 骗某人做 cheat at 作弊; 作假It was foolish of him to be cheated of his money. (被骗了钱)He was cheated into smoking. ( 吸烟）It is wrong to cheat in an examination. (考试作弊）7. should have done 本来应该做某事 (而实际没做, 含有责备的意味) should not have done 本来不该做某事(而实际已做) He looks upset. I shouldnt have told him the bad news.(本不该告诉他这个坏消息） You are late. You should have come five minutes earlier. (早五分钟来）考例 Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. (福建2004) A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 点拨 由last week可以断定，本句是讲过去的事情，所以排除A、C。 should have told 表示 “本应该告诉，但实际上并未告诉”，是对对方的一种委婉责备。 8. reason the reason for (doing) sth. What is your reason for being absent from school?the reason why The reason why they won was that they practised hard.9. go through = experience; sufferHe has gone through a great deal in his life.He went through the hardest time with his wife. 他陪妻子度过最艰难的时期。Frank went through many dangers during the war. 弗兰克在战争中历经艰险。10. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.考点 before 意思是 “在之前”，引导时间状语从句。考例 He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. (北京2003)A. until B. when C. before D. as 点拨 句意为：他犯了一个错误，但没等形势恶化，他就扭转了局面。until 直到为止； when 当时； as 在的时候。考例 The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. （安徽 2007）A. after B. before C. since D. when点拨 “It will be a long time + before时间状语从句”是特殊句式。后一句意为“要过很久我们才会再见到他们”。考例 He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work.（江西2007）A. when B. before C. since D. that 点拨 同上。句意为“他被告知，至少再过三个月他才能恢复健康重返工作岗位。”11. set down 写下, 记下I have the details set down here in my notes.我已将详细内容记到了笔记本上。set forth 阐明，称述The reason for my decision are set forth.做出这项决定的理由我已在报告里说明了。set in 开始（并将延续下去）The rainy season has set in. 雨季已经开始了。set up 创建, 建立The government has set up a committee to inquire into the problem.政府成立了一个委员会调查这个问题。12. on purpose (by intention, deliberately) 故意They have come here on purpose to see you 他们特意来看望你。She broke the vase on purpose 她故意把花瓶打碎。13. in order to 为了(做什么事) He works very hard in order to support his family. 他努力工作是为了养家糊口。 He got up very early in order to catch the first bus. 他起的很早是为了赶上头班车。14. at dusk 黄昏，傍晚The street lights go on at dusk. 街灯在黄昏时分亮起来。15. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; . 考点 entirely adv. 完全地;彻底地考例 She devoted herself _ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field. （湖北2007）A. strongly B. extremely C. entirely D. freely 点拨 考查词义辨析。句意为“她完全致力于她的研究工作，这为她在她的领域中赢得了良好的名誉”。16. It / This is the first / second time that +主语+have / has done. It / This was the first / second / third time that + 主语+ had done. 意为“某人第几次做某事” Im not familiar with the town. It is the first time that I have come here. He told me it was the fourth time that he had made the same mistake (犯同样的错误).17. face to face 面对面地 (在句中作状语) face-to-face a.面对面的 (作定语)类似的还有heart to heart 坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 back to back 背对背地She stood face to face (面对面地) with him. We had a face-to-face talk (面对面的交谈).That night they talked heart to heart (坦诚地) with each other.I. 根据括号内所给的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。1.大约过了半个小时，他才平静下来。(calm down) 2. 你可能不喜欢他，但你不得不相信他是很聪明的。(have got to) 3. 昨晚他直到11点才上床睡觉。(not.until.) 4. 当在街上散步时，他碰见了他的老朋友汤姆。(while doing.) II 每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同。1. Its mad of you to go there alone in such bad weather. you to go there alone in such bad weather. 2. They hurried on because it was getting dark. because it was getting dark they hurried on.3. We started early so that we could arrive there before 8 oclock. We started early arrive there before 8 oclock. 4. I find that it is difficult to learn English well, so I must study harder.I find difficult to learn English well, so I must study harder. III. 选用方框内词组的正确形式填空。on purpose; no longer; hide away; set down; in order to; face to face1. I dont know why they had to _ for such a long time. 2. You make it sound as if I did it _!3. I think it is _ a secret. It is being talked everywhere in the town.4. Why dare you not speak to Harry _?5. You neednt _ everything that the teacher says in class. 6. _ earn enough money, he often works late into the night. IV. 用适当的介词填空。 1. Do you know the reason _ his coming late to class? 2. Make a list _ all the things you need to do.3. Dont you believe that he has gone _ the war? 4. Recently a series _ traffic accidents have happened in the street.答案：I.1.After about half an hour, he calmed down.2.You may not like him, but you have got to believe that he is very clever. 3. He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night. 4. While walking in the street, he met his old friend Tom.II.1. Its crazy of 2. It was that 3. in order to / so as to 4. itIII.1. hide away 2. on purpose 3. no longer 4. face to face 5. set down 6. In order toIV. 1.for 2. of 3. through 4. ofGrammarDirect speech & indirect speech直接引语和间接引语引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述, 这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).直接引语 (变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Jane said, “Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的宾语从句Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.whether/if 引导的宾语从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.特殊疑问句“Mary, when will you return me the book?” asked John.wh-词引导的宾语从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面:直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时He said that he knew it.现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.现在完成进行时He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours.一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,” he said.过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.过去完成时“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died. 一般将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时He said they would start the next day.直接引语变见解引语时, 时态要发生变化:一般现在时 一般过去时现在完成时 过去完成时现在进行时 过去进行时一般将来时 过去将来时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthe day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaygobringherethat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethat day/today/yesterday(the) next dayin two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforecome/gobring/takethere/hereExercise I1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.Exercise II1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow 3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shouldtomorrow D. he would the next day 5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethatC. if were we this D. if we werethat6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A. that he hearda week ago B. what he had heardthe week beforeC. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next timeC. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time 8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left hereC. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here 10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise把下列句子变为直接引语或间接引语。 1.“I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom. 2. “Is your father kind to you?” she often asks me. 3. Mother asked me what I was going to be when I grew up. 4. “I have to study hard to make progress,” the girl said to her friend. 5. “When will you go back to work?” Mr. Smith asked.