仁爱英语八年级下册-语法复习练习

仁爱英语八年级下册语法复习练习一，系动词及用法。大多数联系动词后面接形容词，seem后还可接不定式,be后可接副词、名词、介词短语等。联系动词和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。初中阶段常见的联系动词有be,look(看起来)，seem（似乎，好像），feel(感觉，感到)，sound(听起来)，smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），get(变)，become(变得，成为)，turn(变)，go（变），grow(变)，等。表示变化的系动词的区别：天气变化用get;颜色的变化用turn;由好变坏用go;逐渐变化用grow;好变坏、坏变好用become或get;成为用become.翻译下列句型：1.这朵花闻起来很香(sweet_2.这种食物尝起来是可口的（delicious）_3.她似乎很担心。_4.她感到烦恼。_5.这首歌听起来很优美。_6.树木变得越来越绿。_7.我感到失望。_8.天气变得越来越暖和。_二，状语从句1.Hetookoffhiscoat_hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since2.Itis_thatwedliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday3.Maryhad_muchworktodothatshewas busyallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very4._Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif15._thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As6._wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment7.Writetomeassoonasyou_toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.got1.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生都很喜欢她。MrsBrucewas_kindtoherstudents_theyall_herverymuch.2.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance_wetryourbest.3.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Willyoupleasecallme_yougettoShanghai.4.虽然她很忙，她还坚持自学英语。_,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.5.他长大后想当一名老师。Hewantstobeateacher_.6如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。_toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.7.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。LiMingdidntcometoschool_三、宾语从句1.宾语从句的连接词宾语从句是一种主从复合句，在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。根据宾语从句原先（做宾语之前）的句式，我们把宾语从句分为三类。1）.宾语从句原先是陈述句的，由that连接。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，可省略。Hesaid.Hewantedtostayathome.Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesntknow.Sheisseriouslyill.Shedoesntknow_Iamsure.Hewillsucceed.Iamsure_.2）.宾语从句原先是特殊疑问句的，由其本身疑问词连接。连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknow？Who(whom)aretheywaitingfor? Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Canyoutellme?WhereistheNo.3busstop?_Idontknow. Whyisthetrainlate? _3）.宾语从句原先是一般疑问句的，由if或whether。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。Iwanttoknow.Doeshelivethere?Iwanttoknowifhelivesthere?Heaskedme.WasthereabookstoreonCenterStreet?_2.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句（主谓式）的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisnteasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwellhavethemeeting.3.宾语从句的时态1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：Idontthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?2）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.3）如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例 OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.宾语从句的口诀：学习宾从要注意，时态语序和连词。时态主从要呼应：主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意。主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。宾从所示表真理，时态不变不怀疑。语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。That连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。从句若表“是否”时，if/whether要牢记。特殊问句做宾语，仍用原来疑问词。三个问题要记牢，切莫丢东又往西。()1Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whattheycanB.howtheycanC.howcantheyD.whatcanthey()2Histeacher_he_brightand_hewasworthteaching.A.didntthink;was;thatB.thoughtwas;whether C.didntthink;was; D.thought;wasnt;()3_we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather. A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。1.引导词1从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2从句为一般疑问句，常选择if或whether。在whetherornot结构中不能用if替换。3从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作引导词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他2.判断时态情况1主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态情况。2主句是一般过去时，从句为各种相应过去时态注意；描绘客观事实，用一般现在时。() 1.Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesun_round.A.wasB.isC.wereD.are()2.Ibelievethatourteam_thebasketballmatch.A.winB.wonC.willwinD.wins ()3.Idontknow_tovisittheoldman.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.who3.宾语从句的用法1that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外：(1)介词宾语从句的that不省略(2)and连接的几个从句，第二个从句以后的从句的that不省略。 Hetoldme(that)hehadtwosonsandthattheybothhadgonetocollege.(3)在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。 IhearditsaidthathehadgoneabroadWefounditimpossiblethathecouldfinishitinsuchashorttime2.Whether,if引导宾语从句：两词可互换，但是下列情形除外：(1)whether从句中有ornot(2)介词后用whether. Eerythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus3宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序错:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.正:Heiswondering_finishthisdifficultjob.4带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。即否定前移。错:IthinkhedoesntliketheEnglishteacher.正:I_thinkhe_theEnglish teacher. 5.主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；即主过从过。 错:Hewantedtoknowwhyheiscryinginthecorner. 正:Hewantedtoknow_cryinginthecorner.宾语从句 从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。1.Idontknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,IlltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow. A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhellcome3.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_. A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Icantunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansII.按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）Couldyoutellus_Mr.Brown_livinginChina?2.Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句） Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子） _Jim_Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Iwanttoknow_thetrain_.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用notuntil改写)They_gohome_theyhadfinishedtheirhomework6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句) LiLeiwantstoknow_Peter_hereyesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I.15DDDCD610ADDBDII.1.ifwhether;enjoys2.ifwhether;needed3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5.didnt;until6.whether;came四，形容词和副词比较等级： 21.InChinafamiliesarebecoming_with_children.A,small,fewB,smaller,fewerC,smallest,fewestD,smaller,less22.Whydoesshelookso_?Didshehailintheexamagain?A,interestedB,excitingC,unhappyD,surprised23.Thebosstriedtofinishtheworkwith_moneyand_people.A,less,fewerB,fewer,fewC,few,less,D,little,less24.Mikewenttoschooltodaybecausehefelt_.A,enoughwellB,goodenoughC,enoughgoodD,wellenough25.ImsorryImlate.Thereis_withmybike.A,anythingwrongB,somethingwrongC,wronganythingD,wrongsomething26.WhatsthematterwithTom?Helooks_.A,unhappyB,hungrilyC,sadlyD,happily27.NowMr.Browndrivesmuch_thanhedidtwoyearsago.A,carefulB,carefullyC,morecarefulD,morecarefully28.Isthere_intodaysnewspaper?A,somethingnewB,newsomethingC,anynewthingsD,anythingnew29.Whichis_,cotton,woodoriron?A,heavierB,heaviestC,theheaviestD,themostheaviest30.Inmyopinion,TimdoesntwriteEnglish_hissister.A,asclearasB,soclearasC,moreclearlyasD,asclearlyas31.A:Isthere_intodaysnewspaper? B:Yes.A,anythingimportantB,anyimportantthingC,importantanythingD,anythingsimportant32.Hespoke_foreveryoneintheclasstohear.A,enoughloudB,loudenoughC,louderenoughD,enoughlouder33.Yourideasoundsmuch_thanhis.A,interestingB,interestedC,moreinterestingD,moreinterested34.Shipscomeandgoontheriver_boats.A,asnoisyasB,noisierthanC,asnoisilyasD,muchnoisilythan35.Thetraintravelsattopspeed.Theunderlinedpartmeans_.A,thebestB,thetallestC,thefastestD,thefarthest词性变换：1.ImafraidthatIcantafford(负担)suchan_cellphone.(expense) 2.Dogscanhelpblindpeoplewalkacrossthestreet_.(safe)3.Pleasereadthetestpaper_beforeyoudoit.(careful)4.Thereare_than200passengersonhisplane.(much)5.Hereisa_presentforyourbirthday.(love)6.Heisnotas_tousashissister.(friend)7.You_helpedmealot.Thankyouverymuchindeed.(real)8.Thelittlegirlwasso_whenshesawthetrafficaccident.(frighten)形容词、副词参考答案21-30BCADBADDCD31-35ABCCC 词性变换：1.expensive2.safely3.carefully4.more5.lovely6.friendly7.really8.frightened五，动词不定式基本形式：to+动词原形（肯定形式）Notto+动词原形（否定形式）特征：没有人称和数的变化。常用句型：Its+adj(+forsb）+todosth.Too+adj+todosth.动词不定式可以跟疑问词连用。例如.Idontknowwhattodohowtodoit.1.Whatdoyouwant_(be)whenyougrowup?2.Thepoliceofficertoldtheboys_(notplay)soccerontheroad.3.Tonyaskedhisgrandpa_(give)himatoycarforhisbirthday.4.Hedecided_(make)decisionsbyhimselffromnowon.5.Theworkersplan_(build)thebridgeintwoyears.6.Iamreallysorry_(hear)that.7.Wouldyoulikesomething_(drink)?8.Hisbrothertaughthim_(play)basketball.9.LiYangadvisedme_（notdrink）toomuch.10.Youneed_(see)adoctorwhenyouhaveheadachesoften.六，常用的表达方式1，关于花费：Sth.costsb.+钱Sb.spend+时钱in、onsth.doingsth.Ittakesb时todosth.Sb.pay钱forsth.1. Iminterestedinanimals,soI_everysaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.PayB.costC.takeD.spend2.Theyspendtoomuchtime_thereport.A.writingB.towriteC.onwritingD.write3.-Whatbeautifulshoesyourewearing!Theymustbeexpensive-No，theyonly_l0yuan.AspentBtookCpaidDcost4.-WillyoupleaseformydinnerPeter?-Sure!A.spendB.payC.costD.take5.Itwill_metoomuchtimetoreadthisbook.A.takeB.costC.spendD.pay6.Thissciencebook_meagreatamountofmoney.A.tookB.costCusedD.spent7.-Doyouoftengetonline?-Yes,I_lotsoftimeonit.Itsagoodwaytokilltime.A.costB.spendC.takeD.pay2，特殊疑问词+不定式。（whattodohowtodoit）3，表示方位的介词区别Inthe+方位名词+of指某一范围内的地区。（中国，北京）tothe+方位名词+of指互不接壤互不管辖的地区。（中国，日本）onthe+方位名词+of相互接壤但互不管辖的地区。（中国，尼泊尔） ()1TheUnitedStatesis_thesouthofCanadaand_theeastofJapan.A.to;inB.on;toC.in;besideD.at;on()2Themanstood_thewindow,watchingtheboysplayingoutside.A.inB.byC. to()3Japanlies_theeastofChina.A.onB/toC.inD.with4，目的状语从句。(同结果状语从句)Sothat引导的状语从句。So+adj./adv.+that、so+adj.+an/a+名词单数+that如此以至于用于引导主句导致的结果。Such+n.+that.从句。同样表示如此以至于。不同：so后面接形容词或副词，such后面接名词。Sothat.引导结果状语从句，表示因此、所以。1她是如此的疲惫，以致于很快就睡着了。 Shewas_she_quickly.2.这是一本非常有趣的小说，以致于我读了三遍。 Itwas_novelthatreaditthreetimes.3.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。Heruns_nobodycancatchupwithhim.4.玛丽有如此多的工作要做，以致于她整天呆在办公室。 Maryhad_todothatshestayedatherofficeallday.5. Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety_ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.asB.thatC.whichD.where6.Hisplanwassuchagoodone_weallagreedtoacceptit.A.asB.thatC.soD.and7.Thebookwaswrittenin_easyEnglish_evenstudentscouldunderstandit.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.very;that8.ZhouLiboisgoodatmakingpeoplelaugh.Hislivelyshowswere_hotthatticketssoldoutinminutes. A.veryB.tooC.suchD.so 1 形容词、副词的比较等级1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。asas,not as/so as .注意：not as / so as = less than 不及；不如. less+原形，否定的比较级.eg. This book isnt as interesting as that one = This book is _ _ _ that one.=That book is _ _ _this one.2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）Which is _ useful, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（常与表范围的in , of短语连用）1)Shanghai is the _(big) city in China.2)He runs _(fast) in our class.3)He is the _(tall) of the three boys.4.形、副比较等级的其他用法1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越”lazier and lazier 越来越懒. 注意：多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + (形、副). more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮2) “the比较级，the比较级” “越，越”_ you are, _ you will get.你越懒，收获越少。注意: the 后是用形容词还是副词。你越细心。The more _ you are. =The more _ you do.3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较的一个”Lucy is the _(young) of the twins.4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”他比我高一个头。Hes a _ _ than me.My brother is_ _ _ than me.(大两岁)5)表示“是几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + asas”This book _ _ as _ as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。He has _ _ as _ books as I have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。6)区别older / elder与farther / furtherolder（年龄较老的） elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）eg. My _ brother is _ than me.farther (指距离“较远的”)further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)1)He went abroad for _ studies.2)Beijing is _ from our hometown than Chongqing. 形、副比较等级还应注意1.比较级前用a little 一点儿; much / a lot ; even / still，表示“；得多 ； 更.1) a little bigger 大一点儿 2)much more 多得多3)even heavier更重但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。这些词用在原形前。2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是The同类事物），注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones。My hair is longer than _ (she)The silk or woolen scarves feel softer than _ made of cotton.3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other + 单数名词”来进行比较。1）Betty(是个体) is cleverer than any student in her class(是整体). ( )正：Betty is cleverer than _ _ student in her class.= Betty is cleverer than ( _ ) _ students in her class.=Betty is cleverer than _ _ in her class.= _ _ is clever than Betty.=Betty is the _in her class.2)China is bigger than _ _ in Africa.中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。3) China is bigger than _ _ _in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何一个其他国家大。*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( ) (all her sisters已排除了Mary)改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.5.表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, ”（但“第一”可以省略用first）Yellow River is the _ _ river in China,2 句子分析一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和_。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。His job is to teach English.（不定式）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They made him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。状语种类如下：1 How about meeting again at six?（_状语）2 Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（_状语）3 I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（_状语）4 Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_状语）5 She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方_状语）6 She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴_状语）7 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（_状语）8 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（_状语）9 She works very hard though she is old.（_状语）10 I am taller than he is.（_状语）二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。2）并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用an