高中重点语法集锦.doc

一、非谓语动词非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词非谓语动词用法：一）动词不定式： 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：Im glad to meet you. / The patient asked to be operated on at once.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. / He seems to be reading in his room.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie. / I happened to have seen the film.二）动名词：1）一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。2）被动式：He came to the party without being invited他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.5）否定式：not + doing I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。三）现在分词：1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 3) 与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。4) with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。4) 悬垂分词：udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 从外表看，他一定是个演员。Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。Considering his age, he has done a good job.四）过去分词：1)过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。2) 过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了。有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶） newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界） 3) 过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。4)做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。4) 过去分词作状语：Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）Given more time, Ill be able to do it better. 如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。非谓语动词考点分析1The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C,didt include women players until 1919.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing2European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make3John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 4I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going5_ a reply,he decided to write again. 6Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented7Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.having been invited8The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied非谓语动词专练1._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.A.To give B.Having given C.Given D.Giving2.The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.to be written B.written C.being written D.having written3.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.to play B.play C.to be playing D.playing4._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.To lose B.Lost C.Having lost D.Losing5.When passing me he pretended _ me.A.to see B.not having seen C.to have not seen D.not to have seen6.The children insisted _ there on foot.A.they going B.they would go C.on their going D.going7.He still remembers _ to Shanghai when he was very young.A.taking B.being taken C.taken D.having taken8._ the railway station,we had a break,only _ the train had left.A.Arriving at;to find B.Coming to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding out D.Hurrying to;to have found out9.With the boy _ the way,we had no trouble _ the way _ to Zhongshan Park.A.leading;finding;leading B.to lead;found;to lead C.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led10._ these pictures,I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Being and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.A.Seeing;seen B.Seen;seeing C.Seeing;seeing D.Seen;seen11.I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.to have sailed B.to sail C.sailing D.sail12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move13._ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A.That;advancing B.This;advanced C.As;advanced D.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed16.Please excuse my _ in without _ .A.come;permitted B.coming;permitted C.comimg;being permitted D.to come;being permitted17._ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then.A.Holding;being held B.Held;holding C.Having held;held D.Held;to be held18.Did you hear her _ this pop song this time the other day?Yes,and I heard this song _ in English.A.sing;singing B.sung;sung C.sung;singing D.singing;sung19.The question _ now at the meeting is not the question _ yesterday.A.discussed;discussed B.discussing;had discussed C.being discussed;discussed D.discussing;discussing20.With the cooking _ ,I went on _ some sewing.A.done;to do B.being done;doing C.to be done;doing D.to have done;doing21.It is no use _ your past mistakes.A. regretting B. regret C. to regret D. regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing _ to her,only _ her five children.A.left;to leave B.leaving;leaving C.leaving;left D.left;leaving23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem _ .A.to work B.to work out C.to be worked out D.to work it out24.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling25.Climbing mountains was _ ,so we all felt _ .A.tiring;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tiring D.tired;tired26.I saw some villagers _ on the bench at the end of the room.A.seating B.seat C.seated D.seated themselves27.She was glad to see her child well _ care of.A.take B.to be taken C.taken D.taking28.It is one of the important problems _ tomorrow.A.to solve B.to be solved C.solved D.solving29._ maps properly,you need a special pen.A.Drawn B.Drawing C.To draw D.Be drawing30.There is a river _ around our school.A.to run B.run C.running D.to be running31.How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taken32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet _ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. _ when I got home.A.lying;stolen B.laying;stealing C.lay;stolen D.lying;stealing33.Whth the kindhearted boy _ me with my work,Im sure Ill be able to spare time _ with your work.A.to help;help you out B.helping;helping you C.helped;to help you out D.to help;to help you34.Greatly movedd by her words, _ .A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears.35.I hope the children wont touch the dog.Ive warned them _ .A.not B.not to C.not touch D.not do36.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone37.When _ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.A.been asked B.asked C.asking D.to be asked38.The man kept silent in the room unless _ .A.spoken to B.spoke to C.spoken D.to speak39.He was often listened _ in the next room.A.sing B.sung C.to sing D.to to sing40.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride;ride B.riding;ride C.ride;to ride D.to ride;riding非谓语动词专练答案15 C B D B D 610 C B A A A 1115 C B C C B 1620 C A D C A2125 A D B C A 2630 C C B C C 3135 C A D B B 3640 B B A D C 二、情态动词和虚拟语气类别用法例句If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIf he were here, he would help us.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might +have+doneIf I had been free, I would have visited you.与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/ should+动词原形were+to do主句动词：should/would/could/might+doIf it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.宾语从句insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, request, require, demand, desire, recommend, urge+ 宾语从句(should + do)He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.主语从句It is natural/necessary/strange/vital +that从句 (should) doIt is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required+ that从句(should+ do)It is proposed that more students should go to university.表语从句和同位语从句Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal+ is +表语从句(should)doHis suggestion/advice/request/requirement+ 同位语从句(should )do+ is.My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible.其他句型中It is (high/about) time + 从句(did或should do )It is (high/about) time we went home.as if/though和wish后从句中分别用过去式、过去完成时和could/would+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反He treated her as if she were her own daughter.wish后从句中分别用过去式、过去完成时和could/would+动词原形表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反I wish I could go with them tomorrow.If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反)/ (would/could/might + do与将来相反) /( had done 与过去相反) “要是.就好了“If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反);(had done 与过去相反)I would rather you hadnt told her the news.一、易错剖析（每小题2分，满分30分）易错点1. 情态动词对现在猜测的误用1. If youre not careful, you _ get into even worse trouble. A. needB. can C. could D. must2. It _ be MrJohnson who is in the office No, it _ be himI saw him off at the airport half an hour agoAcant ; cant Bmust; cantCmust; mustnt Dmay; mustnt3. Hiking trips sound exciting, but actually they _ be unfomfortable and even dangerous. A. will B. should C. must D. can易错点2. 情态动词+have done结构的误用4.How did you do on the driving test? -Not so well. I _ much better but I was too nervous. A. would do B. could have done C. must have done D. should do 5. - She looks very sad. She _ have not passed the exam.- I guess so. Its difficult after all.A. should B. could C. must D. might6. IlltellMaryaboutthe working plantomorrow.You_heryesterday. Aoughttotell Bwouldhavetold Cmusttell Dshouldhavetold易错点3. 虚拟语气在条件句中的误用7. Could you tell me how to do this exercise?Well, if you_ to the teacher carefully yesterday, you_ how to do it now.A. had listened; would know B. listened; would have knowC. would listen; know D. has listened; knew8. Will you go home after this examination?Of course. But if it_ rain tomorrow, I wouldnt.A. willB. shallC. wouldD. should9. But for the help of my English teacher, I _the first prize in the English Speaking Competition. Awould win Bwould have won Cwould not win Dwould not have won易错点4. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的误用10. He suggested that the person _to be punished.A. refers B. refer C. should refer D. referred11. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon. Awould be sent Bshould send Cbe sent Dmust be sent12.- How much of the foreign experts speech have you understood? -Next to nothing. I wish I _ harder at English. A. worked B. had worked C. would work D. were working易错点5. 虚拟语气在从句中的倒装 13. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to _ the picnic. A. Would; put forward B. Should; call off C. Will; give up D. Should; put up14. He would be our monitor now, _Wang Ling _ six more votes in the election of our class,A. Did; receiveB. had; receivedC. should; recerveD.were; to receive15. _ for the fact that his father is general manager of the company, he would never get the job.A. Had it not beenB. were it not C. Had not it beenD. were not it二、纠错体验（每小题2分，满分20分）1.Any information about your son? -No. If only I _ those tough words to him. A. didnt say B. hadnt say C. shouldnt have said D. couldnt have said2.-I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present -Its time you _. A. do B. did C. had D. would3.George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused4.According to the school reles, no student _ go out of the school after eleven oclock at night without the teachers permission. A. shall B. will C. must D. may5. I cant imagine there _ be a shortage of water in Yunnan, the southwest of China where there used to be adequate rain. A. could B. must C. can D. should6. I really _thank you enough. Its been an amazing day. A. neednt B. should C. must D. cannot7.-_ the woman with the baby come over? We have a seat here. -Thank you, sir. Actually I do have my seat here. But my baby likes to look out of the window. A. Would B. Shall C. Must D.May 8.The research on the new bird flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? -_ my student have a try? A. Shall B.Must C.Will D.May9.Regulations require _needs special diets _the cooking manager in advance.A. who; informs B. whom; informedC. whomever; inform D. whoever; inform10. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken11. Why _ you be talking so loudly while others are studying?I am terribly sorry.(2009福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查）A. shall B. must C. will D. may12. I didnt go to the movie last night because of the rain.What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I _ it. (2009福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查）A. wouldnt have missed B. wouldnt missC. didnt miss D. hadnt missed13. I regret to say that I _ have shouted at you the other day.Forget it. I was bit out of control myself.(2009海淀区高三年级第一学期期末练习）A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.couldnt D.mightnt14. I heard the phone ringing in the office next door.You _ it. They havent got a phone yet. （北京市西城区2010届高三上学期期末抽样测试）A.couldnt hear B.couldnt have heard C.didnt hear D.wouldnt have heard15.I was not in Beijing last June, otherwise I _ my sons graduation ceremony. （北京市西城区2010届高三上学期期末抽样测试）A.would not miss B.didnt missC.would not have missed D.had not missed16. Can I have something to eat, Mum? I feel hungry. You _ be hungry. Youve just had some bread and hamburger. （哈尔滨市第六中学2009-2010学年上学期期末考试）A. maynt B. wont C. mustnt D. cant17. “Everyone _ not fire without the signal or youll be severely punished or even killed,” urged the commander. （黑龙江省双鸭山一中2010届高三上学期期末考试）A. would B. might C. shall D. need18. _ last as his coach suggested, he wouldnt have narrowly escaped being killed. （2009湖南师大附中第五次月考）A. Hadnt the skydiver exited B. If the skydiver hadnt exitedC. Should the skydiver not exit D. If the skydiver wouldnt exit19. According to the school rules, no student _ go out of the school after eleven oclock at night without the teachers permission. （200911山东曲阜高三教学质量调研）A. will B. must C. may D. shall20. While learning to cook, Marge found that cooking was much harder than the most difficult chemistry experiments: beans and chicken _ burn and stick to the pan.（上海交大附中2010届高三英语期中考试）A. should B. must C. need D. would21.The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _ to it.（上海交大附中2010届高三英语期中考试）A. have not gone B. did not goC. can not have gone D. had not gone22. I didnt tell my parents the secret yesterday.But you _.（重庆八中2010级高三上学期第三次月考）A. ought to do B. ought toC. should D. ought to have23. I dont think you should use the dictionary while reading newspapers._, but I cant do without it.A.No, I should B.Yes, I shouldntC.No, I shouldnt D.Yes, I should24. Dad, would you buy me an MP3 player if I do well in the final exam?I _, I promise.A.would B.shall C.should D.will25. Is there a fog in the evening?There _ be. Ill make a phone call to find it out.A.must B.would C.will D.might 26. Would you like to work in my company?Sorry, Id rather _ here, but Id rather my brother _ to your company.A. staying; goes B. to stay; to goC. stay; went D. to stay; goes27. I supported him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike.A.might fall B.would fallC.should have fallen D.would have fallen28. You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids.I wish I _, but you know how busy I was.A. should; would B. could; did C. might; should D. should; had29. If he _ that he _ to work there, everything would be OK now.A. insisted; be sent B. insisted; was sentC. had insisted; be sent D. had insisted; was sent30. Without your help, we _ this task on time.My pleasure.A. dont finish B. will not finishC. didnt finish D. would not have finished答案：11-15 BAABC 16-20DCBDD 21-25 DDCDD 26-30 CDDCD 三、定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。一、关系代词1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物； 2. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 4.非限定性定语从句