自考英美文学个人笔记心得体会超经典.doc

Edit By CK Mid of 2009 Reading Comprehesion British and American Literature Catalog 第一章 英国文学 4 1 1 上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介 4 1 2THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD 文艺复兴时期 5 1 2 1Edmund edm nd Spenser 埃德蒙 斯宾赛 6 1 2 2Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫 马洛 8 1 2 3William Shakespeare 威廉 莎士比亚 9 1 2 4Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯 培根 10 1 2 5John Donne 约翰 邓恩 12 1 2 6John Milton 约翰 弥尔顿 13 1 3THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD 新古典主义时期 13 1 3 1John Bunyan 约翰 班扬 14 1 3 2Alexander li z nd Pope 亚历山大 蒲柏 15 1 3 3Daniel d nj l Defoe di f u 丹尼尔 笛福 16 1 3 4Jonathan d n n Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特 17 1 3 5 Henry Fielding 亨利 费尔丁 17 1 3 6 Samuel s mju l Johnson 塞缪尔 约翰逊 18 1 3 7Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查 比 谢立丹 18 1 3 8 Thomas Gray 托马斯 格雷 19 1 4THE ROMANTIC PERIOD 浪漫主义时期 20 1 4 1William Blake 威兼 布莱克 20 1 4 2 William Wordsworth 威廉 华兹华斯 21 1 4 3 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞 泰 科勒律治 22 1 4 4 George Gordon Byron 乔治 戈登 拜伦 23 1 4 5Percy Bysshe Shelley 波 比 雪莱 23 1 4 6 John Keats 约翰 济慈 24 1 4 7 Jane Austen stin 简 奥斯汀 25 1 5 THE VICTORIAN VIK T RI N PERIOD 维多利亚时期 26 1 5 1 Charles Dickens 查尔斯 狄更斯 26 1 5 2 The Bronte Sisters 布朗蒂姐妹 27 1 5 3 Alfred Tennyson lfrid tenisn 阿尔弗雷德 丁尼生 28 1 5 4 Robert Browning 罗伯特 布朗宁 28 1 5 5 George Eliot elj t 乔治 艾略特 29 1 5 6 Thomas Hardy 托马斯 哈代 30 1 6 THE MODERN PERIOD 现代主义 30 1 6 1 George Bernard Shaw 乔治 萧伯纳 32 1 6 2 John Galsworthy lzw i 约翰 高尔斯华绥 34 1 6 3 William Butler Yeats jeits 威廉 巴特勒 叶芝 34 1 6 4 T S Eliot elj t T S 埃略特 35 1 6 5 D H Lawrence l r ns 戴维 伯特 劳伦斯 36 1 6 6 James Joyce d eimz d is 詹姆斯 乔伊斯 37 第二章 美国文学 40 2 1THE ROMANTIC PERIOD 浪漫主义时期 40 2 1 1Washington Irving vi 华盛顿 欧文 40 2 1 2Ralph Waldo Emerson r lf w ld u em sn 拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生 41 2 1 3Nathaniel Hawthorne n nj l 纳撒尼尔 霍桑 42 2 1 4 Walt Whitman w lt witm n 华尔特 惠特曼 43 2 1 5 Herman Melville 赫尔曼 麦尔维尔 44 2 2 THE REALISTIC PERIOD 现实主义时期 45 2 2 1 Mark Twain 马克 吐温 46 2 2 2 Henry James 亨利 詹姆斯 47 2 2 3 Emily Dickinson 艾米莉 狄金森 48 2 2 4 Theodore Dreiser 西奥多 德莱塞 49 2 3 THE MODERN PERIOD 现代时期 50 2 3 1 Ezra Pound 埃兹拉 庞德 50 2 3 2 Robert Lee Frost 罗伯特 弗洛斯特 51 2 3 3 Eugene O Neill 尤金 奥尼尔 52 2 3 4 F Scott Fitzgerald 司各特 菲兹杰拉德 52 2 3 5 Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特 海明威 53 2 3 6 William Faulkner 威廉 福克纳 54 第一章 英国文学 1 1 上古世纪及中世纪英国文学简介 古英文学范围 450 1066 罗马征服英国 古英诗分为两类 宗教类和世俗类 Beowul 贝奥武夫 古英国民族史诗例子 赞扬骑士或其它英雄的浪漫史 中世纪 乔叟的坎特伯雷集 第一次描写中世纪英国社会现实 乔叟介绍来自法国的押韵诗节 来代替英国的头韵诗节 乔叟 英国诗歌之父 乔叟把角色提到一个立体的高度 有个人独特的气质 中世纪的英国文学是一个空洞的 barren 时期 1 The period of old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066 the year of the Norman Conquest of England 2 Generally speaking the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups the religious group and the secular sekjul 世俗 的 one 3 Beowulf be w lf 贝奥武夫 一个英雄名 a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded today as the national epic 史诗 of the Anglo saxons l u s ks n pl 盎格鲁撒克逊族 古 英国人的一个种族 盎格鲁撒克逊语 又名古代英语 Old English 4 Romance 浪漫史 which uses narrative n r tiv 叙述的 verse 诗句 or prose 散文 to sing knightly 骑士的 adventures or other heroic hi r uik deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval medi i v l period 5 The work that presented for the first time in English literature a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery 走廊 of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely Geoffery Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales d efr 乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集 6 Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas raim 押韵诗节 of various types to English poetry to replace the old English alliterative verse l t r t v adj 头韵的 头韵体的 7 Chaucer was called the father of English poetry 750 1 2The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴时期 中世纪自现代的中间转折期 14 世纪到 17 世纪中叶 文艺复兴时期 古罗马和希腊文学的重新发现 文艺复兴时期的本质 人道主义 文艺复兴的重大改革 圣经的传播 文艺复兴的宗教改革 阶段斗争 英国文学家认为 Petrarch 彼德拉克是文学的根源 文艺复兴早期 诗歌和戏剧是最突出的形式 代表人物 Ben Johnson William Shakespeare 伊丽莎白戏剧是文艺复兴的主流 文艺复兴影响英国比较慢 不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆 还因为英国的内乱 文艺复兴的本质是人文主义者摒弃封建主义 推动新思想的一场运动 文艺复兴是英国的文学黄金时期 1 The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to modern world Generally it refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th centuries 2 The Renaissance which means rebirth or revial is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture the new discoveries in geography and astrology 占星术 the religious reformation and the economic expansion 3 Humanism is the essence esns 本质 of Renaissance 人道主义是文艺复兴时期的 本质 4 One of the major results of Reformation was the fact that the Bible in English was placed in every church and services were held in English so that people could understand 5 The religious reformation was actually a reflection of the class struggle waged by the new rising bourgeoisie bu w zi 资产阶级 against the feudal 封建的 class and its ideology aidi l d i 观念学 6 Petrarch petr k was regarded as the fountainhead 根源 of literature by English writers 英国作家认为彼特拉克是文学的根源 7 In early stage of the Renaissance poetry and poetic p u etik drama were the most outstanding literary forms and they were carried on especially by Shakespeare and Ben Jonson 本 琼森 1300 8 Eliabethan i liz bi n drama is the mainstream of the English Renaissance 伊 丽莎白时代的戏剧是英国文艺复兴的主流 1 2 1Edmund edm nd Spenser 埃德蒙 斯宾赛 代表作 仙后 12 本书的 12 种品德 Spenser 英雄中的英雄 亚瑟 Spenser 的红十字骑士代表神圣 仙后的结局 骑士和 Una 结婚 Spenser 诗人中的诗人 1 Spenser s masterpiece is The Faerie Queene 仙后 2 Spenser speaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman and plans 12 books each one with a different hero distinguished for one of the private virtues 3 The hero of heroes who possesses all of these virtues is Arthur 亚瑟 and he is to play a role in each of the 12 major adventures 1600 4 The Redcross knight in Book I stands for St George the patron saint of England he also represents Holiness 5 The Faerie Queene ends with a happy wedding between Redcross knight and Una 1700 6 Spenser has been known as the poets poet 7 Five main qualities of spenser s poetry A perfect melody mel di 旋律 完好的旋律 A rare sense of beauty 少有的美感 A splendid imagination 辉煌的想像力 A lofty moral purity and seriousness 高尚的道德洁净性和认真性 A dedicated idealism 热诚的理想主义 1 2 2Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫 马洛 代表作 共写了六个剧本 最重要的是 Tamburlain Dr Faustus Jew of Melta Edward II Tamburlain 描写一个有野心的征服者 从牧师成为了国王 Dr Faustus 是基于一个德国的传说 一个魔术师为了追求真理 把自己的灵 魂卖给了魔鬼 马洛最大的成就 完善了无韵诗 并使之成为了英国戏剧的主要媒介 马洛第二个成就 文艺复兴英雄的创造 马洛 英国戏剧的先行者 有激情的牧羊人 是英国文学最美的歌词 1 As the most gifted of the university wits Marlowe composed of six plays within his short lifetime Among them the most important are Tamburlaine Dr Faustus The Jew of Malta Edward II 爱德华 2 Tamburlaine is a play about an ambitious and pitiless 有野心的并且无情的 conqueror k k r 征服者 in the 14th century who rose from a shepherd ep d 牧师 to an overpowering king 2200 3 Dr Faustus is a play based on the German legend of a magician m d i n 魔术师 aspiring s pai ri 追求 for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil 4 The theme of Dr Faustus A It celebrates the human passion for knowledge power and happiness B It also reveals man s frustration in realizing the high aspirations sp rei n 志向 in a hostile moral order C And the confinement to time is the cruelest fact of man s condition 5 Marlowe s greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse and made it the principal medium of English drama 6 Marlowe s second achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama 7 Marlowe was best known as the pioneer pai ni of English drama 8 The short poem The passionate shepherd to his love is considered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics 歌词 in English literature 2800 1 2 3William Shakespeare 威廉 莎士比亚 代表作 A 两个叙述诗 维纳斯和安东尼斯 B 六个喜剧 夏日晚上的梦 威尼斯商人 小题大做 只要你喜 欢 第十二夜 温莎女子 C 两个悲剧 罗密欧和朱利叶 朱利叶丝 D 最伟大的四大悲剧 Hamlet Othello King lear Macbeth 莎士比亚 伟大的剧作家和诗人 38 个剧本 154 个十四行诗 2 个长诗 莎士比亚关键二十年 1591 1611 莎士比亚用独白 soliloquies 提示人物内心 18 个十四行诗是莎士比亚最美的十四行诗 To be or not to be 到自莎士比亚的村庄 Hamlet Shakespeare 认为这样一个原则 君主统一是必须的 To be or not to be means to live on or to die to suffer or to take action 许多人把 威尼斯商人 看作是基督徒的虚伪 对犹太人的不公正 1 William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights 剧作家 and poets the world has ever know With his 38 plays 154 soonets 十四行诗 and 2 long poems he has established his giant position in world literature 2 From about 1591 to about 1611 Shakespeare was in the prime of 正值壮年 his dramatic carrer 3 In 1593 and 1594 Shakespeare published two narrative poems 叙述诗 Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和安东尼斯 and The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克斯受辱记 4 Shakespeare s comedies include A Mid summer Night s dream The Merchant of Venice venis 威尼斯 Much Ado du About Nothing 小题大做 As you like it Twelfth night The merry wives of windsor winz 温莎 姓氏 5 Shakespeare s tragedies include Remeo and Juliet Julius Caesar d u lj s si z 朱利叶斯 男子名 暴君 6 The soliloquies s lil kwi pl quies 自言自语 独白 in Shakespeare s plays fully reveal the inner conflict of his characters 7 Sonnet 18 is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare The theme of this poem is A nice summer s day is usually transient tr nzi nt 短暂的 but the beauty in poetry can last for ever Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permernence of poetry 8 To be nor not to be that is the question is a line taken from Hamlet 村庄 1 2 4Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯 培根 代表作 Of studies Novum Organum 新工具 Bacon 认为学术的长进是教育的一个重要阶段 Bacon 认为 人类的理解力包括三个方法 对历史的记忆 对诗歌的想像和 创造 对人类理性的哲学 Bacon 的诗 简短 致密 有力 Bacon 在 Of studies 中提出 某些书是需要尝的 某些书需要吞 某些书需要 咀噬和消化 Of studies 是 Bacon 的 58 行诗 Bacon 写的 Novum Organum 新工具 是用拉丁文写的一套方法 methodology Bacon s Of Studies reveals to us his matute attitude to learning Of studies 读书使人充实 讨论使人有准备 写作使人严谨 exact 培根的散文集是英国文学的典范 1 The Advancement of Learning is a great tract on education 学术的长进是教 育的一个重要阶段 2 According to Bacon man s understanding consists of three parts A history to man s memory B poetry to imagination and creation C and philosophy to man s reason 3 Bacon s essays are famous for their brevity brev t 简短 compactness k m p ktnis 致密性 密度 and powerfulness 4 Studies serve for delight for ornament n m nt 修饰 and for ability is a line taken from Bacon s Of Studies 5 In his essay of Of studies Bacon said Some books are to be tasted others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested 6 Of Studies is the most popular of Bacon s 58 essays 7 The theme of the Of Studies It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies and how studies exert 施加 influence over human character 8 Novum Organum n m 新工具 is written by Francis Bacon 9 Novum Organum is a successful treatise tri tiz 论文 written in latin on methodology me d l d 一套方法 1 2 5John Donne 约翰 邓恩 代表作 Sermons 说教 日出 特点 metaphysical school 形而上学流派 基本主旨 爱情 John Donne 在 The Sun Rising 中 question the sun s authority 1 The term metaphysical met fizik l 玄妙的 形而上学的 poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne 2 Though John Donne s poems were not well accepted in his life time the early 20th century saw a renewed interest in him and other metaphysical poems 3 John Donne is the leading figure of the metaphysical school 4 The songs and sonnets by which Donne is probably best known contains most his early lyrics Love is the basic theme 5 Donne s great prose works are his sermons 说教 which are both rich and imaginative 1 2 6John Milton 约翰 弥尔顿 代表作 失乐园 力士参孙 Samson Agonist 失乐园是分为 12 本书的史诗 原始故事取至圣经 力士参孙 基于希蜡模式的戏剧诗 主旨 意愿自由 John Milton s The Parodise Lost tell us to beg to God for mercy or admire his power is more shameful John Milton 的作品分为三类 早期的的诗歌作品 中期的散文小册子和后期 的伟大的诗歌著作 英国浪漫主义时期的作家 John Milton 的名作 失乐园 取至圣经旧约 Testament 1 Paradise Lost is a long epic 史诗 divided into 12 books The original story is taken from the Bible 2 In 1671 appeared Milton s last important work Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 the most powerful dramatic poem on the Greek model 3 The freedom of the will is the keystone 基本原理 of Milton s creed 纲领 4 Paradise Lost is Milton s masterpiece 5 Milton s literary achievements can be divided into three groups A the early poetic works B the middle prose pamphlets C the last great poems 1 3The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期 新古典主义时期是在 1660 年斯图亚特王朝对英国政权的回归和 1798 年英国 诗人沃兹沃斯 科尔里奇的热情民歌诗的发布之间的时期 18 世纪的英国 启蒙时期 理性时代 谢里丹 剧作家的领导形象 启蒙运动是进步的知识分子的运动 1 Neoclassical Period ni kl s k l is the one in English literature between the return of the Stuarts stju t 斯图亚特王朝 to the English throne in 1660 and the publication of lyrical 热情的 Ballads b l d 民歌 by Wordsworth 沃兹沃斯 英国诗人 and Coleridge k ulrid 科 尔里奇 英国诗人 in 1798 新古典主义时期是在 1660 年斯图亚特王朝对英国政权的回归和 1798 年英国诗人沃兹 沃斯 科尔里奇的热情民歌诗的发布之间的时期 2 The eighteenth century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment 启蒙时代 or the age of Reason 理性时代 3 In the theatrical i trik l 戏剧的 world Richard Brinsley Sheridan 谢里丹 was the leading figure among a host of playwrights 剧作家 1 3 1John Bunyan 约翰 班扬 代表作 The pilgrim s progress 天路历程 天路历程 最成功的宗教寓言 天路历程的主旨 寻求精神上的救世主 天路历程的文学形象 宗教的 忠诚的 柔韧的 天路历程中 vanity fair 浮华世界 名利场 英国新古典主义时期的作家 John Bunyang 写的 天路历程 的主旨 告诉人 们要遵守基督教义 通过与自身弱点和邪恶的斗争来拯救自己 1 The Pilgrim s Progess 香客 朝圣者 天路历程 is the most successful religious allegory li ri 寓言 in the English language 2 The Pilgrim s Progess by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the search for spiritual salvation s l vei n 精神上的救世主 3 Christian Faithful and pliable plai bl 柔韧的 are the literary figures in John Bunyan s The pilgrim s progress 1 3 2Alexander li z nd Pope 亚历山大 蒲柏 代表作 批评论 Rape of Lock 夺发记 批评论 用英雄对联形式写的说教诗 Pope 第一个介绍理性主义到英国的人 英国新古典主义时期的作家 Alexander Pope 在 Rape of Lock 夺发记 中描写了 贵族愚蠢的 空洞的生活 1 As a representative of the Enlighternment Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism 理性主义 to England 2 Alexander Pope is well known for the style of biting satire His best satiric work is The Dunciad 群愚史诗 3 Pope made his name as a great poet with the publication of An Essay on Criticism in 1711 4 Pope was the greatest poet of his time He strongly advocated neoclassicism 新古典主义 emphasizing that literary works should be judged by classical rules of order reason logic restrained emotion good taste and decorum di k r m 礼节 5 An essay on Criticism is a didactic d d kt k 说教的 poem written in heroic hi r uik Couplets 对联 6 Words are like leaves and where they most abound Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found Question A Identify the poem and poet Alexander Pope An assay on Criticism B What idea do the two lines express On fruit trees where leaves are plentiful fruit will be few Similary in a piece of writing where too many fine words are used good sense will be much reduced C Summarize the theme of this poem Pope advises the critics not to stress too much the artificial use of Conceit 独断 or the external beauty of language but to pay special attention to True Wit which is best set in a plain style 1 3 3Daniel d nj l Defoe di f u 丹尼尔 笛福 代表作 鲁滨逊漂流记 鲁滨逊是一个真实的 18 世纪中产阶级人物 帝国的创建者和殖民的先行者 1 Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨迅漂流记 an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time is universally considered Daniel Defoe s masterpiece 2 Robinson here is a real hero a typical eighteenth century middle class man He is the very prototype pr ut taip 原型 of the empire builder the pioneer colonist k l nist 殖民 者 3 笛福的创作特点 Defoe was a very good story teller He had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating f sineiti 迷人的 His sentences are sometimes shot crisp 脆的 and plain and sometimes long and rambling 漫游的 which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration n rei n 叙述 His language is smooth easy colloquial k l ukwi l 口语的 and mostly vernacular v n kjul 方言 There is nothing artificial in his language it is common English at its best 1 3 4Jonathan d n n Swift 乔纳森 斯威夫特 代表作 格列佛游记 特点 微讽刺 1 In 1726 Swift wrote and published his greatest satiric work Gulliver s Travels l v r 格列佛游记 2 In the third voyage v d 航海 to the Flying Island of Gulliver s Travels Jonathan Swift satirizes s t ra z the western civilization including false illusions i lu n i lju 幻觉 about science philosophy history and even immortality 不朽 3 Bitter satire is a typical feature of Swift s writings 1 3 5 Henry Fielding 亨利 费尔丁 代表作 Tom Joes Fielding 英国小说之父 Fielding 第一个在散文中加入喜剧的片段 Fielding Prose Homer 英国新古典主义作家 Henry Fielding 在理论实践中 第一个创造了 散文体喜 剧史诗 1 Fielding has been regarded by some as Father of the English Novel for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel 2 Of all the 18th century novelists Fielding was the first to set out both in theory and practice to write specially a Comic epic in prose the first to give the modern novel its structure and style 3 Tom Jones the full title being The History of Tom Jones is generally considered Fielding s masterpiece 4 Tom Jones brings its author the name of the Prose Homer 5 费尔丁的语言特色 Fielding s language is easy unlaboured 不费力的 and familiar but extremely vivid and vigorous His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm and his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending His works are also noted for lively dramatic dialogues and other theatrical i trik l devices such as suspense coincidence and unexpectedness 1 3 6 Samuel s mju l Johnson 塞缪尔 约翰逊 代表作 英语字典 Johnson 18 世纪最后的新古典主义启蒙家 英国的新古典主义的作家 Samuel Johnson 是撰写字典的第一人 1 Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English dictionary by an Englishman A Dictionary of the English language 2 Johnson was the last great neoclassicist enlightener in the last 18th century 3 约翰逊的语言风格 Johnson s style is typically neoclassical but it is at the opposite extreme from Swift s simplicity sim plisiti or Addison s neatness His language is characteristically general often Latin ate and frequently polysyllabic p lisi l bik 多音节的 His sentences are long and well structured interwoven with parallel p r lel 并行的 words and phrases However no matter how complex his sentences are the thought is always clearly expressed and though he tends to use learned words they are always accurately kjurit used Reading his works gives the reader the impression that he is talking with a very learned man 1 3 7Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查 比 谢立丹 代表作 情敌 造谣学校 Sheridan 18 世纪唯一的戏剧家 Sherian 的情敌和造谣学校是 shakespeare 和 Bernard Shaw 的重要连接 Sherian 的主旨 道德 造谣学校的角色 Backbite sneerwell Lady Teazle 英国新古典主义的作家 Richard Brinsley Sheridan 的 造谣学校 被认为是继 Shakespeare 以后最好的喜剧作品 1 Sheridan was the only important English dramatist dr m tist of the 18 th century 2 Sheridan s plays especially The Rivals 竞争者 情敌 and The School for Scandal 造 谣学校 are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw 伯纳德小丛林 b n d and as ture classics kl sik in English comedy 3 In Sheridan s plays morality is the constant theme 4 Backbite Sneerwell and lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by Richard Brinsley Sheridan 1 3 8 Thomas Gray 托马斯 格雷 代表作 Elegy written in a country churchyard 墓园挽歌 英国的新古典主义作家 Thomas Gray 的墓园挽歌 Tell us that great family wealth and beauty will not prevent people from reaching their final destination grave 1 Thomas Gray s masterpiece Elegy elid i 挽歌 Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽 词 was published in 1751 2 The theme of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard In the poem of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard Gray reflects on death the sorrows of life and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy mel nk li 忧 郁 症 1 4The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期 浪漫主义时期 1798 Worsworth 抒情歌谣的发表 1832 Scott 的死 浪漫主义的重要文学形式 诗 浪漫主义时期主要作家 Austen Scott William Hazlitt 对 Shakespeare 伊丽莎白戏剧作出了批评 Austen 的主旨 爱情和结婚 浪漫主义时期是一个诗歌的时代 poetry 1 English Romanticism r m ntisiz m is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the parliament 2 The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is poetry 3 William Hazlitt is a great critic on Shakespeare Elizabethan drama and English poetry 4 The two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott 5 The major theme of Austen s novel is love and marriage toward which she holds on a practical idealism love should be judged by reason and disciplined by self control 1 4 1William Blake 威兼 布莱克 代表作 天堂与地狱的