高三英语必修三词汇语法大串讲.docx

第四讲 必修三词汇语法大串讲适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）90分钟知识点1.必修三第1-5单元重点单词短语、重点词组、重点词汇和词组的用法；2.情态动词教学目标知识：1.掌握重点词汇和词组并能够正确的选择和运用所学的重点词汇和词组。2.掌握情态动词的用法3.掌握名词性从句的用法。方法：解释与练习，情景教学能力：1.能正确识记所学词汇2.能够正确的运用重点词汇3.能够通过所学词汇推测出其同根词的词义和词性教学重点必修三重点词汇和词组的词义和用法教学难点1.正确的运用所学的重点词汇和词组2.能够准确的从近义词中选用恰当的词汇教学过程 一、复习预习1. 听写上节课重点单词和词组2. 订正上节课课后作业并讲解重点题目二、知识讲解【第一单元-第二单元】 （一）重点词汇总结 1重点词汇 1) belief n信任；信心；信仰2) gain vt.获得；得到 3) gather vt. &vi.搜集；集合；聚集 4） award n奖；奖品 vt.授予；判定 5) custom n习惯；风俗 6) obvious adj.明显的；显而易见的7) fry vt. & vi.油煎；油炸8) diet n日常饮食 vi.节食9) raw adj.生的；未加工的10) customer n顾客；消费者 11) discount n折扣 12) consult vt.咨询；请教；商量13) sigh vi.叹息；叹气n.叹息2词汇拓展 1) origin n起源；由来；起因original adj.原来的2) starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死；饿得要死starvation n饿死3) religion n宗教religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的 4) independence n独立；自主independent adj.独立的；自主的5) agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的agriculture n农业；农艺；农学6) admire vt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕admiration n羡慕 7) energetic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的energy n能量；精力 8) permission n许可；允许permit vt.允许n.许可证；执照 9) apologize vi.道歉；辩白apology n道歉 10) sadness n悲哀；悲伤sad adj.悲哀的；悲伤的 11) forgive vt.原谅；饶恕forgiveness n原谅forgiving adj.宽恕的；宽容的 12) balance vt.平衡；权衡 n天平；平衡balanced adj.均衡的 13) curiosity n好奇心curious adj.好奇的 14) lie vi.说谎；n.谎话；谎言liar n说谎者 15) weakness n缺点；虚弱；弱点weak adj.虚弱的weaken v使变弱 16) strength n力；力量；强项；长处strengthen v加强，强化 17) digest v消化，吸收 n消化，吸收；文摘，摘要digestion n消化力，领悟 18) limit n界限；限度 vt.限制；限定limited adj.有限的19） benefit n利益；好处 vt. & vi.有益于；有助于；受益 beneficial adj.有利的，有益的 20）combine vt. & vi.(使)联合；(使)结合combination n联合，结合（二）重点词组总结1) take place发生2) in memory of 纪念3) dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰4) play a trick on 诈骗；开玩笑5) look forward to 期望；期待；盼望6) day and night 日夜7) as if/though 似乎，好像8) have fun with 玩得开心9) turn up 出现；到场10) keep ones word 守信用；履行 诺言11) hold ones breath 屏息；屏气12) set off 出发；动身；使爆炸13) remind.of. 使想起14) be/get married to 和结婚15) apologize to sb. for. 因向某 人道歉16) in celebration of 为了庆祝17) have belief in 对有信仰18) be drowned in 沉溺于；埋头于19) be/go on a diet节食20) ought to 应当；应该21) lose weight 体重减轻；减肥22) get away with 被放过；(做坏事) 不受惩罚 23) tell a lie 说谎24) win.back 赢回；重新获得25) earn ones living 谋生26) in debt 欠债27) spy on 暗中监视；侦察28) cut down 削减；删节29) before long 不久以后30) put on weight 增加体重31) glare at 怒视32) benefit from 受益于33) throw away 扔掉；丢弃（三）重点语法点总结【情态动词】情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有的情态动词有过去式。常见的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, shall, should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。A: can / could = be able to 1 表示能力两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式He can speak French.was/were able to 可以表示成功做成某事的含义With our help, he was able to build the house. 2 表示请求或许可 Could 比 Can 更加客气Can I go now? Yes, you can.3 表示推测或可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句Can he be at school?Today is Sunday. He cant be at school.4 can 表示客观上的可能性*Anybody can make mistakes.B: may and might 1 表示请求和允许 类似用法can could(更加口语化)May I watch TV now? Yes, you may.2 表示可能性; 猜测might比may更加不确定may/might have done 对过去的揣测*He may be busy these days.May not 可能不；不可能；一定不可3 表示祝愿 Wish you success!May you succeed!*C: must and have to1 表示必须；一定要 可以用 have to 代替 must 现在；将来的必须 而且是主观看法*have to 有多种时态 而且强调客观情况I really must stop smoking now.I had to leave early because I wasnt feeling well.Must I come here?Yes, you must. No, you neednt. neednt / dont have to must not 一定不能做mustnt2 must 表示推测 意思非常肯定 “一定是”“一定会”It must be raining outside.Must have done 对过去/完成的推测* must have done, didnt / hasntMust be doing 推测现在正在进行He must have gone over the article, hasnt he?It must have rained last night, didnt it?D: need and dare 过去时 dared情态动词和实意动词的区别A 人称变化 B do / to do C 直接否定 / 间接否定Need /dare 肯定句中，实义动词She needs to do it. I dare to do it.使用在否定句,疑问句中，情态动词，实义动词。I dare not do it. I dont dare (to) do it.I need not do it. I dont need to do it.1 need 情态动词 无时态；人称的变化 多用于疑问句和否定句You neednt try to explain.Neednt = dont have to Neednt have done sth 过去本不必做某事2 need 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化 后接to do You need to tell us the truth.The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired.3 dare 情态动词 过去时 dared 无人称的变化 多用在疑问句和否定句Dare he tell them what he knows?4 dare 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化后接to do用于疑问句和否定句时 其后的to 有时可省略Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?E: will and would1 表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿 would 比will 更客气委婉Will you have some more wine?Would you mind my smoking here?2 will 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向 would 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向Fish will die out of water.When I was young, I would play badminton on Sundays.Would 与 used to 的区别*Would 只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态Used to 既可表示动作也可表示状态, 强调现在不如此He used to be a university student.3 will 表示意愿 决心I will never do that again.F: shall, should and ought to1 shall 在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求 用于第一，三人称What shall we do now?2 shall 肯定句中 表示说话人强烈的感情 允许，命令，禁止和威胁或表示按规定，规章和义务等用于第二，三人称If you dare to do that, you shall be punished.These rules shall be obeyed. Shall not 禁止，不许3 shall 决心，意愿 = willI shall come if I want to.4 should 表示劝告，建议 = ought to 应该You should wash your hands first.Should 主要表示主观看法Ought to 客观情况 法律、规定、义务的使用Should have done / ought to have done sth Eg:You should have done it today.5 should 推测 推论 可能性 = ought to *估计They should/ ought to be there by now.6 should说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然” 否定句疑问句You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.Why should he do such a thing?情态动词+完成式对过去或完成的猜测must / may /might / could / cant / couldnt/can?/could? have done 虚拟语气could have done 本来可以；有可能neednt have done 本没必要做某事should / ought to have done 本应该做某事shouldnt / oughtnt to have done本不应该做某事（四）、同步训练【基础】1We need warm _ (衣服) for the winter.2The boy had been _ (淹) to death before the adults came to save him.3She entered the lab without _ (许可)4Do you know when India gained its _ (独立) from Britain?5He got a lot of _(奖状) for his excellent study.6In some countries, people eat too much fat and sugar; they should eat a _ (均衡的) diet to keep healthy.7Taking exercise is of great _ (利益) to our health.8If I pay all my _ (债), Ill have no money left.9He is not _ (苗条的) enough to wear these tight trousers.10Who gave you _ (允许) to leave the office so early? 【巩固】1Its surprising that you should have been fooled by such a simple _.AtrialBtrickCtreat Dtrip2She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to _ her.Asee Bhave seenCseeing Dbe seeing3Once you have decided to buy an expensive article, you had better_an expert on it.Aask BadviseCconsult Dfind4A large sum of money has been raised for the _of the poorlyeducated children in the mountainous districts.Aprofit BfavorCadvantage Dbenefit5Youd better _ your expenses on clothes.Acut up Bcut downCcut off Dcut out6Why do you eat all the vegetables but leave _ meat untouched?Im on _ diet.Aa; the Bthe; / C/; a Dthe; a7To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses.Astrengths BbenefitsCtechniques Dvalues8(2010河北正定中学)Whats wrong with him?The picture he came across _his memory of a sad story in his childhood.Aput off Btook off Cset off Dgave off9The mayor _ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the earthquake victims.Arewarded BawardedCpraised Dprized10There was an oil painting _ in the corner. It _ there for several days.Alaying; had laid Blain; had laidClying; had lain Dlaid; had been lain【第三单元-第四单元】 （一）重点词汇总结1重点词汇 1) scene n(戏剧)一场；现场；场面； 2) wander vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊3) pavement n人行道4) spot vt.发现；认出n.斑点；污点；5) passage n船费(包括食宿)；通道； 6) account vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计 7) envelope n信封8) amount n数量9) manner n礼貌；举止；方式10) indeed adv.真正地；确实；实在11) system n系统；体系；制度12) atmosphere n大气层；气氛13) gravity n万有引力；重力14) satellite n卫星；人造卫星15) climate n气候16) spaceship n宇宙飞船17) pull n. & vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力18) float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 19) mass n.质量；大量；(复) 群众2词汇拓展1) adventure n奇遇；冒险adventurer n冒险家adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的2) permit vt. & vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照permission n许可； 准许3) seek vt. & vi.寻找；探索；寻求sought(过去式/过去分词)4) patience n耐性；忍耐patient adj. & n有耐心的；病人5) contrary n反面；对立面adj.相反的；相违的contrarily adv.相反地6) believe vt.相信；信任believable adj.可信任的unbelievable adj.难以置信的7) astronomy n天文学astronomer n天文学家8) theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的9) globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的10) violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地11) unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜欢12) presence n出席；到场；存在present adj. & n. & v在场的；目前，现在；出席； 颁发，授予13) harmful adj.有害的；伤害的harm n危害，害处harmless adj.无害的14) exist vi.存在，生存existence n存在，生存15) puzzle n谜；难题vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的 （二）重点词组总结 1) ever since从那以后2) go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可 以；往下说3) by accident/chance 偶然；无意中； 不小心 4) stare at 盯着看；凝视5) account for 导致；作出解释 6) on the contrary 与此相反；正相反 7) take a chance 冒险8) in rags 衣衫褴褛 9) as for/to 关于；至于 10) to be honest 说实话11) from the bottom of ones heart 从心底12) take ones order 点菜 13) in time 及时；终于 14) lay eggs 下蛋 提示：易混词形变化： 撒谎liedlied lielying 躺，平放，位于laylain lay 放置；产卵laidlaidlaying （规则是说谎 lie lied lied 不规则是躺 lie lay lain 躺过就下蛋 lay laid laid 下蛋不规则 注解:躺过就下蛋是指躺的过去 式是下蛋的原形.） 15) give birth to 产生；分娩 16) in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 17) prevent.from 阻止；制止 18) block out 挡住(光线) 19) cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 20) now that 既然 21) break out 突发；爆发 22) watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 23) cool down 冷却 24) as well as 也；还有 25) depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于 26) get close to 靠近 （三）同步训练【基础】1The first _(场景) of the play was almost over when they got to the theatre.2It is good _ (礼貌) to give your seat to an old man on the bus.3In order to keep his money safe, he opened an _ (账户) with the bank.4They had a lot of _ (冒险) in the journey.5With nothing to do, he just _ (漫步) about every day.6China has sent up another _ (人造卫星) into space.7There is a lot of rubbish _(漂浮) on the surface of the river.8_ (理论) is based on practice.9The_ (气候) is different from place to place.10. 6 _ (乘) by 5 is 30.【巩固】1Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.Aexploded BexposedCexplored Dexpanded2(2010陕西西安质检)We were scared to death when the fire _. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.Abroke out Bcame outCgave out Dturned out3At the _ news, there was a _ expression on his face.Apuzzled; puzzling Bpuzzling; puzzleCpuzzling; puzzled Dpuzzled; puzzle4Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come?Sorry, I have no idea.Alifting up Bgoing upCbringing up Dgrowing up5When the thief found the police had already _ him, he ran away quickly.Arealized BKnown Cspotted Dstared6Jimmy had a lot of parties recently.Yes, that might _ why he didnt do well in the test.Asum up Badd up toCaccount for Dmake sense of7Because of _ mail we receive, we may not be able to reply to your letter. Please remember to include your full name with your letter.Aa great many of Ba large number ofCthe large amount of Da great plenty of8The bill would _ workers twelve weeks of unpaid leave for family emergencies.Apermit Bsupply Cadmit Dprovide9With the words, he _ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.Apulled out Bchecked outCstuck out Ddropped out10Completely lost in the exciting _ of the football match, Tom didnt feel his pocket picked.Ascene BviewCatmosphere Dsight【第五单元】（一）重点词汇总结1重点词汇1) minister n大臣；部长2) chat vi. & n聊天；闲聊3) scenery n景色；风景4) measure vi. & vt.测量；衡量；判定 n计量制；计量单位；措施5) confirm vt.证实；证明；批准6) broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的7) nearby adv.在附近 adj.附近的；邻近的2词汇拓展1) eastward adv. & adj.向东；向东的；朝东的westward adv. & adj.(反义词)向西，向 西的；朝西的2) surround vt. & vi.包围；围绕surroundings n(复)周围的事物； 环境surrounding adj.周围的 3) aboard prep. & adv.在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上board vt. & n(在/上)船等4) within prep.在之内5) border n边界；国界；边沿 vt. & vi.与接壤；接近6) slight adj.轻微的；微小的slightly adv.稍微；轻微地7) mix vt. & vi.混合；调配mixture n混合(物)；混合状态8) wealthy adj. & n富有的；富人；有钱人wealth n财富9) distance n距离；远方distant adj.远的，远方的10) tradition n传统；风俗traditional adj.传统的11) terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓terrifying adj.令人畏惧的terrified adj.感到畏惧的 terror n恐惧terrible adj.恐怖的；恐惧的12) impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记impression n印象impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的；感人的（二）重点词组总结1) rather than 与其；不愿2) be surrounded by/with 被包围3) settle down 定居；专心于4) manage to do 设法做5) catch sight of 看见；瞥见6 ) have a gift for 对有天赋7) in the distance 在远处8) as far as 远到；直到；至于9) at dawn 在黎明，在拂晓10) thousands of 成千上万的（三）同步训练【基础】1.Thisproblemisonly_(稍稍)difficult butIcanworkitouteasily.2.Thetwogovernmentshavesettledtheirdifferencesovertheircommon_(边界)3.Themanhas_(宽阔的)shouldersandlookshandsome.4.Totellyouthetruth, Iwasdeeplyi_byhisexcellentspeech.5.Idliketobringupmychildinhealthy_(环境). 【巩固】1Are you worried about the result of the exam? Only_.A absolutely Bapproximately Cslightly D. Extremely2The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.Dont worry. We have already _two thirds of it.Agot down Bgot throughCgiven in Dgiven away3All passengers _are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off or lands.Aon the board Bon board Con boards Don a board4With so much noise of the traffic，I couldnt _and do my research work.Aput down Bsettle downCbreak down Dtake down5The new model of car is so expensive that it is only _the reach of those with high incomes.Abeyond Bat Cin DWithin 三、例题精析【例题1】【题干】Thank you very much for helping me out of trouble，Bob. _.AWith pleasure BDont mention itCThats right DI hope so【例题2】【题干】In most western countries on April Fools Day，people often play _trick on each other；children especially have great _fun.Aa；a Bthe；the C/；aDa；/【例题3】【题干】When I talked about the thing，I felt Jane watching me uncomfortably，looking _she wished to speak.Aas though Beven though Cso that Din case【例题4】【题干】Does coffee really work when you have to work late into night? Yes. As far as Im concerned，I feel very _after a coffee.Aenergetic Bnormal Cadequate Dsensitive【例题5】【题干】If he _quietly as the doctor instructed，he would not suffer so much now.Alies Blay Chad lain Dshould lie【例题6】【题干】The letter he had been looking forward to _at last this morning.Acome Bcomes Ccoming Dcame【例题7】【题干】_you like that latest type of car so much，why not buy it?Well，I cant afford so expensive a car.It is worth 200,000 yuan.AAs if BEven if CNow that DIn case【例题8】【题干】Could you give us some advice about this competition?If you want to win first prize，your design for the museum must be_.Acareful Bobvious Cclear Dnovel【例题9】【题干】Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire. _it would be almost impossible to prove him guilty.A Even BStill CThus DYet【例题10】【题干】We dont permit _in our school. Would you please put your cigarette out?Forgive me. I didnt know.Ato smoking Bto smoke Csmoking Dhaving smoked【例题11】【题干】【2013北京】35. - You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.- Well, I dont know. It do.A. might B. need C. would D. should【例题12】【题干】【2013湖南】32. He _ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. A. wouldntB. shouldntC. couldntD. mustnt【例题13】【题干】【2013辽宁】31. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _ too much at the party last night.A. could drink B. should drinkC. would have drunk D. must have drunk【例题14】【题干】【2013浙江】3. I _ myself moreit was a perfect day.A. shouldnt have enjoyed B. neednt have enjoyedC. wouldnt have enjoyed D. couldnt have enjoyed【例题15】【题干】【2013安徽】34. It be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt 四、课堂运用1Prices of the basic necessities of life have been going up sharply since word came that war would _between the two countries soon.Awatch out Bbreak out Cdie out Dgive out2Have you got any money _you？I want to buy that book.Im afraid not.Aby Babout Cfor Don3He has been acting strangely these days. I cant _his actions at all.Aaccount for Bask for Ccall for Dstand for4The trip must have been terrible，wasnt it? No._，I enjoyed every minute.AOn the other hand BAt one timeCAt the same time DOn the contrary5The two parties are holding the talk in a friendly _at present. Hopefully，they will reach an agreement.Aatmosphere BconditionCsituation DphenomenonA6 Do come here on Monday，_we，as planned，will take part in the gathering of AIDS prevention volunteers.Athen Band Ctherefore Dor7When you look for a job，its not your book knowledge but your experience _matters more.Awhether Bwhich Cwhat Dthat8Living in the dormitory means _to take care of yourself，understand each others differences and share _interests.Ato learn；common Blearning；ordinaryC. to learn；ordinary Dlearning；common9After the financial crisis，new measures taken by the government brought new development opportunities and helped the industry back to rapid growth path. Now，trade is _again.Asending up Bpicking up Csetting up Dmaking up10I _on my report next week，so I wont be able to meet you.Aam working Bwill be workingCwas working Dhave been working课后作业一：单项选择1. To his surprise, his new play well _ by the public in China, met a cold welcome abroad.A. received B. accepted C. accepting D. receiving2. Ill be home late, but please dont stay _ for me