超强英语六级考试翻译题整理汇总.doc

超强英语六级考试翻译题整理汇总 During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了 surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降) The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his sons having been admitted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了) The lecture was so boring that the students couldnt help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) Ill be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school(好心载我一程去学校) (除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president.六级必考 Mrs.Smith shut the window lest the noise outside (should) interfere with her sons sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉) The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺) When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth. The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it stopped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了) What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式) This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道) The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力) Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depends mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。 The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, enables more women to take full advantages of employment of opportunities.(使得更多的妇女能够充分利用就业机会) The likely reactions of the market needs considering carefully before action are token(在采取行动之前需要认真考虑) He made such a contribution to the university that they named one of the buildings after him(以他的名字为其中一栋楼命名) He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, being considering insufficiently popular with all members(因为考虑他无法得到全体成员的欢迎) Americans eat twice more protein than (两倍多的蛋白质)they actually need every day。 When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct, otherwise you cant make yourself understood.(否则人家就听不懂你的意思了) My little daughter Marry, began to adapt herself to campus life after entering college for three months.(进入大学三个月后开始慢慢适应校园生活) Many drivers think it necessary that the government should lay down more stricter traffic rules(政府制定更加严格的交通规则) Depending on what you are looking form you have to judge for yourself, how relevant the material to you(這些材料對你來說有多大相關性) The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.(等到完成的時候恐怕早就失去了所有價值) It was imperative that the secretary get these documents prepared before Tuesday.(秘書在周二之前把這些文件準備好) No matter how frequently performed,(無論多麽頻繁的演奏)the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. To minimize the possibility of theft,(爲了最大限度的減少盜竊的發生的可能性), install a good alarm system. I dont think it is wise of you to show off your greater knowledge in front of the director.(我認爲在把主任面前賣弄你懂得更多知識是不明智的)，for it may offend him. With repeated hackers attack on your system, we came to realized the necessity of hiring a computer security expert.(我們正逐漸意識到請一位計算機安全專家的必要性) Your work is good on the whole, but there is still room for improvement(但是仍然有需要改善的餘地) The sun gives off light and warmth, which makes it possible for plants to grow(這使得植物生長成爲可能) The father thought he could talked his daughter into changing her mind(他可以説服女兒改變主意) Nowadays advertising fees of new products are out of proportion to the cost of production.(與生産成本不成比例) Few people dont complain about the tedium of their jobs(很少人不抱怨工作点掉乏味), but they will feel more bored if they do not work. Henry has prepared a party for his girl friend, only to be told that she could not come by then(结果却被告知他到时候不能来) The chief reason for the population growth is more a fall in death rate than a rise in birth rates. Ture friendship foresees the needs of others rather than proclaims of ones own.(而不是声明自己的要求) although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it (但真正让我觉得买下它的)was the bearutiful view through the window。 The government was accused of failure to fulfill its to improve urban traffic conditions.(没能实现其改善城市交通状况的承诺) only in this way could we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.(我们才能在毕业之后尽快适应社会) No sooner had I lit the candle than it was put out(我刚点着蜡烛，就被风吹灭了) Surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot(没有选择只好当场投降) Im very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to write off my debt in return for certain services(作为一些服务的回报，我的老板慷慨的同意将我的欠款一笔勾销) Being out of work and having two children, the couple found it impossible to make ends meet(夫妻两发现勉强维持升级是不能的) Generally speaking, when taken according to the direction(按照说明服用时), the drug has no side effect。 Some people argue that most crime can be attributed to the greed for money.(可归咎于对金钱的贪婪) Finding it difficult to adapt to that climate there(发现很难适应那里的气候), he decided to move to the north. Over a third fo the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.(没有机会享受医疗保健服务)CET翻译共有5句话。分值占卷面总分5。我们的目标是全拿！文章中会给大家介绍一些翻译策略和应试技巧，相信对大家做题有所帮助。翻译策略我要高分 1) 分句法把原文中一个单词或短语译成句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。或干脆把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或两个以上的句子。例1 八月中旬，修理组人员在骄阳下工作。译文: It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.（一个单句拆分成了一个并列复合句）例2 他为人单纯而坦率。译文: He was very clean.His mind was open. (一个单句拆分成两个简单句了)例3 The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of her child.译文: 母亲谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感，这是可以理解的。（形容词被拆开）例4 I wrote four books in the first three years ,a record never touched before.译文: 我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。（名词短语拆开）2)合句法把原文中两个或以上的简单句，主从复合句或并列复合句等译成一个单句。例5 她已试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。译文:She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success.（多个简单句合成一个单句）例6 他们有遵守交通规则，机器出了故障。译文：His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.（并列复合句合成一个单句）例7 When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite.译文：我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。（主从复合句合成一个单句）翻译练习1._ （通过体育锻炼），we can always stay healthy.2.According to the scientific research , _ （听音乐能使我们放松）.Is this really true?3._ （我们绝对不能）ignore the value of knowledge.4.As is known to all, _ （假冒伪劣商品）harm the interests of consumers.5.Faced with failure,some people can stand up to it, _ （从失败中汲取教训）and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do.答案及解析1. By taking exercises解析：通过锻炼，我们可以保持健康。其实这题答案不止一个。“锻炼”可以用名词也可以用动词短语。“通过”可以用by表示方式，through表示途径。 By taking exercises /Through exercises。往往by用于“by + doing”，而through后接名词哦。2. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed解析：“听音乐”在句中作主语，“听”应当处理成动名词形式。“能使我们放松”很多同学会采用 can make us feel relaxed的结构。其实，enable就有“能够使某人”的含义，注意enable sb. to do 的表达。3. On no account can we解析：本题是强调语气，强调“决不能”，所以联想到on no account ,by no means,at no time,in no case等。不管用哪一个，都要注意它们是含有否定的意味的，因此在置于句首时应使用倒装语序。4. fake and inferior commodities解析：“假冒伪劣商品”包含两层含义：一是假货，二是次品，在翻译成英文的时候应该注意两层含义的正确译法。“假冒”不能用false而应选择fake，“次品”可以说inferior表示质量差，也可以用commodity of low quality。5. draw useful lessons from it解析：句意为：面对失败，有的人能够顽强抵抗，从中吸取教训，努力实现他们的目标。本句由三个并列的谓语成分构成，谓语动词分别是stand up to“汲取”和try。“汲取教训”正确表达为draw a lesson from。然而我们又能从全句判断，从失败中吸取教训是为了将来能够更好地实现目标，因此加上修饰语useful，使内容更明确。3) 正译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相同的表达方式译成英语。例1 我们强烈反对公司的新政策。译文: We strongly object the companys new policy.例2 人不可貌相。译文: We cannot judge a person by his appearance.4）反译法就汉译英而言，就是把句子按照与汉语相反的表达方式译成英语。例3 酒吧间只有五个顾客还没有走。译文:Only five consumers remained in the bar.例4 这台机器一点儿也不复杂。译文：This machine is far from being complicated.由上可见，正译法和反译法主要体现在汉语里是否使用不、非、无、没有、未、否等字眼，或是在英语里是否使用no, not等词或带有dis- ，im- ，in- ，un- ， -less等带否定含义的词缀。读者也可将例1，例2试着用反译法表达出来。结果就是：We strongly disapprove the companys new policy.和 Appearances are deceptive. 至于两种译法得出的两个译文究竟哪一个更好，就要看译文是否准确规范，简练精辟，是否符合该语言使用者的表达习惯了。Exercise Two1.Everyone has his inherent ability ,_ （只是很容易被习惯所掩盖）.2.The importance of traffic safety , _ （无论如何强调都不为过）.3.In my opinion , _ （打电动玩具既浪费时间也有害健康）.4.There is no doubt that _ （近视是一个很严重的问题）among the youth of our country.5.According to my personal experience , _ （微笑已带给我许多好处）.答案：1. which is easily concealed by habits解析：每个人都有与生俱来的能力，只是很容易被习惯所掩盖。本题的难点在于对动词掩盖的选择。这里的掩盖是抽象含义，并不是像cover那样能找到真实的掩盖物，所以应该选择conceal，常用搭配由：conceal.from。另外，这句话是一个非限制性定语从句。句子需填补内容是对 ability的补充说明，能力是中心词。因此，要用which引导这个非限制性定语从句。2. cant be overemphasized / cant be emphasized too much解析：本句考查的是再.也不为过的的说法。英语句型是：cannot + do sth. + too much 或 cannot over-do，如：He is so excellent that we cannot praise him too much.（他是这样的优秀，我们怎样称赞他都不过分。）cannot是否定，与too much 和 over-V. 结构连用时强调肯定，表示怎么.也不为过。3. playing video games not only takes much time but also does harm to health 解析：句子需填补部分的主语是打电动玩具，虽然打是动词，但根据全句结构我们需要将play处理成动名词形式充当主语。此外，考察不仅.还的句型。浪费时间除了答案表达之外也可以用waste time 。4. near-sightedness is a serious problem解析：There is no doubt that后接从句，从句里应有完整的主谓宾结构。如：There is no doubt that the thief jumped into the room from the balcony in the second floor.（毫无疑问，小偷是从二楼的阳台跳进来的。） 近视还可以说成myopia 或 short sight 。5. smile has done me a lot of good解析：本题考察带给某人很多好处的表达。我们知道对某人有好处可以说成do good to sb. 或do sb. good，依此类推，给我带来很多好处就是：do a lot of good to me或do me a lot of good 。5) 顺序法顺序法翻译不改变原文表达语序，不会影响对原文内容的理解。 例1 即使在我们关掉床头灯甜甜地进入梦乡时，电仍然为我们工作：开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。译文: Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep , electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.在句子中，句子前半部分是一个让步状语从句，后半句的开动，加热，使.运转都是电在为我们工作的具体内容。因而在译文中，译者将这三个并行动作处理成了V-ing 形式，补充说明working的内容。译文按照原句的语序完全传达了原文的意思，采用顺序法翻译，达到了精确，通顺的目的。例2 It was a Saturday evening, when Tom was lying on the bench of the school listening to a blackbird and composing a lyric, that he saw the girls running among the trees, with the red-cheeked Joe in swift pursuit.译文: 那是周六的傍晚，汤姆正躺在学校的长凳上，一面听画眉鸟唱歌，一面写一首抒情诗，忽然看见女孩子们在树林里奔跑，后面紧跟着那红脸的乔。原句里一连串出现了一系列的动词如：lying, listening, composing, saw，这是按汤姆进行这些动作的先后顺序来描述的，如果在译文中打乱这些顺序，就反而会显得凌乱，没有逻辑。6）逆序法逆序法根据目标语使用者表达习惯与目标语读者的认知能力，按原文语序反向翻译，以便更好地传达原文的内容。例3 他经常做礼拜的时候，总坐在固定的座位上，可是那天他们发现他不坐在老地方。请读者比较下面两句译文，你认为哪一句较好？译文1:When he attended worship, he always took a certain seat, but they found that he took a different one that day.译文2:They remarked how he took a different seat from that which he usually occupied when he chose to attend worship.两种译文都忠实传达了原文内容。第一种为顺序翻译，第二种为逆序翻译。第一种显得有些冗长拖沓，且前后简单句主语不一致（前半句主语为he，后半句主语是they），给人表述混乱之感。第二种由于采用了逆序法将原句意思用一个复合句表达出来，内容清晰，结构紧凑。顺序法和逆序法主要是针对翻译长句而言，六级新题型汉译英题不会涉及此类译法，但作为翻译策略之一，应有所了解。Exercise Three1.We wish to convey to you _ （我们衷心的祝贺）.2. _（无论从哪一方面考虑），they ought to be given another chance.3. _（随着时间的流逝）,.they forgot their bitter sufferings.4.We must _（使自己适应）the demands of our times; otherwise well fall behind the other industrialized nations of the world.5.The number of the students in the city has _ （增加了五倍） in comparison with 2001.翻译语序 1) 定语位置的调整汉语的定语，无论是单用还是几个连用，通常都放在所修饰的名词之前。而在英语里，单词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的中心词之前，词组，短语和从句作定语时，则放在所修饰的名词之后。汉语的定语译成英语时，有的可能是单词，有的可能是短语，有的可能是从句。对这些成分的安排，要依据英语的语言习惯来处理。反之亦然。例1 实现我国社会主义现代化是一项我们必须努力完成的任务。 译文: The socialist modernization of our country is a task that we must do our utmost to fulfill.汉语中作现代化定语的社会主义在英语中只需要一个单词socialist 就可以表明，按照英语的习惯，放在所修饰的中心词modernization之前。但是原文中我国翻成英语就不是简简单单的一个词了，而是一个介词短语of our country，置于中心词现代化之后，成为后置定语。英译时，任务的定语努力完成的是一个从句that we must do our utmost to fulfil，按照英语习惯，应放在所修饰的中心词task之后。例2 She was very happy to meet the artist who painted the picture.译文: 她很高兴能够遇到那幅画的艺术家。全句的宾语是艺术家，英语里修饰the artist的成分在the artist之后，这是英语表达习惯所规定的。但是转换成汉语时，就必须把定语修饰成分提前到中心词艺术家之前。2）状语位置的调整汉语中状语习惯于放在主语之后，谓语之前。但有时为了强调也可以放在主语之前。英语中状语的位置要灵活得多。就单词状语而言，它可以位于句首，句中，句末。较长的状语常被置于句首或句末，句中的情况极少。因此，在汉英，英汉互译时，状语位置的变换调整极为复杂。例3上星期五我们在那家新餐馆尽情地吃了一顿。译文：We ate to our hearts content at the new restaurant last Friday.原文中，上星期五放在句首，并且在那家新餐馆之前，而译文中却将时间状语和地点状语的位置颠倒了过来。这样一来，既准确地表达了原文意思，又符合了英文语序习惯。所以我们可以得出结论：英语里如果句子既有地点状语又有时间状语，一般地点状语在前，时间状语在后。汉语里则往往把它们置于句首或谓语前，而且通常时间状语在地点状语之前。Exercise Five1._ （他们没有去游泳），they went to play football that day.2.There is no doubt that _ （需求的增长导致了价格的上涨）.3.He cannot win a good reputation，_ （因为他多嘴多舌）.4.We have reasons to believe that, _ （一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们）.5.There are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society，_ （但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人）can make use of them to achieve purpose.答案：1. Instead of going swimming 解析：原文中没有并不一定要对应成didnt，这里我们可以使用instead of，使译文简洁明了，合乎英语习惯。采用正译法，用英语不带否定词的表达来代替中文的没有去。从本题及Exercise Two中的第二题我们可以得出结论：汉译英时，可以灵活变换句型，充分利用英语的否定或半否定语气的词语或结构，以便使译句符合英语习惯。从另一角度看，后半句英语没有出现表示转折含义的连接词（如but），因此They didnt go swimming也是不成立的，不符合句法规范。2. the increase in demand resulted in /caused the rise in prices解析：考生要注意分清result from 和result in的区别。result from指be caused by（由.产生），是指原因；result in指cause，lead to（导致.），是指结果。本题还有一个考点就是：做翻译时，应尽量照顾并行结构的前后一致，如：the increase in demand and the rise in prices。3. because he has a loose tongue解析：多嘴多舌显然有gossip的意思。因此我们在翻译时应先挖掘其深层含义，再用适当的英文表达出来。答案because he has a loose tongue看起来与原文并不对应，但却形象地讲内涵表达了出来。其他类似的翻译还有：a bitter tongue（刻薄嘴）；a long tongue（快嘴）；a rough tongue（粗鲁话）；a sharp tongue（言语尖刻）；a silver tongue（流利的口才）；a smooth tongue（油嘴滑舌）。4. we would have a better and brighter future解析：本题意为：我们有理由相信，一个更加光明美好的未来等着我们。句子需填入部分特别容易被译成：a better and brighter future waits for us。这是因为受到了中文母语的干扰，思维被中文的语序牵着跑。如果这样译的话就会导致前后半句的主语发生转换，前面是we，后面是the future。这种转换在英文里就会显得非常突兀，不符合英文表达习惯。因此我们可以在汉译英稍作变通，将前后主语统一为we。本题还有一点考生要留意的是，是否能分清wait和await的使用区别。两者都表示等待，wait是不及物动词，必须后接介词for；await是及物动词，可以后接人。5. but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly解析：本句考生特别容易译成：the prepared and the qualified。定冠词the加上形容词可以表示某一类人。the prepared and the qualified就指代作了准备的人和有资格的人，但遗漏了原文中的充分和高度。由于原句的修饰部分内容很多，因此不适宜用the 形容词的结构来指代某一类人。对于这种情况我们可以采用某一类人后置定语的方法。这样答案就是but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly。全句的意思是：在我们的社会里，人人都有许多机遇，但是只有那些作好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。CET翻译共有5句话。分值占卷面总分5。我们的目标是全拿！文章中会给大家介绍一些翻译策略和应试技巧，相信对大家做题有所帮助。7) 增词法译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实于原文，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。要知道，从一种语言文字向另一种语言文字转换，有时可以找到一种语言文字在另一种语言文字中的对等词，然而要想全部依赖对等词的转换来达到翻译的目的是几乎不可能的。不同语言文字所持有的习惯决定了必须根据其中一种语言文字的习惯来适当地增词(或减词)达到多语言交际的目的。如果机械地按照字面意义直译，不仅不能表达原文的思想，精神与形象，而且还会使译文前后矛盾，闹出笑话。试想，如把七擒孟获机械译成to catch /capture meng huo for 7 times，不同文化背景的外国读者就很难真正理解这个典故的内涵。例1 听到你平安的消息，非常高兴!译文: i was very glad on hearing that you were in safety!(增补主语)例2 勤能补拙译文: it is diligence that makes up for the deficiency. (增补强调句里的it)例3 对不起，打扰一下!译文: excuse me for interrupting you!(增补作宾语的代词you)除了在翻译时要注意及时增补语法功能词之外，有时还需要增补与汉语文化内涵相关的信息。如：三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮应当译文：three cobblers with their wits combined equal zhu geliang, the master mind. 译文里the master mind就是个增补注释性表达。否则外国人不可能知道zhu geliang是谁。8)减词法减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。如他们开始研究近况，分析近况中的两个近况可以省略一个，只译成they began to study and analyze the recent situation. 因为原汉语句中的两个近况是为了强调，但英文里如果也译成两个the recent situation，不仅显得罗嗦也不符合英文表达习惯。例1 这种制度，条件成熟的可以实行，条件不成熟的不要实行。译文：this system can be adopted where conditions are ripe and not otherwise.(省略原文中重复出现的词语)例2 我们要解决失业问题。译文：we should reduce unemployment.(省略范畴词问题)例3 she laughed and then shrugged her shoulders.译文：她大笑起来，然后耸了耸肩。(省略物主代词her)另外，有些汉语里的词语如果译成英文反而会影响英语修饰效果，必须在译成英文时省去。如：活到老，学到老应该怎么翻译呢?译文1：If we could live an old age, we should keep learning at the old age.译文2：Wed better keep on learning even though we are old.译文3：Live and learn.上面三种译法，大家认为哪一种可取呢？前两种是逐字翻译，将老字译出来，虽然说理解上不受影响，但总觉得说话拖泥带水，松散无力。活到老，学到老是表示一种坚持不懈的精神，即：人无时无刻要学习。译文3没有把老译出来，看似不忠于原文，但却充分传达了原文鼓励大家不懈努力，坚持学习的精神，而且语言生动简练，表达有力度，也符合英语习惯。所以说，这句用减词法恰到好处。Exercise Five1.In this way, I believe that all the people may be able to _ （像我一样享受乘坐公车的乐趣）.2.By practicing these, I have been able to _ （在智育方面我一直能不断进步）.3.According to a recent survey, four million people _ （死于与吸烟有关的疾病）each year.4._（没有一项发明获得如此多的表扬和批评）than Internet.5.An increasing number of people are beginning to realize _ （教育不能随着毕业而结束）.解析：1. enjoy the bus ride like me 解析：享受.的乐趣直接用enjoy翻译即可。乘坐公交车在这里相当于一个名词短语，因此应翻译成bus ride而不是take the bus。如果将句子翻译成enjoy taking the bus，意思就与enjoy the bus ride稍有区别。前者强调动态，表示某个动作的进行，后者强调静态，表示某一经常性习惯性做法。2. make constant progress in intellectual education解析：不断进步是指不断取得进步，取得进步用短语make progress。不断应选择constant。在智育方面作状语置于句末。3. die of diseases linked to smoking解析：本句意为由最近调查显示，每年有400万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。死于.既可以用短语die of也可以用die from，但考生应注意两者用法上的区别。与.相关可以选用related to，associated with，linked to。4. No invention has received more praise and abuse解析：本题考点是关于没有.比.更.的表达，前后比较的是物-其他发明与因特网。它的基本结构是：no sth. .more than.。也可以用于人的比较，如：Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than Miss Chang, my English teacher.5. that education is not complete with graduation解析：随着.而结束/终结要用be complete/ end with sth.，采用的是词性转换法。将句中的动词结束转换成英语里的形容词complete。当然，如果大家译成动词end也是可以的，即：that education cannot end with graduation。另外，本句需填入的是一个从句，因此不能遗漏that。翻译策略9) 词性转换词性转换不仅是重要的译词手段，也是常用的句法转换变通手段，是一种常用的翻译技巧。说白了，就是在必要的时候，将原文中的某个词的词性在译文里用其他词性表达出来。这种转换会使译文更加灵活变通，不必拘泥于原文形式，却能更准确传达出原文内涵。本部分内容主要从汉译英入手。从四个方面加以说明。1）汉语动词的转换汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语。这是因为按照英语句法，受主谓关系的限制，一个简单句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且，英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。例1 这本书反映了30年代的中国社会。译文:The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s.（将汉语动词转换为英语名词）例2 他们不满足于现有的成就。译文:They were not content with their present achievements.（将汉语动词转换为英语形容词）例3 我想男孩与女孩的思维方式不同。译文:I suppose boys think differently from girls.（将汉语动词转换为英语副词）例4 你赞成还是反对这项计划？译文:Are you for or against the plan？（将汉语动词转化为英语介词）2）汉语名词的转换英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，以及由名词转用的副词，形容词等。在汉译英时，汉语中的名词常常可以产生一些转换，从而更简洁有力地表达原文。例5 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。译文:They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.（汉语名词转换为英语副词）例6 钢的含炭量越高，强度和硬度就越大。译文:The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.（汉语名词转换为英语形容词表示特征和性质）例7 这就是你不对的地方。译文:This is where you are wrong.（汉语名词转换为英语副词）例8 我的体重比过去轻了。译文:I weigh less than I used to.（汉语名词转换为英语动词）3) 汉语形容词的转换在汉译英时，汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词。这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义，而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。例9 我们感到，解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。译文:We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.（汉语形容词转换为英语名词）例10有时候我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。译文:Sometimes we have to pay dearly for mistakes.（汉语形容词转换为英语副词）4）汉语副词的转换有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要，往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达，这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧。例11 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。译文:Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.（汉语副词转换为英语名词）例12 他以前经常来。译文:He was a regular visitor.（汉语副词转换为英语形容词）例13 我成功地说服了他。译文:I succeeded in persuading him.（汉语副词转换为英语动词）总之，在英汉互译中，我们可以利用词类的变化，使句型结构发生变化，为语言的转换提供更大的可行性和灵活性