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如鱼得水 feel just like fish in water临阵磨枪 sharpen ones spear only before going into battle狐假虎威 the fox borrows the tigers terror猫哭老鼠 the cat weeps over the mouse对牛弹琴 play the harp to a bull 雨后春笋 like bamboo shoots after a spring shower一寸光阴一寸金 an inch of time is an inch of gold谋事在人、成事在天 man proposes, god dispose胸有成竹 have a well-thought-out plan before doing something手忙脚乱 in a frantic rush 立竿见影 get instant results噤若寒蝉 keep quiet 明火执仗 do evil things openly 牵肠挂肚 be full of anxiety and worry快马加鞭 speed up 藕断丝连 have not cut off relations completely五光十色 multicolored归心似箭 be very anxious to return home鸡毛蒜皮 trifling开门见山 come straight to the point狗急跳墙 do something desperate黔驴技穷 at ones wits end单枪匹马 all by oneself生龙活虎 bursting with energy顺手牵羊 walk off with something守株待兔 trust to chance and stroke of luck肉中刺 a thorn in the flesh混水摸鱼 fish in troubled water趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot眼见为实 Seeing is believing隔墙有耳 Walls have ears自投罗网 throw oneself into the trap嗤之以鼻 turn up ones nose at一触即发 touch and go 空中楼阁 castles in the air充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to熟能生巧 Practice makes perfect事实胜于雄辩 Facts speak louder than words笑掉大牙 laugh off ones head乱七八糟 at sixes and sevens东张西望 look right and left抛砖引玉 to throw a sprat to catch a herring缘木求鱼 seek a hare in hens nest挥金如土 to spend money like water胆小如鼠 as timid as a hare瓮中之鳖 like a rat in a hole无风不起浪 There is no smoke without fire挂羊头卖狗肉 cry up wine and sell vinegar有志者事竟成Where there is a will there is a way新官上任三把火 new brooms sweep clean偷鸡不着蚀把米 go for wool and come back shorn己所不欲，勿施于人 Do as you would be done by以眼还眼 an eye for an eye君子协定 a gentlemans agreement武装到牙齿 armed to the teeth东施效颦 Dongshi imitating xishi班门弄斧 show off your proficiency with an axe before the master carpenter望梅止渴，画饼充饥 fantasy and illusion獐头鼠目 young and old 衣冠楚楚 handsome and homely 褴褛破烂 smart and shabby洗心革面，脱胎换骨 turn over a new leaf货色齐全 品种多样 任君挑选 have a good assortment of goods to choose them爱屋及乌 love me，love my dog避坑落井 dodge a pit only to fall into a well新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean江山易改，本性难移 a leopard cannot change its spots沉鱼落雁，闭月羞花 the girls beauty would put the flowers to shame覆水难收 spilt water cannot be gathered孤掌难鸣 you cant clap with one hand忠言逆耳 truth hurts逐鹿为马 talk black into white涸泽而渔 ruin the source of supply换汤不换药 old wine in new bottles练习四 P601. 他便变了脸，铁一般的青。His complexion changed, and he grew ghastly pale.2. 我们不得不零零星星地偿付。We have to pay in dribs and drabs.3. 那条小径曲曲折折通向山顶。The path zigzags up the hill.4. 湖色越远越深，由近到远，是银白、淡蓝、深青、墨绿，非常分明。Father still, the lake water seems darker, changing from silver white near at hand, through light blue, deep blue, finally to dark green, all being very distinct.5. 三十几个人，三三五五，各自在爱去的地方溜达。Thirty-odd of us, in group of threes and fives, strolled wherever we liked.6. 江水由船边的黄到中心的铁青到岸边的银灰色。有几只小轮在喷吐着煤烟：在烟囱的端际，它是黑色；在船影里，淡青、米色、苍白；在斜映着的阳光里，棕黄。The river water near the ship changes its color from yellow to iron blue in the middle of the river and to silver grey near the bank. Some small ships are puffing out coal smoke. At the end of the chimney it is black. In the shadow of the ship, the river is light blue, rice yellow and pale white. In the slanting sun rays, it is brown yellow.7. 我们如能于百忙之中，挤出一点时间，约二三知友小酌，琅琅笑语，畅话平生，其乐并不亚于徜徉于青山绿水之间。If we can squeeze a little time in our busy life to invite two or three of our friends to dine with laughter and relive our life experience, this kind of pleasure is no less interesting than lingering among the blue mountains and green waters.8. 我眼睁睁地看过，在无情的冰雹下，那刚刚灌浆、远远没有长成的谷穗，在细弱的稻杆上摇摇摆摆地挣扎，却无力挣脱生养它、却又牢牢地锁住它的大地。With wide-open eyes I had watched how the rice ears, in the milk and yet still far from being ripe, were swaying back and forth on their thin stalks under the ruthless hailstones. They were incapable of freeing themselves from the ground, which had supplied them with food but firmly locked them too.9. 月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里，叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。Moonlight cascaded like water over the locus leaves and flowers, and a light blue mist floating up from the pool made them seem washed in milk or caught in a gauzy dream.10. 每个村庄，百步之内，必有一茶居。这些茶居，不像广州的大茶楼，可容数百人；每一小“居”，约莫只容七八张四方桌，二十来个茶客。倘若人来多了，茶居的主人也不心慌，临河水榭处，湾泊着三两画舫，每舫四椅一茶几，舫中品茶，也颇有味。In every village within one hundred steps, there is surely a tea stall. Unlike the big tea houses in Guangzhou, which can hold several hundred persons, these tea stalls can only arrange seven or eight square tables with about score of persons in total. If more consumers come, the owner is not flustered because by the water pavilion near the river are also anchored two or three gaily-painted pleasure-boats, each equipped with a tea table and four chairs. Tasting the tea in such a boat is rather flavorous.练习五 P731. 宜昌是巴楚文化的发源地，诞生了屈原、王昭君等千古风流人物。Yichang City is the birthplace of Chinese Bachu Culture as well as many great personalities through the ages, such as the great poet Qu Yuan and the famous beauty Wang Zhaojun.2. 中国的庙宇的墙上经常绘有八卦、阴阳和太极的图案。The Eight Trigrams, the Yin-Yang symbol and the Taiji emblem are often depicted on the walls of Chinese temples.3. 王献之的书法笔走龙蛇、一气呵成。Wang Xianzhi, a famous 4th century Chinese calligrapher, wrote a whole piece of characters with the twist and turn of a single continues movement of the brush like that of dragons and snakes.4. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。This young couple is not well matched, one is a Xi Shi a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhang Fei a well known ill tempered brute.5. 这对炎黄子孙还可以去拜谒离西安不远的黄帝陵。If you are of Chinese descent, you may pay tribute to the tomb of Huangdi（Yellow Emperor）,the first Chinese emperor.6. “这断子绝孙的阿Q！”远远地听到小尼姑带哭的声音。“Ah Q, may you die sonless!”sounded the little nuns voice tearfully in the distance.练习七 P841. 敌军闹得鸡犬不宁。The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder.2.她经常在邻里之间搬弄是非。She often tells tales among the neighbors.3.这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.4.否则，袖手旁观、守株待兔，就变成了长期不抗不战了。Otherwise, standing by with folded arms and waiting for gains without pains will prove to be nothing but long-term nonresistance.5.校园依山傍水，绿树成荫，花香四溢，堪称求学圣地。The good scenery on the campus makes it an ideal place for teaching, learning and academic pursuits.6.每年农历六月未黄龙寺庙会，方圆几百里的各族人民前来赶会。届时，帐篷连营，人马喧腾，歌舞相杂，十分热闹。Every year in the 6th lunar month, the local people from great distance around travel to Huang Long Monastery on horseback for the temple fair. They set up tents and celebrate with songs and dances far into the night.7.光耀千古的崇圣寺三塔，享誉中外的大理石，古朴典雅、风格独特的白族民居，还有那风、花、雪、月四大奇景，无不使人流连忘返。Among the most exciting attractions of Dali are the three ancient pagodas of the Chongsheng Temple, world famous Dali marble, Bai houses noted for their simplicity, elegance and distinctive design, and the four scenic features.练习八 P921.他（祥子）确乎有点像棵树，坚壮，沉默，而又有生气。He/Xiangzi was indeed rather like a tree, sturdy, silent yet full of life.2.自然科学的皇后是数学。数学的皇冠是数论（number theory）。哥德巴赫猜想(Goldbachs conjecture)则是皇冠上的明珠。The empress of natural science is mathematics. The crown of mathematics is number theory. And Goldbachs conjecture is the most precious jewel on the crown.3.母亲一把大剪刀，仿佛裁掉了我童年的忧伤，给我剪出一个原来如此瑰丽的世界。Mother had a big pair of scissors, with which she seemed to cut off the sorrows of my childhood and cut out for me such a surpassingly beautiful world.4.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直痛哈佛大学保持着学术交流。Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students. The Chinese educational, scientific and cultural communities have all along maintained academic exchanges with this university.5.农民缺乏训练，许多农产生产率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫穷的困境。Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farmers place the majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own countries.6.只有冷静才能成功。Success depends on calm minds.7.第一次见面，司徒乔给我的印象极好。The first meeting with Situ Qiao made a wonderful impression on me.练习九 P1001.脍炙人口的传统京剧白蛇传讲的是源自明朝的故事。The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Beijing operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty.2.意大利著名旅行家马克波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己是在天堂。”The famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hang-zhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world, where one feels as if he was in paradise”.3.这架飞机有多大的重量啊！它载着解放区人民的心，载着全中国人民的希望，载着我们国家的命运。What a heavy load this aeroplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas, the hopes of the entire Chinese people, and the destiny of our country.4. 英雄造时势，时势造英雄。Heroes create the times, the times produce their heroes.5. 一踏进门槛，屋子里的混乱景象使我吃了一惊。Crossing the threshold, I was taken aback by the mess in the house.6. 土地和谷物是人们赖以生存的根本。祭社稷便是表示人们对土地和谷物的敬重。The earth and the cereals sustain the life of human beings and hence ceremonies were held to pay respect for them.7. 嵩山有号称“天下第一名刹”的少林寺。Mount Songshan boasts of Shaolin Temple reputed as “Number One Temple under Heaven”.8. 他的报告里所提到的东西经不起推敲。What he said in his report couldnt stand close scrutiny.练习十一 1141. 动物没有水不能生存，植物没有水也不能生长。Animals cannot live without water; neither can plants grow.2. 如果汽车发动机在路上出了故障，我们就不得不在汽车上过夜了。Should the engine go out of order on the way, we would have to stay in the car overnight.3. 我们还没有来得及把话讲完，接线员就把我们挂断了。The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation.4. 这些昆虫太小，不用放大镜就看不见。These insects are so small that they can not be seen without a magnifying glass.5. 专家们认为，这种流行病不是有空气污染，就是由食物污染所引起。The experts believed that the epidemic disease was caused by either air pollution or food contamination.6. 一滴水只有放进大海里才能永远不干，一个人只有当他把自己和集体事业融合在一起的时候才能有力量。Only the great ocean can keep a drop of water from eventually drying up; only when he merges his personal cause with that of the collective will a man have strength.7. 中国人口的80%在农村。如果不解决这80%的人的生活问题，社会就不会是安定的。Eighty percent of Chinas population live in the rural areas. There will be no social stability unless their daily needs are met.练习十五 1671. 据信息产业部消息，我国将从明年起启动手机实名制。Chinas mobile phone users will have to register using their real names staring next year, according to the Ministry of Information Industry.2. 国家税务总局本周一公布，从明年起，年收入超过12万元的高收入者须向税务部门自行申报纳税。Employees earning more than 120,000 yuan (US $15,000) annually need to report their income directly to the tax authorities from next year, announced by the State Administration of Taxation Monday.3. 在经过15天的太空飞行后，我国“实践八号”育种卫星于北京时间9月24日10时43分在四川省境内成功着陆。Chinas seed-breeding satellite, Shijian-8, successfully landed in Sichuan Province at 10:43 a.m. Beijing time yesterday after a 15-day flight in space.4. 据9月27日消息，世界经济论坛公布最新全球竞争力排名，中国的经济竞争力下滑6个榜位，目前名列第54位。China has slipped six places to 54th in the World Economic Forums (WEF) global competitiveness rankings, a report said yesterday.5. 中国藏学家代表团16日在中国驻美使馆举行西藏今昔大型主题展，展示中国西藏自治区摆脱农奴时代、走进社会主义现代化新时代的历史进程，受到参观者的热烈欢迎。Chinese Tibetologist delegation held an exhibition focusing on Tibets past and present in Chinese Embassy in America on July 16 to display the historical process for China Tibet Autonomous Region to shake off serfdom age and step into the socialism modernization new era.练习三 P503.太阳刚刚下了地平线。软风一阵一阵地吹上人面，怪痒痒的。The sun had just sunk below the horizon and a gentle breeze caressed ones face.4.若是站在后山上看下去，晴天里一片头巾、花帕、草帽，雨天里一片斗篷、纸伞、布伞。If you look down from the back of the hill on fine days, you saw turbans, kerchiefs, straw hats; on wet days, coir capes and umbrellas of cloth or oiled paper.5.横眉冷对千夫指，俯首甘为孺子牛。Fierce-browed, I coolly defy a thousand pointing fingers.Head-bowed, like a willing ox I serve the youngsters.6.长江后浪推前浪，世上新人换旧人。Time makes it inevitable that in every profession, young men replace the old.7.凡人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。A man cannot be known by his looks, nor can the sea be measured with a bushel basket.8.却当大雪之后，石是青的，雪是白的，树上枝条是黄的，又有许多松柏是绿的，一从一从，如画上的点。After a recent heavy snow the rocks were black against the white snow; the twigs on the trees were brown; and the many pines and cypresses were green in tufts like the moss that painters represent by dots.9.可我知道，不管他们变成什么，他们仍然在相爱着。那是什么都不能使他们分开的。哪怕千百年过去，只要有一朵白云追逐着另一朵白云；一棵青草傍依这另一棵青草；一层浪花拍打这另一层浪花，一阵风紧跟着另一阵轻风相信我，那一定就是他们。But I know that, no matter what form they may take, they still love each other Nothing could part them. Centuries to come, if one white cloud trails another, two grasses grow side by side, one wave splashes another, a breeze follows another believe me, that will be them10.我虽爱买书，而对于书却不甚爱惜。读书的时候，常在书上把我所认为要紧的处所标出。线装书大概用笔加圈，洋装书竟用红铅笔划粗粗的线。经我看过的书，统体干净的很少。Much as I love books, I take little care of them. In doing my reading, I often mark out what I regard as important in a book.If it is a thread-bound Chinese book,I use a writing brush to draw small circles as markings. Otherwise, I use a red pencil to draw heavy underlines.Consequently, the books I have read are rarely clean.练习十二 P124 1.我怀想着故乡的雷声和雨声。那隆隆的有力的搏击，从山谷反响到山谷，仿佛春之芽就从冻土里震动，惊醒，而怒茁出来。细草样柔的雨丝又以温存之手抚摸它，使它簇生油绿的枝叶而开出红色的花。I remember fondly the sounds of my birthplacethe sounds of thunder and of rain. Those mighty crashes rumbled and reverberated from mountain valley to mountain valley, as if the new shoots of spring were shaking in the frozen ground, awakening, and bursting forth with a terrifying vigour. Threads of rain, soft as fine grass, would then caress them with a tender hand, so that clumps of glossy green leaves would sprout forth and red flowers burst open.2.那边是南国风光，山是青的，水是绿的，小溪流更是清可见底！院里四季都有花开。水果是从枇杷、荔枝、龙眼，一直吃到福桔！对一个孩子来说，还有什么比这个更惬意的呢？Over there we have the typical southern scenery with blue mountains, green waters, limpid brooks.! There in the courtyard we can always see some kind of flowers in full bloom throughout the year. Fruits ranging from loquats, lichees, longans to tangerines are in plenty. Is there anything more palatable to a little child than these fruits?3.谁能否认海的伟大？我爱海，并不仅仅因为她的颜色美丽，和藏在海底那许多有趣的玩意儿，而是爱她的胸襟广阔，化污秽为清洁。There is no denying the mightiness of the sea. I love her not only because she has the beautiful hues and many intriguing objects hidden deep underneath her, but also because she is broad and liberal enough to turn the foul into the pure.4.子曰：“见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。”The Master said, ”In the presence of a good man, think all the time how you may learn to equal him. In the presence of a bad man, turn your gaze within! ”练习十三 P1401.抗战和文化建设须携手而行。那么，我要立志写个好剧本，大概并不能算作无聊。至于我能否如愿以偿，那就看我的努力如何了。愿与戏剧同仁共勉之。CultureshoulddevelopalongwiththeWaragainstJapaneseAggression.AndwhenIsayIamgoingtowriteaplay,Iamnottalkingnonsense.AsforwhetherIwillbeabletorealizemydream,itdependsonhowhardIwillwork.Iliketosharewithmyfriendsandcolleaguesinthisfieldthisresolutionandworktogetherwiththemtomakeitcometrue.2.天津卫这地方，大马路上不种五谷杂粮，小胡同里不长瓜果梨桃，满城几十万人口，几十万张嘴巴睁开眼睛要吃要喝，就算天津卫有九条河流横穿而过，即使这九条大河里游满了鱼虾螃蟹，连河岸边的青蛙一起捉来下锅，恐怕也喂不饱这几十万张肚皮。所以，君不见日日夜夜火车轮船不停地往天津运大米白面，城乡公路车拉肩担又不停地往天津送蔬菜瓜果。就这么着，天津爷们儿还吵闹着啥也买不到，大把的钞票攥在手心里愣花不出去。The city of Tianjin produces neither grain nor fruit, and with a population of several thousand, if it would be difficult to feed all the residents, even if the place were endowed with 9 rivers teemed with fish and shrimps, and even if all the frogs in the river were killed for food. No wonder trains and ships carry rice and flour to Tianjin non-stop, day and night, and all roads to the city are congested with truckloads and cartloads of vegetables and fruits. Even so, Tianjin folks still obstreperously complain that there is absolutely nothing to buy, and there is simply no way to spend the huge limps of cash they are holding.3.虽然上海男人被戏谑为“妻管严”，但他并不屈从于妻子。在与妻子有争议时，他要么保持沉默，要么一笑置之。有时候他会发火，但事后不久，他也会毫不迟疑地道歉。最终他妻子发现，她还是按照他的想法行事。Shanghai men are jokingly hen-pecked husbands. However, they will never yield to their wives but remain silent or simile away the quarrels. And they will apologize without hesitation shortly after they lose their temper which is a rarity. Finally, their wives find themselves complying with what their husband say.4.近几年来，父亲和我都是东奔西走，家中光景是一日不如一日。他少年出外谋生，独立支持，做了许多大事。哪知老境却如此颓唐！他触目伤怀，自然情不能自已。情郁于中，自然要发之于外；家庭琐屑往往触他之怒。他待我渐渐不同往日。但最近两年的不见，他终于忘却我的不好，只是惦记着我，惦记着我的儿子。In recent years, both father and I have been living an unsettled life, and the circumstances of our family going from bad to worse. Father left home to seek a livelihood when young and did achieve quite a few things all on his own. To think that he should now be so downcast in old age! The sad state of affairs of the family drove him to utter despair, and his pent-up emotion had to find a vent. That is why even mere domestic trivialities often provoked his anger, and he became less and less nice with me. However, the separation of the last two years has made him more forgiving towards me. He keeps thinking about my son and me.5.荡秋千作为游戏极为简单，但作为比赛项目对选手却是非常严峻的考验。评判的标准是看选手荡的高度和次数，一场比赛下来每个选手都会大汗淋漓疲惫不堪。一名15岁的黎族小姑娘刚刚参加了在“三月三”节庆里举行的荡秋千比赛，她高兴地对记者说，今年的三月三她和同伴荡到了7米高。这是她自己的最好成绩；虽然只荡了20下，但下来后她的两条腿都软了，想站都站不稳，还是教练扶着才走出赛场。As a game, swing is very simple, but as a competitive sport, it becomes a tough challenge. Competitors will be judged by their swinging height and frequencies. They will be dog exhausted after each game. One 15-year-old girl of Li ethnic said that when they competed at this years March Three Event, she, along with her fellows, reached the height of seven meters, her personal best in the sport. Though she only swung back and fro for altogether twenty times, her two legs could not support herself when the competition was over and her coach had to help her come out of the venue. 6.雨声渐渐的住了，窗帘后隐隐的透进清光来。推开窗户一看，呀！凉云散了，树叶上的残滴，映着月儿，好似荧光千点，闪闪烁烁的动着。真没想到苦雨孤灯后，会有这么一幅清美的图画！凭窗站了一会儿，微微的觉得凉意浸人。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东西，都隐在光云里；一片幽辉，只浸着墙上画中的安琪儿。这白衣的安琪儿，抱着花儿，扬着翅儿，向着我微微的笑。As the rain gradually ceased to patter, a glimmer of light began to filter into the room through the window curtain. I opened the window and looked out. Ah, the rain clouds had vanished and the remaining raindrops on the tree leaves glistened tremulously under the moonlight like myriads of fireflies. To think that there should appear before my eyes such a beautiful sight after the miserable rain on a lonely evening.Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light except the angel in a picture on the wall. The angel in white was smiling on me with a bunch of flowers in his arms, his wings flapping.7.等他们确知在我身上搜不出什么的时候，也就停手不搜了；又在我躲藏地方的周围，低头注目搜寻了一番，也毫无所得，他们是多么地失望呵！那个持弹欲放的兵士，也将拉着的引线，仍旧塞进榴弹的木桶里，转过来抢夺我的表和水笔。后彼此说定表和笔卖出钱来平分，才算无话。他们用怀疑而又惊异的目光，对我自上而下地望了几遍，就同声命令地说：“走吧！”Finally, when they knew for certain that there was no money on me, they gave up the body search. Nevertheless they lowered their heads to scan here and there the place where I had hidden myself, but again in vain. How frustrated they must have felt! The soldier holding the grenade pushed the cord back into its wooden handle, and turned round to scramble for my watch and fountain pen. The two men, however, settled their dispute by agreeing to divide the money equally between them after selling the spoils. They eyed me up and down with suspicion and amazement before barking out in chorus, “Come along!”.8.接读朋友的来信，尤其是远自海外犹带着异国风情的航空信，确是人生一大快事，如果无须回信的话，回信，是读信之乐的一大代价，久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以至于无，这时，友情便暂告中断了，直到有一天在赎罪的心情下，你毅然回起信来。蹉跎了这么久，接信之乐早变成久信之苦，我表示这么一位累犯的罪人，郊游千百，几乎每一位朋友都数得出我的前科来，英国诗人奥登曾说他常常阁下重要的信件不回，躲在家里看他的侦探小说，王尔德有一次对韩黎说：“我认得不少人，满怀光明的远景来到伦敦，但是几个月后就整个崩溃了，因为他们有回信的习惯”显然王尔德认为，要过好日子，久的戒除回信的恶习。可见回信的人，原来不止我一个.To get letters from friends, especially airmail letters from ove
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