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八年级英语 上册Unit1,2知识点总结Unit 1 Playing Sportsl Topic 1 I m going to play basketball. 1.see sb. do sth. “看见某人做了某事” 强调动作的全过程,常与 every day; often 等连用. see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在做某事” 强调动作正在进行. Eg : I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. I often see him draw pictures near the river. 我常看见她在河边画画. I saw her go across the street. 我看见她过了马路 I saw her going across the street. 我看见她正在过马路. 类似的有watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词. 2.join sb. 表示 “加入某人的行列” “和某人在一起” join + 组织 表示 “加入某个组织” join in = take part in 表示 “参加/出席某个活动” 如: Will you join us? I will join the skiing club. She is planning to take part in the high jump. 3.prefer to 更喜欢 （to 是介词，后接名词、代词，V-ing 形式）Prefer doing to doing 比起什么更喜欢什么 Eg：She prefers fish to meat. She prefers playing the piano to playing the guitar.Which sports do you prefer, swimming or rowing?=Which sports do you like better ？4.arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 get to + 地点 = reach + 地点 如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday. I arrived at the Great Wall. = I got to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall. 注意: reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home 5.leave 离开 leave for , 动身去/离开到 如: They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京. They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本. 6. a few “几个;一些” 修饰可数名词,表肯定 a little “一点点” 修饰不数名词 表肯定few表否定 little表否定如: There are a few eggs in the basket. There is a little water in the bottle. 7.how long 表示“多久(时间)”; 提问时间段. how often 表示 “多常; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率. 如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. How long will they stay in Beijing? He plays basketball twice a week. How often does he play basketball? 8.be good at (doing) sth. = do well in (doing) sth. 擅长于(做)某事 如: She is good at (playing) baseball. = She does well in (playing) baseball. 9.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物(某人)在某种状态 keep sth/sb + adj. 保持某物(某人)在某种状态 如: Playing soccer can make your body strong. Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy. 10.wish sb. to do sth. wish that 从句hope to do sth. hope that从句 重点短语：cheer on为某人加油（人称代词放中间）play for效力于play against和某人比赛 spend +时间in doing sth.花费时间做某事be good at=do well in擅长做某事keep fit=keep healthy保持健康重点语法 一般将来时： （一）be going to 结构: 表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算、意图。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用 be going to 表达的行动很可能会见诸 实践。 如：Im going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday. 我打算本周日和同学们一起打篮球。 She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她打算为她妈妈买一件毛衣。 What are you going to be when you grow up?你长大后想成为什么？What are you going to do when you grow up?你长大后想做什么？表预测。指根据迹象推测，而且马上或很快就要发生。 如：Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！ there be 句型的将来时there is going to be.例子：There is going to be a match tomorrow.（二） will + 动词原形：表示单纯的将来事实，常与表将来的时间状语如:tomorrow, soon, later, next time(week/month/year)等连用。will not = wont; 缩略形式为ll. 表示作出立即的决定。这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或计划，是临时的一种决定。 如：a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆，把你的东西收拾好。 -Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 对不起。我马上就去做。 b. -Would you like coffee or tea? 您要咖啡还是茶？ -I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶。 c. Dont worry. Ill help you. 别担心。我会帮你的。 表示预测。指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。 如： Im sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢。 Maybe she will go to the gym. 也许她会去体育馆。 表示许诺。如： Ill do better next time. 下次我会做得更好的。 Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的。 句式：肯定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon. 否定句：I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon. 一般疑问句：Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon? 回答：Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont. （三）动词 plan, come, go, leave, fly 等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事. 如： Im coming. 我就来。 He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去。 We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京。 l Topic 2 Ill kick you the ball again. 1.ill 与 sick 都表示 “生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语. 如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了. (作表语) He is a sick man. 他是个病人. (作定语) be ill 有病的，强调状态 fall ill生病，得病，强调动作2.Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示 “(不)做某事介意/好吗?” 如: Would you mind coming and checking it? 来修理它好吗? Would you mind not smoking here? 不要在这儿吸烟好/介意吗? 3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “其中之一”, 主语是 one,表单数.谓语动词用单数。 如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 其中我的一个队友又高又壮。 4. miss “错过,思念,遗失” 如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最后一班车. He missed his mother. 他想念他的母亲. My God! I missed(=lost) my key. 天啊! 我把钥匙弄丢了. 5. do ones best 尽某人的最大努力 = try ones best We do our best to finish the task. 6. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子 “确定做某事” 如: We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we will win next time. 我们确信下次一定会赢。 7. be sorry for “为某事抱歉” be sorry to do sth. = be sorry (that) + 句子 “很抱歉做了某事” be glad to do sth.高兴做某事如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到抱歉. Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose your book.很抱歉弄丢你的书。 8. tired adj. “（感到）疲惫的” , 主语是人 如: I feel tired today. 今天我感到累了. tiring adj. “令人疲劳的”, 主语是事物 如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲惫. 类似的有: excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到有趣的 interesting 有趣的 （ed 修饰人，ing修饰物）9. 15-year-old “15 岁的” 15 years old “15 岁” 如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old. 类似用法: 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles 10. instead “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开. instead of“替代;而不,相反” 如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京. = Ill go to Beijing instead of Shanghai. I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水. 11.have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “从做.中获得乐趣” 如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣。重点短语：keep doing sth.继续做某事 shout at sb.冲某人喊叫 be angry with sb.生某人的气be angry with sb.for doing sth.因某人做某事而生气be angry at/about sth.因某事生气say sorry to sb.想某人抱歉 have a fight with sb.=fight with sb.和某人打架 with ones help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下stopfrom doing sth.阻止某人做某事So that 的用法 It is +形容词+（for sb）.+to do sth.对某人而言，做什么事是怎么样的l Topic 3 The school sports meet is coming. 1. be ready for 为准备 = prepare for Eg：We are ready for the final exam = We are preparing for the final exam 2. have fun doing sth.做什么事有趣3. take / do exercise 做锻炼 Eg：They often takes / does exercise in the morning. 4. grow up 长大 Eg：What are you going to be when you grow up. bring up : 抚养 5. a symbol of 代表 = stand for Eg：The Olympic rings are a symbol of the Olympic Games.They stand for the five parts。 6. at least 至少 at most 至多 Eg：We need at least another two days to finish the task. There are 1000 students in this school at most. 7. shall ,will 的区别8. be afraid “恐怕” 指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人. be afraid of “害怕(做)” 如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我恐怕没有空. He is afraid of dogs. 他害怕狗. They are afraid of losing the game. 他们害怕输了比赛. 9. may be “可能是” may 是情态动词 + be maybe “或许; 可能” maybe 是副词 如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he is a teacher. 他可能是一名老师. He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字. 10. between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者当中 如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在 A和 B 之间. The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中. 重点短语：make friends with sb.和某人交朋友 relay race接力赛 Lets make it half past six.让我们定在六点半。 neck and neck 并驾齐驱 for the first time第一次finish line终点线Unit 2 Keeping Healthy l Topic 1 You should brush your teeth twice a day.1. 身体某个部位 + ache，表身体某处疼痛。 如: headache 头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛 2. medicine “药”（为不可数名词） pill “药片” （为可数名词） 如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药 3. with “含有” without “没有” 后跟动词ing形式Eg：hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶 mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼 Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without anything 中国清茶 Go to school without (eating) breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学。 4. well 康复 well 是副词，修饰动词。作为形容词来用时，是“身体健康”的意思。 Eg：She dances well.( well是副词) Take care of you ，youll be well soon.( well是形容词) good 是形容词，“好的” eg：He is a good boy. 5. Youd better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生 see a doctor 看医生 see a dentist看牙医 had better (not) do sth 最好（不）做某事 Eg：Youd better ask your teacher for help You have a fever，Lets see a doctor. Your leg is hurt ，youd better not move. 6. have a rest 休息一下 Eg:You look tired ,why not have a rest? 7. until “直到为止” ; 句中动词一般为延续性动词 not until “直到才” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词 如: He will wait for his father until ten oclock. 他将等他父亲一直到 10 点为止. He wont leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开. 8. plenty of “充足;大量” 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词, 只用于肯定句, 相当于 a lot of/ lots of many “许多”, 修饰可数名词 much “许多”, 修饰不可数名词 如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应该喝大量的开水. You shouldnt drink so much water. 你不应该喝这么多水. I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有许多水. 9.enough 做形容词修饰名词放名词之前 drink enough boiled water喝足够的热水 做副词必须放在所修饰的形容词或副词之后 She is old enough to go to school.10.系动词：look(看起来)smell taste feel be seem keep sound become 后跟形容词重点短语：stay in bed卧床休息feel like doing sth.想要做某事 lie down躺下something new 新的东西nothing serious没有什么严重的（不定代词放在形容词之前）look after=take care of照顾help sb. (to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 be careful=look out 当心 ask for one weeks leave请一周的假期 worry about, be worried about担心Whats wrong with you?=Whats the matter with you ?I have a cold/headache/backache. I have the flu.How long have you been like this?你这样多久了？How are you feeling today?你今天感觉怎么样？ Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking. 1. be good for 对有益 be bad for 对有害 如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益. Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害. 2. enough adj. “足够的” 修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前) 如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 我有足够的时间完成这项工作. There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物. adv. “足够地” 修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面. 如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果. He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清楚. 3. need “需要, 必需” 作实义动词: need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事 如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮助. You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生. He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车. 作情态动词: need + 动词原形 如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西, 只要开口就行了. You neednt finish this work today. 你不必今天完成这项工作. 4. too much + 不可数名词 表“太多的” much too + 形容词 表“太”，much 起加强语气作用 如：Dont eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。 He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了。 5. give up 放弃 Eg|：In order to keep healthy，you must give up smoking and drinking. 6. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害你的健康. (V-ing 短语做主语) stay up （late）熬夜 （到很晚） 6. throw around 乱扔 Eg：We shouldnt throw litter around. 7. in public 公共的 Eg：We shouldnt smoke in public. 8. more than 超过 less than 少于 Eg：There are more than 1000 students in that school. I do morning exercise less than three times a week. 9. must “必须, 一定” 如: We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习. must 表示推测时一般用于肯定句；在疑问句和否定句中一般应用can,否定句中也可用may,但 may not 表示“可能不”，而cant 表示“不可能”；在 否定句中，mustnt 表示禁止，意为“不允许”。以 must 开头的疑问句，肯定回答应用must，而否定回答则常用 neednt, neednt 表示“不需要、不必”，相当于 dont have to。如： Theres someone knocking on the door. It must he Jim. 有人敲门。肯定是吉姆。 Eg -Must we keep the windows open all the time? -No, we dont have to. / No, we neednt. (注意回答时不能用 No, we mustnt.) * have to “不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事（可用于各种时态） 如：Its too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了. I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱. 重点短语：before meals饭前 right after就在之后read in the sun在太阳底下读书 give up doing sth. keep+宾语+形容词，使处于某种状态，如keep you active,使你保持活力 keep me waiting使我一直等着 force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事because后跟句子，because of 后跟名词短语 be surprised to do 对做什么事感到吃惊asas possible尽可能的l Topic 3 Must we exercise to prevent the flu?1. hurry up 赶快 2. prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事3. go ahead 交际用语， 向前走 ； 着手干 Eg：Go ahead and you will find a bank. -Mr. Wang ,I want to ask you a question. -Go ahead. 4. build up 使强健 Eg:We must do as much exercise as we can to build up our bodies. 5. take care of 照顾 = look after Eg: The boy is too young to take care of himself. = The boy is too young to look after himself. 6. Its my duty to save the patients. 挽救病人是我的职责。 Its my duty to do sth 做是我的责任 Eg：Its our duty to keep the classroom clean. 7. on 通过，使用 Eg：Now，more and more students learn English on Internet. 8. keep away from=stay away from远离9. talk with sb. 表 “与交流” , 指 “与人平等地交流、讨论” talk to sb. 表示 “找某人谈话” , 在口语中常 “责备某人” 如: Jims father is talking with the teacher. 吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈. I will talk to him about his careless. 我要找他谈话,批评他的粗心大意. 10. teach oneself 自学 = learn by oneself Eg：His family is too poor to afford his education ,so he teach himself after school. 11. enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高兴 12. help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 如: I helped my mother cook at home. = I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭.ring sb. up = call sb.up给某人打电话 leave a message留口信 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事try to do sth.尽力做某事 if引导条件状语从句，主将从现，如：We will go hiking, if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天气好，我们就去远足。 fast food 快餐 say no to +名词，代词，动词ing向说不 the +比较级，the +比较级，越来.越如The more exercise, the better.
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