决战2011高考英语专题讲义高考常见词组辨析专题.doc

决战2011高考英语专题讲义高考常见词组辨析专题1. must和have to 这两个词均表示“必须”，must常偏重主观意志，而have to偏重客观需要。must一般只用于一般现在时和将来时态，而have to则有更多的时态。例如：We must get up at six oclock every day. 我们每天必须六点钟起床。It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 没有时间了，我们必须快点起床。We must follow the Party forever. 我们必须永远跟着党走。He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他说他第二天得和她一道去。2almost 和nearly这两个词意思均为“几乎”、“差不多”。但从程度的角度上说almost更接近些，感情色彩也更浓。在与表示否定意义的词never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none连用时，要用almost，不能用nearly。但可以说not nearly，而不能说not almost。例如：Its nearly time . 时间快到了。Its almost time. 时间马上就到了。Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 几乎没有人知道昨天发生在街上的那起交通事故。3 . the number of 和 a number ofthe number of 意为“数目”，用单数谓语动词。a number of 意为“许多的”、“一些”，用复数谓语动词。例如：A number of students visited the factory last month. 上个月许多学生参观了那个工厂。The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校学生的人数是三千多。4. go to sleep 和 go to bedgo to sleep 意为“入睡”，指睡着了，表示状态。go to bed 意为“去睡觉”，指上床去睡觉，表示动作。例如：We usually go to bed at eleven. 我们通常十一点上床睡觉。I found that he had gone to sleep. 我发现他已经睡着了。5. receive 与 acceptreceive（vt.）意为“接受”，没有主观色彩，指收到了送来的东西。accept（vt.）意为“接受”，指乐意接受，强调主观愿望。例如：She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.她收到了他的礼物，但她拒绝接受。I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天，我收到了一封来自美国的信。I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建议。6. at the end of 和 in the endat the end of 意为“在的末尾”、“在的末端”。in the end意为“最后”、“最终”是finally和at last的同义词。例如：After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十个月以后，他最终完成了工作。There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的尽头有一家商店。7 well和good两词均译为“好”。当两词都为形容词时，good常用作定语。如用作表语时，后面常与介词for连用。well为形容词时， 多用作表语，指身体好。也可用作定语。例如：Spring is a good season. 春天是个好季节。Milk is good for children. 牛奶对儿童有益。When I saw him, he looked well. 我见到他时，他显得很健康。He is not a well man. 他不是一个健康的人。well还为副词，而good的副词也是well。例如：He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作业完成得很好。8. sleep和asleepsleep(v.) 动词“睡觉”。asleep(adj.)形容词“睡着的”、“沉睡的”，只用作表语，表示某人睡着了。也常置于名词后，作补语。例如：The baby sleeps well. 这个婴儿睡得很熟。Mother is asleep in the next room. 妈妈在隔壁房里睡着了。asleep也常与fall连用。例如：he has fallen asleep. 他已经睡熟了。9. have been to 和 has gone tohave been to “曾到过”指曾到过某地，说话时人已经回来。have gone to “到去了”指已到某地去了，说话时，人已不在这里了。例如：I have been to Japan. 我曾到过日本。You cant see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你见不到他了， 他已经去天津了。10. sometimes、sometime和some timesometimes（adv.）意为“有时”、“不时”是频度副词，用作状语。sometime（adv.）意为“某时”、“日后”，副词，用作状语。some time意为“一些时候”，副词短语，用作状语（也可用作名词性短语）。例如：I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些时候了。Ill come to see you sometime next week. 下周，我会来看你的 。Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有时起得早，有时起得晚。11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner三个词均为“在角”。in the corner 为“在角里”；on the corner为“在角上”“在拐角上”； at the corner为“在角边”。下图可表示三个词的区别：in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner例如：The bank is on (at) the corner. 银行就在拐角上。In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.在办公室的角落有一张桌子，在桌角上放着一个口袋。corner作“拐角”解，与之搭配的介词，美国英语多用on，英国英语通常用at；corner作角(即180o以内的角)解时与之搭配的介词用in，在内部的“角”，习惯上用in the corner of.例如：误：The girl sat at the corner in the classroom正：The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.那个女孩子坐在教室的角落里。训练1、Dont sit the corner of the table.A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)2. The boy sat _ the corner of the room.A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)3. People came _ the four corners of the earth.A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)4.The house stands _ the corner.A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)典型错误例析1. 承蒙相助，不胜感激。误：Thats very kind to you to help me.正：Thats very kind of you to help me.析：在得到对方帮助、善待时， 你要表示自己的感激之情，常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意为“（某人）对（某人）好”。2我想尽可能早点见到他。误：I would like seeing him as soon as possible.正：I would like to see him as soon as possible.析：would like =d like, 用来表示“想要、希望、愿意“，后跟动词不定式，不跟动名词。3我对他的汉语有些担忧。误：Im worried for his Chinese.正：Im worried about his Chinese.析：“对担忧”应用 be worried about 。4两个月太长了。误：Two months are quite a long time.正：Two months is quite a long time.析：表示重量、时间、长度、价值等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，但仍作为一个整体看待，动词一般用单数形式。如：Ten dollars is enough. 十美元够了。5全家人打算在那儿呆两个月。误：The whole family are going there for two months.正：The whole family is going there for two months.析：在这里family指整个家庭，所以动词用单数形式。试比较：My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。（这里指家庭成员，动词用复数）6我看见他们正在踢足球。误：I saw them play football.正：I saw them playing football.析：在see、hear、watch等动词后，既可接不带to 的动词不定式，又可带现在分词作宾语补足语，但它们所表示的意义不同。用不定式时说明动作发生了，即动作的全部过程结束了。用现在分词表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束。7我对科学感兴趣。误：Im interesting in science.正：Im interested in science.析：interesting “令人感兴趣的”，可用作标语，其主语是物，也可以用作定语，修饰人或物。interested“感兴趣的”，常用于be(become) interested的结构，主语是人。8她没乘车去，而是步行的。误：She went there on foot instead by bus.正：She went there on foot instead of by bus.正：She didnt go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.析：instead“代替”，表示前面的事情没有做，而是做了后面的事，一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于句中，且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那个句子一般是肯定形式，前面的那个句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意义，后可接一个并列成分。9那个男孩有那么多奇怪的问题。误：The boy had such many strange questions.正：The boy had so many strange questions.析：表示“这样（那样）多”，可用so many（用于复数可数名词）或so much（用不可数名词）。它们是固定搭配，so 不能用such代替。10请让他把音量调小点儿。误：Ask him to turn off it, please.正：Ask him to turn it down, please.析：表示通过使用开关或调节器，将电器或类似用品（收音机、电视机等）的声音、亮度等调低、关小，用turn down, 其中down是副词，若是代词作宾语时，则要把代词放在turn和down之间。11下周我将乘飞机去上海。误：Ill fly to Shanghai by air next week.正：Ill fly to Shanghai next week.正：Ill get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.析：fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再与by air 连用，以免重复。12我每周看一次电影。误：I go to the cinema once every week.正：I go to the cinema once a week.析：表示在一段时间内出现一定的次数，用“次数+一段时间”这一结构。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周（月、年）两次。13包里装满了书。误：The bag is full with books.正：The bag is full of books.正：The bag is filled with books.析：be full of =be filled with, 意为“某容器装满了某物”，其主语多为容器。14我们每个人都有一本词典。误：Each we have a dictionary.正：We have a dictionary each.正：Each of us has a dictionary.析：each可用作同位语，放在主语、助动词、连系动词之后或句末，谓语动词用复数形式。each of 可和人称代词的宾格连用，谓语用单数形式。15手术持续了五个小时。误：The operation kept five hours.正：The operation lasted for five hours.析：动词last可用来表示某事物持续存在下去，也可用于下列情况：某物的数量达到在需要的一段时间内够用，即可说那样东西持续（多长时间）。而keep为“保存、保持”之意，与题意不符。16你知道他们的飞机什么时候离开北京吗？误：Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?正：Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?析：宾语从句不论其原来结构如何，都使用陈述句语序，即：不颠倒主谓语，也不另加助动词。17昆明的天气比兰州的好。误：The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.正：The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.析：在比较句型中，比较的内容应前后一致。本句是拿“昆明的天气”与“兰州的天气”比较，而不是与“兰州”这个地名相比较。18他告诉我们太阳是圆的。误：He told us that the sun was round.正：He told us that the sun is round.析：在含宾语从句的复合句中，主句是一般过去时，从句可根据需要选用过去的某种时态,但从句若陈述的真理性、普遍性的事情等时，则常用一般现在时。19没有消息就是好消息。误：No news are good news.正：No news is good news.析：news尽管看上去是复数形式，但常用作不可数名词，后面的谓语动词要用单数形式。20那台电视机现在立在我们起居室的角落里。误：That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.正：That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.析：“在室内角落处”应说in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示“在（街、墙）的拐角处”。21 他正在忙着做家务。误：He is busy to do his housework.正：He is busy doing his housework.正：He is busy with his housework.析：be busy doing 表示“忙于做”，doing不能改为to do; be busy with 也表示“忙于做”，但后面只能接名词，不能接动词的“-ing”形式。22我不得不告诉你这件事，对吗？误：I had tell you about it, hadnt I?正：I had to tell you about it, didnt I析：have to 意为“不得不”，其疑问句式的构成不能用have，而要根据不同的人称和世态，选用助动词do 、does 或did。