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高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面跨好三大步做好三结合 -谈完形填空解题技巧 中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读细节，准确认定语境，才能做好这类题目。 3.从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。尤其是NMET完形填空短文大都包含一定的哲理和寓意，具备深层探询的可能性，这就要求我们既要明确表层意义，还要理解其深层含义。而结合我们已有的生活常识和社会常识去做题，则会有意想不到的效果，因为每个人的能力不是单一的。 4.从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。因为我们在英语学习过程中往往伴随“心译”过程，而出题者则会从母语的角度设置干扰项，在做题时一定要意识到这一点，不要受母语影响，借助平时学习中培养起来的语感，灵活处理。 总之，在逐项填空时应根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲，选中答案。 三、复读全文再检验 在做完一篇完形填空后，文章完整了，应从头至尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇短文的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，力争尽可能少出错。 另外，要做好完形填空，除了具备扎实的基础知识和快速阅读及理解的能力外，良好的心理素质和思维品质也至关重要。我们在平时训练时不能忽视对后者的训练。一、高考完形填空解析 (一) (MET91) On the night of the play. Jack was at the theater early and he was already dressed in a policemans clothes long 1 the end of the first scene. He certainly looked the part all right he thought as he 2 himself in the mirror. He 3 thought of going out into the street to see 4 he could pass as 5 out there. Just for 6 , of course. Then he suddenly felt nervous. After all it was his first time to 7 a part in a play. 8 could he face all those people 9 the play? he put his head in his hands and tried to 10 his lines (台词), but nothing 11 to his mind. A knock on the door made him look 12 . He was to go on stage (舞台) in the second scene. Have I 13 my part and ruined (破坏) the play for everybody? he thought to himself. But 14 was only the manager. She 15 how nervous he was and 16 he should stand near the stage 17 he could watch and follow the play. It was a good 18 of getting rid of his nervousness she said. She was right, it seemed to 19 . In fact the more he watched the play, the 20 he felt himself part of it. At last the 21 came for him to appear on the stage. But suddenly the manager came to him again, 22 worried as she placed a hand on his arm to 23 him back. Has anything gone 24 ? Jack asked. Im afraid youre going to be 25 . she said, Theyve jumped three pages of the play and have missed your part out completely. 1. A. before B.by C.after D.at2. A. looked B.showed C.admired D.enjoyed3. A. just B.even C.still D.already4. A. how B.why C.as if D.whether5. A. a policeman B.an inspector C.an officer D.a manager6. A. joke B.fun C.play D.exercise7. A. make B.join C.have D.give8. A. Where B.Why C.When D.How9. A. following B.attending C.watching D.observing10.A. read B.remember C.understand D.learn11.A. came B.went C.happened D.got12.A. away B.up C.out D.down13.A. passed B.left C.missed D.failed14.A. this B.that C.she D.it15.A. wondered B.imagined C. noticed D.examined16.A. agreed B.suggested C. persuaded D. encouraged17.A. where B. when C. that D. there18.A. idea B. way C. path D. plan.19.A. do B. win C. work D. act20.A. less B. harder C. better D. more21.A. hour B. minute C. moment D. period22.A. feeling B. looking C. sounding D. growing23.A. hold B. take C. catch D. push24.A. bad B. late C. mad D. wrong25.A. frightened B. excited C. disappointed D. pleased(二) (NMET91) It was a cold winters afternoon. Robert stopped for a moment as he crossed the bridge and looked down at the river below. There were hardly any 1 on the river. 2 the bridge, however, almost direct below, 3 was a small canoe, with a boy in it. He was 4 wearing many dothes. Robert 5 . He shivered and walked on. 6 he heard a cry. Help! Help! The cry 7 from the river. Robert looked down. The boy was 8 the water and his canoe was 9 away.Help! Help! he called again. Robert was a good 10 .Taking off his clothes, he 11 into the river. The 12 water made him tremble all over, 13 in a few seconds he reached the 14 Dont be afraid, he said and started to swim towards the river bank, 15 the boy with him. But at that 16 he noticed a large motor boat under the bridge. There were several people on the boat, all 17 in his direction. Robert 18 to swim towards the boat. Give me a hand, he shouted 19 he got near the boat. He 20 up into a row of faces.Its funny, he thought. They look so 21 . Silently they helped the boy into the boat and 22 him in a blanket. But they did not move to 23 Robert. Arent you going to pull me 24 too? Robert asked. You! said one of the man. Robert noticed that he was standing next to a large 25 . You! Why we were making a film and you spoiled a whole afternoons work. You can stay in the water!1. A. fish B. boats C. waves D. sound2. A. From B.Towards C. Near D.Behind3. A. there B. it C.where D.that4. A. then B. also C. only D.not5. A. noticed B.saw C. guessed D.said6. A. Till then B. Just then C. Far away D. From there7. A. happened B.went C. arrived. D.came8. A. on B.within C. in D.under9. A. running B.floating C. flowing D. pulling 10.A. swimmer B.guard. C.soldier D. player.11.A. threw B. looked C. jumped D. turned 12.A. deep B. cool C.dirty D. cold 13.A. but B. so C.and D. or 14.A. canoe B. bank C.boy D. bridge 15.A. pushing B. dragging C.holding D. catching16.A. place B. period C.second D. moment17.A. seeing B. smiling C.looking D. shouting18.A. decided B. went C.agreed D. promised19.A. while B. till C.for D. as20.A. turned B. looked C.hurried D. stood21.A. nervous B.afraid C.excited D.angry22.A. warpped B.left C. placed D. threw23.A. save B. thank C. wrap D. help24.A. on B. out C. away D. off25.A. boat B. blanket C.camera D. screen(三) (91上海) Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next? The space 1 to let the rail expand (膨胀)when it gets 2 . On a hot day, the metal expands and if it 3 to do this, the rails would bend 4 shape. This caused railway 5 in the past. 6 solids expand much less than liquids or gases, the 7 increases (增加量) can add up to a lot, when there are long 8 of rail. For example, the difference in length of rail, in summer and winter, 9 the distance between London and Edinburgh, is about 1/4 mile. We 10 keep in our minds and must not forget the expansion of metal when we build a very long metal bridge 11 . So spaces are left in the places 12 the metal is joined. When 13 colder, it becomes smaller in size. We can make use of the 14 that solids expand when they are heated, and become smaller in size when they get colder, and 15 they do it at different 16 . For example, when an iron band (铁箍) has to fit tightly 17 a wooden wheel, first we make it 18 than the wheel, then we 19 it, so that it goes on easily. When it gets colder, it becomes smaller in size and 20 the wheel very tightly.1. A. leaves B. is left C. left D. has left2. A. hot B. wet C. cold D. dry3. A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. were not allowed D. were allowed4. A in B. off C. out of D. with5. A. incidents B.happenings C. trouble D. accidents6. A. Although B. If C. Because D. After7. A. more B. some C.bit D. small8. A. differences B.lengths C. railways D. ways9. A. on B. in C. over D. from10. A. have to B. can C. may D. need11. A. either B. again C. else D. too12. A. that B. which C. where D. when13. A. solids get B.the solids get C. solid gets D. a solid gets14. A. reason B. fact C. cause D. way15. A. which B. where C. that D. so16. A. speeds B.expansions C. conditions D. lines17. A. on B. round C. with D. within18. A. a little smaller B.a little longer C. much smaller D. much larger19. A. cool B. heat C. warm D. wash20. A. carries B. makes C. keep D. holds(四) (MET92) On Thursday afternoon Mrs Clarke locked the door and went to the womens club as usual. It was a pleasant way of passing time 1 an old woman who lived 2 . When she came home she sensed something 3 .Had someone got in? The back door and the windows were all 4 and there was no 5 of forced entry (进入). Had 6 been taken? She went from room to room, 7 , and found her camera and spare watch 8 . The following Thursday she went out at her 9 time, but didnt go to the club. 10 she took a short walk in a park nearby and came home, 11 herself in through the back door. She settled down to wait and see what would 12 . It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clarke was 13 tea at the time. The bell rang again, and 14 she heard her letter-box being pushed open. 15 the kettle(壶) of boiling water, she moved quietly 16 the door. A 17 of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a 18 . The wire turned and caught around the knob (圆形旋钮) on the doorlock. Mrs Clarke raised the kettle and 19 the water over the hand. 20 was heard outside as the 21 fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was 222 by the sound of running feet. It wasnt long 23 the police caught the thief. And Mrs clarke was greatly 24 at the club for her successful 25 .1. A. by B. to C. with D. for2. A. lonely B. alone C. away D. busily3. A. terrible B.uncomfortable C. unusual D. bad4. A. locked B. opened C. broken D. fixed5. A. scene B. show C. sign D. sight6. A. anything B.nothing C. money D. jewels7. A. looking B. examining C. searching D. checking8. A. losing B. missing C.leaving D. disappearing9. A. same B. spare C. special D. usual10.A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Again11.A. pushing B. letting C. pulling D. leading12.A. appear B. follow C. happen D. continue13.A. cooking B. making C. burning D.serving14.A. the next moment B. for a while C. in time D. at once15.A. .Putting down B. Laying aside C. Picking up D.Taking away16.A. towards B. away from C. from behind D.near17.A pile B. set C. lot D.piece18.A. kinfe B. hand C. letter D. key19.A. spread B. dropped C. poured D. covered20.A. A sad voice B. A strange noise C. A warning shout D. A sharp cry21.A. key B. kettle C. door-lock D. wire22.A. followed B. caused C. produced D. ended23.A. before B. since C. until D. when24.A. surprised B. admired C. inspired D. supported25.A.self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service(五) (NMET92) The lecture on smoking was over at last. As we boys were rushing towards the playground, Jim slipped by the table. The watch, which Mrs Smith had 1 on the table as she started her lecture, disappeared. We were 2 to go back for class again when the headmaster called us 3 and said, Ive got a little 4 for you boys. Mrs Smith has just lost her watch on the playground. This kind of thing has happened 5 , she says-it just 6 off her wrist. So look around for it, will you? 7 if youre clever enough to find it. Lets 8 it clear the boy who does 9 will get a useful reward. At once we started looking for the watch. Everybody wished to be the 10 one. Suddenly, Jim stopped and bent down as if to 11 something. And 12 he was in front of Mrs Smith, all smiles, 13 the watch to her. Mrs Smith, however, didnt seem at all looked 14 .In fact, she looked angry. She took the watch without 15 a Thank you. Jim got 16 -a large piece of paper from the headmaster, who 17 him to write a composition 18 the dangers of smoking. What could 19 Jim write about? He hadnt listened to the lecture and had nothing to say on the 20 .1.A.seen B.dropped C.found D.laid2.A.about B.able C. sorry D.sure3.A.forward B.together C. straight D.out4.A.fun B.trick C. job D.prize5.A.before B.now C. here D.there6.A.goes B.throws C. slips D.falls 7.A.Say B.See C. Guess D.Check8.A.get B.put C. make D.keep9.A.this B.such C. that D.so10.A.lucky B.quick C. early D.worthy11.A.put down B.give away C. find out D.pick up12.A.the following moment B.the next moment C. for a moment D. just a moment13. A. handing out B. turning in C.giving up D. sending back14. A. pleased B. hurt C. interested D. worried15. A. just B. ever C. even D. almost16. A. her punishment B. her prize C.his job D. his reward17. A. had B. made C. told D. helped18. A. of B. on C. in D. at19. A. poor B.nervous C. quick D. good20. A. lecture B. point C. matter D. subject(六) (MET93) Where is the bus? I asked myself. I was going to be late 1 the manager wasnt going to be 2 . Thank God, here it is! The bus 3 round the corner and I got on. Ten minutes later I was walking into the 4 where I work.Twenty-five past nine. I 5 the manager doesnt notice. But no 6 luck! Smith! shouted the manager. Late again. Whats your 7 this time? Im afraid the bus was late, Mr Brown. 8 up earlier tomorrow! Anyway, go to your 9 at the counter. Well be opening in a few minutes. My first customer was a pretty gril wearing a red dress. 10 her was a young man of about 25. He seemed very 11 , and every few seconds he looked 12 the main entrance. The girl 13 about opening a bank account. I gave her the necessary 14 and she walked out. 15 , I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something 16 with brown paper. Turning to my next customer, I was terrified to see a gun 17 out of his coat. The next moment a lound noise 18 my ears. Everything went black. I was falling After 19 seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed! 20 shaking from the memory of this terrible dream, I got dressed and ran out of the house. As 21 , the bus wasnt on time, and I got to the bank at 9:25. Smith! the manager cried out in a voice like thunder. 22 of your excuses! Go start work at once! To my 23 , the first customer was a girl 24 a red dress and behind her stood a man carrying something wrapped in brown paper. The 25 ! Wasnt that surprise of my life! 1.A.as B.but C.and D.or2.A.pleased B.worriedC.sorry D.patient3.A.ran B.came C.rode D.drove4.A.hotel B.shop C.bank D.restuarant5.A.believe B.expect C.guess D.hope6.A.much B.such C.more D.this7.A.excuseB.idea C.cause D.answer8.A.HurryB.Set C.Catch D.Get.9.A.businessB.job C.place D.spot10.A.BeforeB.Behind C.Beyond D.Against11.A.nervous B.shy C.calm D.angry12.A.downB.for C.towards D.through13.A.cared B.talked C.asked D.worried14.A.informationB.offer C.introduction D.support15.A.AgainB.Then C.Thus D.However16.A.hiddenB.rolled C.filled D.covered17.A.gettingB.aiming C.appearing D.sticking18.A.took B.shock C.filled D.tore19.A.whatB.when C.that D.which20.A.EvenB.Still C.Just D.Ever21.A. usual B.past C.such D.yet22.A.Less B.Plenty C.More D.None23. A. belief B. surprise C. joy D. regret24. A. of B.with C. on D. in25. A. dream B. story C. affair D. incident(七) (NMET93) Jenkins was a jewller , who had made a large diamond ring worth 57,000 for the Silkstone Jewellery Shop. When it was ready, he made a copy of it which looked 1 like the first one but was worth only 2,000.This he took to the shop, which 2 it without a question. Jenkins gave the much more 3 ring to his wife for her fortieth birthday.Then, the husband and wife 4 to Paris for a weekend. As to the 5 ring, the shop sold it for 60,000. Six months later the buyer 6 it back to Silkstdhes office. Its a faulty diamond, he said.It isnt worth the high 7 I paid. Then he told them the 8 . His wifes car had caught fire in an 9 . She had escaped. 10 the ring had fallen off and been damaged in the great 11 of the fire. The shop had to 12 . They knew that no fire on earth can 13 damage a perfect diamond. Someone had taken the 14 diamond and put a faulty one in its place. The question was: who 15 it? A picture of the ring appeared in the 16 .A reader thought he 17 the ring. The next day, another picture appeared in the papers which 18 a famous dancer walking out to a plane for Paris. Behind the dancer there was a woman 19 a large diamond ring. Do you know the 20 with the lovely diamond ring? the papers asked their readers. Several months later, Jenkins was sentenced to seven years in prison.1. A. only B. surely C. nearly D. exactly2. A. accepted B.received C. refused D. rejected3. A. real B. modern C. worthy D. valuable4. A. flew B. drove C. sailed D. bicycled5. A. first B. second C. last
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