资源描述
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对外经济贸易大学2002年金融专业考研试题一、填空(每空1分,共9分)1、在某一垄断竞争行业中,各厂商所生产的产品既存在,同时有具有。2、以收益形式表现的生产要素边际生产力通常被称为。3、凯恩斯主义认为,是西方国家最通常使用的、最主要的货币政策工具。4、普惠制条件下,受惠国向给惠国输出的商品享受关税优惠的程度取决于普惠税与之间的差额。5、按照目前我国贷款风险分类标准,贷款分为正常类、类、类、可疑类和损失类。6、世界贸易组织在金融领域所追求的两大目标是和。二、判断下列各题的叙述是否正确,正确的在每小题前面的括号内划错误的划(每小题1分,共10分)1、( )当录像机的价格上升时,录像带的需求量会减少,这是因为录像机和录像带之间存在着代替性。2、( )厂商增加一单位产量时所增加的可变成本等于边际成本。3、( )在均衡的国民收入水品上,非计划存货和计划存货投资都必须等于零。4、( )在开放经济中,一国只能通过实施货币政策而不是通过财政政策实现充分就业和国际收支平衡。5、( )长期性商品 倾销往往有赖于规模经济或政府出口补贴的支持。6、( )国际贸易额是世界各国进口与出口的总和。7、( )在金融市场上,短期利率的波动一般要大于长期利率,但长期债券的价格比短期债券的价格不稳定。8、( )根据中国人民银行的规定,证券交易保证金帐户存款属于我国货币统计中M1的组成部分。9、( )蒙代尔弗莱明模型认为,在浮动汇率制、货币自由流动和货币自主权之间存在着三难选择。10、( )金融服务附录规定,审慎监管措施受服务贸易总协定其他条款的限制。三、单项选择题(将正确答案填写在括号内,每题1分,共7分)1、等成本线向内移动表明A、产量降低了B、生产要素的价格按相同比例下降了;C、成本减少了;D、生产要素的价格按不同比例下降了答案( )2、有效关税率代表这对部分的有效保护。A、产品增值;B、最终产品;C、原材料;D、中间产品答案( )3、政府机构在采购货物时有限购买本国产品的政策,属于。A、歧视性政府采购政策;B、进口押金制;C、进出口国家垄断;D、特许经营答案( )4、主要以吸收存款方式筹措资金的金融机构有。A、抵押银行;B、投资银行;C、储蓄银行;D、开发银行答案( )5、属于间接融资工具的是。A、投资基金;B、公司债券;C、非金融公司商业票据;D、国库卷答案( )6、国际银行设施属于离岸金融中心的。A、功能中心;B、基金中心;C、名义中心;D、收放中心答案( )7、择期业务与期权业务最主要的区别是。A、经营的机构少;B、币种与金额所受限制不同;C、能否放弃合约的自主权不同;D、期限不同答案( )四、多项选择题(将正确答案填在括号内,每题2分,共6分)1、对外贸易政策由以下内容构成。A、对外贸易总政策;B、产业政策;C、商业政策;D、进出口商品政策E、国别地区政策答案( )2、对证券公募与私募的比较标明。A、公募与私募均要遵守有关事实全部公开的原则;B、私募较适合于中小公司证券的发行;C、私募证券可直接上市;D、公募要求证券评级;E、公募证券不能进行柜台交易答案( )3、世界银行的资金来源除会员国交纳的股本金外,还包括。A、借款;B、份额;C、债权转让;D、利润收入E、捐赠收入答案( )五、简单准确解释下列名次(每题3分,共15分)1、价格歧视2、收入贸易条件3、要素价格均等化定理4、流动性陷阱5、特里芬难题六、简述题(每题6分,共18分)1、证明短期生产函数和短期成本函数的对偶关系,并简单说明它们的变动规律。2、简述补贴与反补贴协议中可申述补贴的含义。3、福费廷业务能给出口商带来那些具体的利益?七、论述题(每题10分,共20分)1、为什么中央银行要进行金融监管?其监管的主要内容是什么?2、根据IS曲线方程和LM曲线方程推导总需求函数,并说明函数中的参数对总需求函数的影响及其经济学含义。八、案例分析题(第1题7分,第2题8分,共15分)1、某单位欲从国外商业银行筹措一年期的贷款,购买机械设备,一年期美元贷款利率为10.125,1年期欧元贷款利率为4,根据权威机构预测在贷款期内美元将贬值8,该单位借美元有利还是借欧元有利?为什么(列出演算过程)2、 假设某经济的消费函数为C100+0.8Y(其中Y为个人可支配收入),投资I100,政府购买支出G200,政府转移支付TR62.5(单位均为10亿美元),税率t0.25.问:(1)均衡国民收入是多少?(2)投资乘数和政府税收乘数分别是多少?(3)当政府将一笔支出用在政府购买上对国民收入的影响是否和将这一笔支出用在政府转移支付上对国民收入的影响一样?为什么?2005年对外经济贸易大学 413 国际贸易学综合试题一、 名词解释(4分/个)1、 充分就业预算盈余答:(1)预算盈余大小说明了财政取支之间的基本关系,衡量财政政策走向的手段。用BS表示,即财政税收减去政府购买及转移支付后的余额。一般认为,BS为正数,说明财政收入大于财政支出,说明财政政策为紧缩性的;BS为负数,说明财政收入小于财政支出,说明财政政策为扩张性的,公式为。(2)预算盈余本身存在缺陷,因为国民收入有周期性收缩或扩张,当预算赤字增加时,并不一定意味着政府试图增加收入水平而改变了政策。鉴于此,为表明正确的财政政策方向,须将国民经济或说国民收入周期性变动的因素去掉。(3)充分就业预算盈余就是将国民收入水平固定在充分就业的收入水平上,或潜在产出水平上的预算盈余,即为BS*表示,BS*不受经济周期的影响。当BS*大于零时,表明财政收入大于财政支出。当BS*小于零时,表明财政收入小于财政支出。公式为:注:涉及充分就业预算盈余的概念,一定要先从预算盈余这个概念说起。六、论述与计算分析题(14分)题目:一直总生产函数为,其中K为资本存量,A为技术水平,N为劳动力数量。假定,A为1,N以人口自然增长率n=0.1的速度增长。(1) 写出人均生产函数的形式(2) 根据新古典经济增长模型,当储蓄率s=20%时,求经济稳定增长时的人均资本量和人均收入。(3) 稳定状态下的人均增长率是多少?总收入增长率是多少?(4) 说明有哪些因素影响稳态的人均收入增长率?如何影响?扩展:经济增长(多恩 3-4章),可出论述和计算。出计算,一般为两类:a、,知三求一(,) b、 稳态的公式新古典增长模型:A、 基本假设:没有技术进步(本题中A为1,即满足了此假设条件) 储蓄率(s)固定 人口增长率(n)固定规模报酬不变()边际报酬递减且为正()没有政府、对外贸易和资本流动完全竞争市场不考虑货币因素B、 从总量生产函数到人均生产函数(同时求对数得)(同时求导数),增长的核算:或(总量增长公式,A为全要素生产率)器推导过程为:=令为资本报酬或收入份额,为劳动报酬份额则(要素的贡献量=要数报酬份额*要素增长率)提高一中要素的增长率并不能使产出增长率提高同样的幅度把总量增长公式做变形,即为索罗剩余对技术进步贡献的度量(09年考了这个的名词解释)把总量增长公式再做变形,可得人均潜在产出的增长,将,代入,可得或写成(这个公式要记住)答:(1)由(其中,)(2),稳态时定义,并且在和的值满足:当s=0.2时,有扩展:新古典增长模型的稳态分析ky*y=Af(k)(n+)ksyk*资本深化资本广化人均储蓄 要会分析这个图当k小于k*时,存在着资本深化,人均储蓄大于所需投资,可继续买人买机,使人均资本和人均产出都上升,但总产量增长率大于稳态增长率直到所有人均储蓄仅能保持新增人口所需资本和重置投资时,人均收入与人均资本将保持不变,即,同时,此时为稳态。(3)稳态下,人均收入不变,总收入的增长率ytt1t0y*y*t0t1(时间)(4),有三个原因,a、人口增长率ky1*yy0*(n0+)k(n1+)k2005年对外经贸大学 411金融学综合试题一、 名词解释1、实际经济周期(1)经济的衰退和繁荣主要被归因于实际经济活动的冲击,而不是货币因素的变化。这些真实因素,如石油危机、战争、人口增减、技术革新等,市场经济无法预测到哲学因素,也无法自发地迅速作出反应。(2)认为实际观察到的GDP就是充分就业的GDP,实际观察到的失业率是自然失业率。认为经济周期本身就是经济趋势或充分就业下的GDP的变动,并不存在与长期趋势不同的短期经济背离。(3)把 政府的宏观经济政策作为外部冲击之一,主张政府不应对经济波动进行干预。四、简答题请指出货币政策的最终目标与中间目标的主要区别是什么?并说明在什么情况下,央行主要以利率或货币存量为目标来运用货币政策?答:货币政策的最终目标指政策运行的宏观经济总体目标,包括四个:充分就业、稳定物价、经济增长和国际收支平衡。货币政策的中间目标指中央银行为了实现货币政策最终目标而设置的可供观测和调整的指标,可用以衡量最终目标所产生的初步影响。一般货币政策的中介目标满足可测性、可控性和相关性特征,主要有利率和货币供应量这两个。假定:中央银行的目标是使经济达到一个特定的产出水平,考虑3至9个月的短期。以货币存量为目标的LM为单调上升的,以LM(M)表示;以利率为目标的LM为平行于横轴的LM曲线,用LM(i)表示。(1)产量波动根源为IS曲线移动的情况,则可以保持货币存量为目标运用货币政策,使产出水平保持稳定。如图1,央行的目标是使产出水平接近Y*,当IS1变动到IS2时,LM(M)保持不动,则产出的变动为Y1到Y2,比较接近Y*。此时,保持以利率为目标的货币政策,如LM(i)则产出偏离Y*会更远,如。Y*Y1Y2i*iYLM(i)IS1IS2(2)产量波动根源为LM曲线移动的情况。则保持固定的利率水平可以保持产量水平的稳定,如图2,当货币需求buwending 时,假定央行采用以固定的货币存量为目标,则LM可能是LM1,也可能是LM2,产出为Y1或Y2导致产出如果选择既定的利率为目标是,将利率固定在i*,可保证产出水平为Y*。YLM2LM1Y2Y*Y1i*i对外经贸大学2006年硕士学位研究生入学考试初试试题 一、名词解释(每小题4分,共16分) 1,价格歧视 2,平衡预算乘数 3,技术性贸易壁垒 4,利率平价理论 二,判断题(只判断正误,无需改正,每小题1分,共8分) 1、能够自由取用的商品是机会成本为零的商品。 2、经济租是指为生产要素所支付的金额与为得到使用该要素所必须支付的最小金额之间的差额。 3、国民生产总值和国内生产总值在数值上一定不相等。 4、在索洛的经济增长模型中储蓄率是外生的,但在新经济增长模型中储蓄率是内生的。 5、不存在要素密集度逆转是要素禀赋理论成立的一个条件。 6、对中间投入品征收的进口关税越高意味着最终产品关税的有效保护率越高。 7、国际收支顺差是一国增大其外汇储备最稳定、对可靠的来源。 8、元气汇差实质上是以远期汇率为本金,以两种货币利差为利率,从即期至远期交割日这段时间内所生的利息。 三,简答题(每题8分,共32分) 1,比较说明两个实力相当的寡头厂商在实现产量决策中的古诺均衡解、串通的均衡解、竞争性均衡解和先行者利益均衡解的不同。 2,根据总需求-总供给模型,分析近两年来国际石油价格上涨对一国经济短期和长期的影响。 3,简述对外贸易乘数原理。 4,评析弹性分析理论的主要贡献和局限性。 四,论述题(每题11分,共33分) 1、当前中国政府不希望改变总需求水平,即维持一个基本不变的实际收入水平,但希望通过降低投资增加消费来改变总需求的构成,你认为这需要什么样的宏观政策组合?请用IS-LM模型表示你的政策主张及其对投资、消费、收入和利率的影响。 2、试述PETER.J.Buckley等人建立和发展的内部化论点是如何进行企业跨国经营动机解释的? 3、在中国建设银行路演前,业内很多人士对此次上市的前景不太乐观,但是在2005年10月5日,建行开始全球路演后,其股票受到广大投资者的极大青睐,取得“超过5000亿港元市值,622亿港元筹资额,近10倍国际超额认购”的业绩,完全出乎此前的预期,请你分析其中原因。 五,计算与分析题(11分) 假定某国一种商品的国内供给和需求函数为Qs=P-50,Qd=100-0.5P,在整个世界市场中,该国这种商品的市场份额很小,因此该国无力影响世界市场的现行价格。已知该商品的现行世界市场价格为60美元,该国政府决定对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税40美元。问:(1)征收关税后,该商品的本国国内价格是多少?(2)征收关税给本国国内消费者、国内生产者和政府带来的收益和损失各是多少?(3)如果对每进口一单位的该商品征收关税20美元,结果如何? 六,英译汉(50分) 1,On a wing and scare(20) Fear seems to be dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and terrorism this year have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffering, but also outrage at lack of preparations to avoid or copy with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. The migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset, once a consoling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people. Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to respond to the threat posed by avian influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu,which has been spreading quickly in Asia, has been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened and emergency meeting. President Gorge Bush, still smarting from a torrent of criticism of his governments clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which has been stalled for years. Countries around world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug,Tamiflu, which might be effective in saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is calling for an international co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take. Is any of this effort justified? Or are politicians simply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialise and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To apply the kind of test which is required in any kind of disaster planning, no least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, and overreaction is all too possible. 2.Competition and Price.(15) Just as scarcity is an economic fact of life, so is competition. If you set out to sell a product or service in a free-market society, chances are that someone else will be trying to sell something similar. And because potential customers are free to buy where they please, you must competer with your rivals for those customersbusiness. You might choose to compete in one of three ways: Price, quality, or innovation. Take the fast food business, for example. A couple of years age, Taco Bell, which competes with hamburger chains like McDonalds and Burger King, Launched a full-scale price war by reducing the price of its tacos and burritos from 79 and 89 cents to 59 cents. When scales jumped by 27 percent, it slashed prices on 16 of its 23 menu items, and scales climbed another 19 percent, Meanwhile,sales in the fast-food business in general increased by only 3%. The catch, of course, is that Taco Bell now gets less money for almost every item it sells, and it still has to cover the same expenses-buying ingredients, paying employees, and so forth. How can the company charge less and still make a worthwhile profit? The answer is that the lower price attracts more customers. Even though Taco Bell makes less on each item, its luring people away from its rivals and is consequently making more money than it used to.,Stung by the competition, McDonlds followed suit by offering lower prices on certain items and special meal combinations., Now everybody in the fast-foodbusiness is feeling the profit squeeze. So what are they all doing? Theyre trying to operate more efficiently, hustling to maintain their profit margins by tightening their grip on costs. And they are hoping that lower prices will continue to increase the number of visits made by customers who are heavily fast-food users(those who eat at fast-food restaurants more than 18times per month, representing over 70 percent of scales in the industry). Head-on compitition tends to keep prices down, which is good for the buying public. At the same time, it holds out the promise of great profits to the business that can sell more of its product of service than competitors do. 3.Export Credit Cuarantee(15) Exporting goods to overseas markets on deferred payment terms brings with it two types of credit risk for the exporter: commercial or buyer risk(for example, the buyer becomintg insolvent or failing to pay for same other reason) and political or non-buyer risk(for example, actions of overseas governments or other events such as war or civil unrest of natural disasters which prevent the buyer from paying).Depending on the length time for which credit is extented, export credits are traditionally divided into short-term(under two years), medium-term(two to five years) and long-term(over five years) credits. Arrangements are available which enable an exp
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