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Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars词汇短语课型导学案（教师版）一. 学习过程Part 1 重点词汇、短语. 重点词汇1. system n. 系统；体系；制度 2. theory n. 学说；理论3. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 4. unlike prep. 不同；不像 5. harmful adj. 有害的 6. exist 存在；生存7. pull 拉；拖；牵引力 8. puzzle n. 谜；难题 9. astronomer n. 天文学家 10. atmosphere n. 大气层11. violent adj. 猛烈的 12. global adj. 全球性的. 重点短语1. in time 及时；终于 2. lay eggs 下蛋 3. give birth to 产生；分娩 4. in ones turn 轮到某人；接着 5. prevent from 阻止；制止 6. cheer up 感到高兴 7. break out突发；爆发 8. now that 既然 9. watch out 当心；提防；密切关注 10. in time 及时Part 2 合作探究 Discuss in groups and fill in the blanks 1. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. 然而 ，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。1） theory n. 学说；理论拓展 in theory 理论上 in practice实际上运用 Your idea is good in theory, but it doesnt work in practice. 你的计划理论上很好，但在实际中行不通。2） begin with 从中开始拓展to begin with= to start with 以.开始运用知识开始于实践。Knowledge begins with practice. 2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得如此激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。 violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；粗暴的拓展 violence n. 暴力；猛烈 violently adv. 暴力地；猛烈地运用 用violent的适当形式填空： After running, his heart beats violently. When the man got drunk, he became very violent. Too much violence is shown on television.3. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. 它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 in time (for sth./ to do sth.) 及时；终于；总有一天拓展 on time准时 at no time绝不 at one time曾经；一度；同时 in no time立刻；马上 ahead of time提前 at times有时 once upon a time从前 have a good time玩得开心运用 我们能及时到达车站吗？Can we get to the station in time? 如果你坚持下去，你总有一天会成功。If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 明天我将会准时到达那里。I will arrive there on time tomorrow.4. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 在像火星这些其他行星上也出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。 unlike prep. 不同；不像 adj. 不同的；不相似的拓展dislike v. 不喜欢；讨厌 运用 和我妹妹不同，我不喜欢跑步。Unlike my sister, I dislike running. 这两个问题是完全不同的。The two problems are quite unlike.5. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 harmful adj. 有害的 harm n./ v. 损害；伤害 harmless adj. 无害的拓展be harmful to= do harm to 对.有害运用 吸烟有害健康。Smoking is harmful to health. 太多的阳光可能有害。Too much sun can be harmful.6. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.他们也下蛋，并在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。1) lay vt.(laid, laid, laying) 放置；摆放；产蛋 lay eggs 下蛋拓展 撒谎：lie-lied-lied-lying 躺，位于：lie-lay-lain-lying 放置，摆放，下蛋：lay-laid-laid-laying例句The boy lying under the tree lied to his friend that his cock laid eggs. 躺在树下的那个男孩向他的朋友撒谎说他的公鸡下蛋了。2) exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在；生存 existent adj. 存在的拓展 exist in存在于.中 exist on靠.生活 exist as作为.而存在;以.形态存在 come into existence产生；成立；开始存在 There exists/ existed. 某地有.；存在. 例句 There exists nothing without water and air. 没有空气和水，一切都不存在。运用 他靠微薄的收入生活。He exists on a low salary. 鱼离开水就不能活。Fish cant exist out of water.7. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为他们能从体内分娩出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。 give birth to 产生；分娩拓展at birth 在出生时 by birth 在血统上；天生地；生来运用 她生了一个健康的女孩。She gave birth to a healthy girl. 那次非凡的经历诞生了他最新的一部小说。 The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.8. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. 于是，他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。 in ones turn 轮到某人；接着拓展 in turn依次；反过来 by turns 轮流地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事运用 今天轮到我值日。I was on duty on my turn. 我们轮流驾车。We drove the car by turns. 他们轮流照顾他们生病的父亲。They take turns to look after their sick father. 9. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 prevent.from 阻止；制止例句The teachers words prevented the students from making foolish mistakes.拓展相关短语： stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 (=keep sb. from doing sth.)运用 她的突然到来使他不能外出。Her sudden arrival prevented him from going out. 这位教授得了一种病，这种病使他不能讲话了。 The professor has a disease which prevents him from speaking.10. How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve. 地球上的生命是如何起源的，这是科学家们觉得最难解决的一个谜团。 puzzle n. 谜；难题 v. （使）迷惑；（使）为难 puzzling adj. 使迷惑的 puzzled adj. 迷惑的；困惑的拓展feel/ be puzzled about sth. 对某事感到迷惑 puzzle over/ about sth. 对某事苦苦思索 运用 这个字母使我迷惑不解。This letter puzzles me. 她对她的未来感到迷惑。She felt puzzled about her future. 他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。He puzzled over/ about a math problem last night. 11. As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight. 因为这一事件，一大团尘埃在空中形成，挡住了阳光。 1) as a result of 作为结果；由于 拓展as a result结果；因此 运用雨太大，所以我来晚了。As a result of the rain, I was late. 他由于受伤而死亡。She died as a result of injuries. 结果，我们通过了考试。As a result, we pass the exam. 2) block out 挡住（光线） 运用那堵墙把光线都遮住了。That wall blocks out the light. 我们用窗帘挡住阳光。We use the curtain to block out the sunshine.12. that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance. crash into v. 撞上；闯入 例句 The motorcycle crashed into the fence. 摩托车猛地撞在了围栏上。 运用 飞机撞毁在山上了。The plane crashed into the mountain.13. “Oh dear,” I cried, “ walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天呐，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。 now that 既然；由于运用 既然你很忙，就让我替你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it for you. 既然已经完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。 Now that you have finished your work, you had better take a good rest.14. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the space as the earths gravity increased. 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 break out 突发；爆发拓展break in 打断；闯入 break through突破 break up 驱散；拆散运用 那场战争爆发于1937年。The war broke up in 1937. 夜间火灾突发。The fire broke up suddenly at night.
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