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定语从句高考难点关系副词篇Good morning,everyone！Its my honor to give you a class. I hope we can learn something from it. Now lets begin our class.教学目标：掌握有关系副词引导的定语从句教学重点：定语从句中关系副词why、when、where教学难点：定语从句关系副词的选择教学过程Step one1、 定语从句相关基础知识1、定语从句今天我们主要学习定语从句中关系副词的用法。我们先来复习一下什么叫做定语从句。定语，我们都知道就是用来修饰名词或者代词的词。定语从句顾名思义，就是用一句话来修饰名词或代词。2、 定语从句的结构:主句（先行词）+关系词+从句哪位同学能告诉我定语从句的结构是什么？对,就是主句（关系词）+关系词+从句3、 先行词：名词、名词词组、代词那么什么试先行词呢？定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词、词组或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出4、 关系词：关系代词 that which who whom whose 关系副词 why when where关系词在句字中起引导连接到作用并在从句中充当成分，这点非常重要不仅是区别定于从句和其他从句的特征还是做对定语从句题目的关键。关系词则包括关系代词 that which who whom whose等在从句中做主、宾、表、补。鉴于上次我们以重点学习过就不再一一举例了。关系副词 why when where自从句中则做状语。今天我们要重点讲解定语从句中关系副词的用法。2、 定语从句之关系副词1、 关系副词 why1) 在从句中做原因状语，修饰从句谓语动词；先行词必须是表示原因的名词，常用的就两个reason, cause我们举例说明：e.g.（1）This is the reason why I didnt come here.2）why作关系词引导定语从句，先行词一定是reason/cause;但reason/cause是先行词时，关系词不一定就是why，可能是that/whiche.g. The reason _ he gave me was unknown. The reason _ he didnt attend the meeting was unknown.3）如何选择关系词解题路径：区分关系代词和关系副词，分析从句中的成分，判断关系词在从句中充当的成分，从而判断是关系代词还是关系副词a. 通过翻译找准先行词b. 判断从句中的谓语动词是否及物。及物动词没有带宾语，说明关系词在从句中做宾语，因此是关系代词（注意spend，visit是及物动词，give后可接双宾语，talk 是不及物动词）4）why引导的定语从句时，先行词可省略因此例句（1）可以改为：This is why I didnt come here.小结：why引导的定语从句比较简单，记住reason和cause2. 关系副词when1) 在从句中做时间状语，修饰从句谓语动词；先行词必须是表示时间的名词，常用的例如hour, day, year, time等e.g. (2) I never forget the day when we first met in the park.2) 先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定是whene.g. The days _ we spent in London is unforgettable. The days _ we stayed in London is unforgettable.小结：关系词when的用法，首先看先行词是否为时间名词，再分析从句句子成分。从句缺少时间状语用when, 缺少其他成分用that等即 先行词是时间名词，关系词不一定是when关系词是when，先行词一定是时间名词3.关系副词where1) 在从句中做地点状语，修饰从句谓语动词；先行词通常是表示地点的名词，常用的例如house, factory, palce等e.g. (3) I get out of the house where I was born.2) 先行词是地点名词，关系词不一定是wheree.g. This is the town _ I spent my childhood. This is the town _ I told you about.判断方法任然是看关系词在定语中充当的成分3）where引导定语从句，先行词可能是隐含地点意义的抽象名词必须（舍我其谁）vs通常(还有例外)换句话说，where引导的定语从句，先行词不一定是表示地点的名词，但是这类名词隐含地点意义，通常是抽象名词，例如dream, case, point, stage, situation, occasion, business等e.g. He has reached the point(地步/程度) _ a change is needed.(that/which/where/who) Can you think out a situation (情况/情形)_ this phrase can be used.小结：a.确认关系词在从句中是否作状语，再确认先行词是否为地点名词 b.谨记where引导的定语从句中可能出现“离谱”的先行词总而言之，当先行词是隐含地点意义的抽闲名词，同时又在从句中充当状语成分时，用where引导定语从句这两给条件缺一不可。三个关系副词中where用法最复杂，也是高考中的容易命题和出错的点。大家可能会有疑问说关系副词有how吗？4. 关系副词有how吗？how 不可以作为表示方式的关系副词，在英语中若要表示方式，用以下四种句型1） the way +从句2）the way that +从句3）the way in which +从句4）the manner that +从句e.g. (4) I dont like _ you speak to her. A the way B the way in that C the way which D the way of which关于定语从句的关系副词我们要讲的主要就有这么多。下面我们来做几道习题巩固下所学的知识。STEP THREE Exercise The factory_ we visited last week was built in 2001.大家请看第一题先找主句 主句是 the factory was built in 2001. 从句是_ we visited last week，先行词是名词 the factory 没有生命的物体，同时在从句中充当visited 的宾语，所以关系词应该用 that 或which。大家明白吗？ The factory_ my father was working was built in 2001.请看第二题，主句是 the factory was built in 2001.从句是_ my father was working 先行词是the factory不仅是名词还是表示地点的名词同时在从句中充当地点状语，所以关系词用where。 Its helpful to put children into a situation_ they can see themselves differently. 高考真题09福建 A that B when C which D where第三题 我们要善于找关键词，一但在题干中看到dream, case, point, stage, situation, occasion, business等隐含地点意义的抽象名词时，第一反应就是是不是where引导的定语从句。再结合题目分析他在从句中充当什么成分 ，如果是充当状语关系副词一定是where。此类型题目是高考中的难点、易错点。大家一定要引起高度重视。最后我们一起总结一下：STEP FOUR Sum up 关系副词先行词成分why原因状语when时间where地点STEP FIVE Homework造句要求:定语从句中至少再包含另外一个定语从句e. g. Ill never forget the day when we first met in the park where is full of pandas whose eyes are black that is my sisters favorite.
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