备考2011MBA之写作常见问题.doc

备考2011MBA之写作常见问题 1不会审题，偏离主题。很多考生在着手做写作题时并无审题和构思的概念，有的担心时间不够，有的则是无从下笔，结果不是文不对题就是时间已过半，只好草草收场。 2用汉语思维，逐字翻译。有的考生对英语遣词造句无把握，便用汉语构思文章,同时将汉语句子硬译成英语，结果是非驴非马，无法理解。 3用词搭配不当。英语语言的一大特点是其丰富的习惯用语和固定搭配，包括动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语，例如(花费很多时间做某事)“spend much time in”不能改成“take much time in”。词与词之间的固定搭配是由历史形成的,有的看起来不符合逻辑，但却是地道用法。 4词汇量小，表达困难，拼写错误。部分学生能在写作中运用的词汇量太少，有的知道用法但又拼写不出来，结果只能用中文取而代之，成绩自然不会理想。 5句子逻辑关系混乱。部分考生因受汉语结构的影响，对句子中主谓语及状语之间的位置安排不妥，造成逻辑混乱。例如： Our English class often told stories应改为：We often told stories in our English class。 6不会运用关联词转承上下句子和段落。关联词即过渡词使上下句子和段落合理衔接，承上启下，使表达合乎逻辑，同时结构严谨，文章紧凑。例如： People learn English to use it. some learn it to stady or work abroadOthers learn it to read books and magazines in English or have something to do with English-speaking foreigners 采用适当关联词，改进为： People learn English for practical purposes：some learn it to study or work abroad，while others learn it to read or communicate in English 7语法错误。语法错误主要表现为：(1)分不清及物与不及物动词，例如：rise和raise；hear和listen等：(2)被动语态与主动语态的误用，例如：interesting和interested；speaking和spoken等；(3)词类混淆，将动词或形容词误作名词用，将名词或动词误作形容词用等。例如：benefit和beneficial；difficult和difficulty；pleasure和pleased等。(4)混淆可数名词与不可数名词，例如：AfJF，practice等。(5)冠词、情态动词、介词、代词等方面的错误，例如：a English book，should did，must done等。四英语写作的整体模式英语写作的文章一般包括一个开头段、若干扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。1.开头段开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。一般在开头段写四、五句即可。考生应注意以下若干要点： 1)开头段的作用 概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图。 2)写开头段时考生应该避免的若干问题开头偏离主题太远;使用抱歉或埋怨之词句;内容不具体，言之无物；使用不言自明的陈述。 3)开头段的表达方法 使用引语(use a quotation) 使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。例：“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.”Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success. 使用具体详实的数字或数据(use figures or statistics) 引用一些具体详实的数字或数据，然后作出概括性分析，指明问题的症结所在。 例：In the past 5 years there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbear ing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples withwives under 35 gave no birth to children, compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent. 提出问题(ask a question) 提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。 例：What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work-based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provide more than material things. 给出背景(offer relevant background) 描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等。 例：Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son, the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern. 定义法(give definition) 针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨。例：Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change, and you must constantly learn and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it. 主题句法(use of topic sentence) 文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。 例：Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them, the knowledge of a foreign language, say, English, often means a good opportunity for ones career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.