高三语法复习(六)介词.doc

语法复习（六）-介词介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，介词主要构成不同短语，现归纳几组常用介词：一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。 Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外，即二者之间有距离间隔。如： Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如： North Korea is on the east of China. 4. off表示“离一些距离或离不远的海上”。如： They arrived at a house off the main road. New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia. 二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示： （1）时间的一点、时刻等。如： They came home at sunrise （at noon, at midnight, at ten oclock, at daybreak, at dawn、dusk）. （2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如： He went home at Christmas （at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night）. 2. in指时间表示： （1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。如： in the 20th century, in Qing Dynasty, in recent years, in the past, in the last few years, in 2004, in March, in spring， in the morning, in the evening, in ones spare time, etc （2）在一段时间之后。一般情况下，用于将来时，谓语动词为瞬间动词，意为“在以后”。如： He will arrive in two hours. in a minute, in a second, in seconds(在很短的时间),in a short time, in a while, in tthree weeks time.谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在以内”。如： These products will be produced in a month。注意：after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后，但其后的时间是“一点”，而不是“一段”。如： He will arrive after two oclock. 但He came back after two days.3. on指时间表示： （1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、某节日、星期几等。如： on the eve of, on the following day, on Monday morning, on New Years Eve, on the next morning, On Christmas Day（On May 4th）, there will be a celebration. （2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如： He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5th. （3）准时，按时。如： If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark. 4. by指时间表示： （1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如： He will come by six oclock. Jack had made some friends by the time you came. （2）在间，在的时候。如： He worked by day and slept by night. 5. through指时间意为“从开始到结束”，此时与throughout相同。如We work hard all through the year. 三. at, in和on表示地点时的区别 1. at表示地点： （1）用于指较小的地方。如： I shall wait for you at the station. （2）用于门牌号码前。如： He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 2. in表示地点： （1）用于指较大的地方。如： He lives in Shanghai. （2）虽然是很小的地方，如果说话人住在那里，也可用in。商店、学校、机关等，若看作一个地点（point）用at，若看作一个场所（place）用in。如： I met him at the post-office. Im now working in the post-office. 3. on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。如： The picture was hanging on the wall. New York is on the Hudson River. 四. besides, except, except for, but表示“除外”之间的区别 1. besides表示“除了以外，还有，具有附加性质。Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.注意：besides用于否定句中时，与except, but同义，可互换。We have no other books besides / except these. 2. except表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如： We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.（王先生没去） 3. except for表示“除了”，即表示除去整体中的一部分。如： The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 4. but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。如： Nobody knew it but me. 五. above, over, on, up表示“在上”之间的区别 1. above指“上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。Were flying above the clouds. 2. over指“在正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。如： The bridge is over the river. 3. on表示“在上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。如： There is a map on the wall. 4. up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如： Please hang the picture up. 六. by, through, with，in表示“方式、方法、手段”之间的区别 1. by表方式： （1）表示以一般的方法或方式。如： No one in those days could live by writing poems. （2）表示传达、传递的方式或媒介。如： How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail? （3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数，不加冠词。He came by train, but his wife came by bus. 注意下面两句的区别： Did you come by train? Did you come in his car / on my bike? “by +抽象名词”构成的词组有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work. 2. through表示“以；通过；经由”。如： He succeeded through hard work. 3. with表示方式 （1）表示行为方式，意为“以；带着；用”。如： We are well provided with food and clothing. （2）表示使用具体的工具或手段。如： He writes with a pen. 注意：在表示手段时，by, through, with有时也可换用，但with的意思更明确。如： Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions. 4. in 表示媒体、手段、材料；如: speak in English, write a message in code, written in ink,pen, pencil, pay in cash, say it in a few words, speak in a loud voice七. through, with, from, for, at表示原因的区别 1. through表示原因，作“因为”解，常和neglect, carelessness, mistake, fault等词连用，表示偶然或消极的原因，如疏忽、过错、不慎等。如： He cut himself through carelessness. / through one fault of ours. 2. with表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。如： The little girl was shivering with cold. 3. from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦、死亡等原因。如： She did it from a sense of duty. 4. for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。如： Forgive me for keeping you waiting. 5. at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。如： At the news they felt very glad. 八. 介词的搭配方式 1. 介词可与名词搭配。如：answer to, key to, the reason for, the cause of, advice on, by means of, lack of, a picture of, 等。 2. 介词可与形容词搭配。如：be afraid of, be active in, be tired of, be bored with, be prepared for, be suitable for, be familiar to / with, be free from, be related to, 等。 3. 介词可与动词搭配。如：talk about, preventfrom, belong to, get over, depend on, object to, refer to, look forward to, make up for, devote to, take notice of, pay attention to, fixon等。4.表状态的短语：in a dilemma(处于进退两难的境地), in a hurry, in action(在行动中), in an emergency, (处于紧急情况中), in anxiety, in astonishment, in bad mood(心情不好), in bad temper(心情不好，生气), in bed, in blossom(bloom) (在开花 ), in charge(看管), in church, in class, in confusion (在混乱中), in control (of), in danger, in debt(负债), in deep water(s)(处于困境), in demand(有需求) in despair, in difficulty, in good condition, in good health, in high spirits, in horror, in hospital, in love, in need (of) , in order(状态良好), in panic, in peace(平安)(at peace和平), in power, in practice(在实践中， 事实上), in silence, in sorrow, in store(储藏着) in surprise/anger , in tears(流着泪) in the field(在作战), in the same boat(处境相同), in the works(在计划中), in thought, in trade, in trouble, in use, in(at) college, in(at) school, in(at) university, in uniform, in Russian, measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre., in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着.希望 ,in connection with 和有关, in contact with 和联系 ,in addition to 除.以外 ,in case of 倘若，万一 ,in conflict with 和.冲突,in regard to 关于 ,in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近, in detail 详细地 ,in conclusion 总之, in spite of 尽管, in other words. 换句话说, in return 作为回报 ,in the name of 以.名义 ,be confident in 对.有信心, be interested in 对.感兴趣,in doubt 怀疑 in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地 ,in hesitation 犹豫不决 ,in wonder 在惊奇中in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地) in a good humour 心情(情绪)好 on a diet(在节食), on a picnic, on a trip, on a vacation trip, on a visit, on a voyage, on a walk, on business, on display, on duty, on exhibition, on fire, on foot, on holiday, on leave, on ones day(在最兴旺的日子), on ones knees, on sale, on show, on the air(在广播), on the phone(在打电话) on the watch(守侯着), on the way(在途中), on vacation, on watch(值班), at breakfast, at church, at dinner, at ease(悠闲自得), at hand(在手边), at table(在吃饭), at the meeting, at the piano, at the wheel(在驾车), at war, at work，基础练习1_ the age of ten, she had learned to play the piano.AAfterBInCAtDBy2The old man took a walk every day _ when it rained.AexceptBbesidesCbesideDas3Look at Lucy! How happy she looks _ her new dress.AafterBforCatDin4His mother bought him a new bicycle _ the morning of his eighteenth birthday.AonBinCatDbefore5 The new dress looks very nice _ you.Thank you. Im glad you say so.AforBatCinDon6 How long have you been working in this factory?_ 1986.AInBFormCAfterDSince7Japan lies _ the east of Asia, _ the east of China.Ain; toBto; inCin; inDto; to8The old lady _ a pair of thick glass got on the bus.AinBhavingCwithDon9The old woman died not _ old age but _ grief.Afrom; fromBof; ofCof; fromDfrom; of10They themselves take their work for granted, and do not care what strangers may think _ it. AatBaboutCinDwith11Your composition is excellent, _ some spelling mistakes.AexceptBbesidesCexcept forDbeside12The young man was given a medal _ what he had achieved in his research work.AsinceBbecause ofCbecauseDas13Last summer we visited _ beautiful places _ Hangzhou, Huangshan and Nanjing.Aso; asBsuch; likeCnot as; asDsuch; as14I met Jim _ the first time when I was in Harrys.AatBinCforDof15We went for a walk in the forest _ the moonlight.AonBinCforDby16Which subject are you good _, English or maths?AonBinCofDat17Did you see a girl _ golden hair walk into the room?AwithBofChasDin18_ the opinion of most people it is not good to eat too much meat.AInBForCToDOn19It is the best answer _ the question.AofBaboutCforDto20They found nothing _ a stone in the parcel.AbesideBbutCbesidesDlike21The fish with sharp teeth can eat a person _ two minutes.AafterBatCforDin22_ the afternoon of June 18, well visit the school.AInBAtCOnDBy23Some food and clothing will be supplied _ the poor people in the mountain areas.AforBtoCatDwith24Some people became passive(not active) and stop working whenever anything _ their wishes or wills.Ais againstBruns againstCgoes againstDis for25Sorry, I dont agree _ your plan.AtoBonCaboutDwith26There will be a party _ New Years Eve.AonBatCforDfrom27Ive been here _ the year 1995.Aever beforeBever sinceCinDduring28The Yellow River is the longest river _ to the Changjiang River.AnextBthanCtoDfor29Grapes can be made _ wine.Is this bottle of wine made _ grapes, too?Sure. And it is made _ China.Ainto, of, forBinto, from, in Cof, from, in Dfrom, into, by30_ my visit to Europe, I finally arrived _ Italy.AOn, inBOn, atCDuring, inDIn, at31The doctor will be free _ .A10 minutes late Bafter 10 minutes Cin 10 minutes D10 minutes after32They will try their best to compete _ a race _ a prize.Afor, forBin, forCwith, inDin, in33Many new houses and tall buildings have been set up for teachers and it _ an improvement of their conditions.Ahas brought about Bhas brought up Chas brought around Dhas brought for34Ah. Margaret, come _, the fruit shop is quite near. Just _ the corner.Aalong, behindBacross, aroundCwith, acrossDalong, around35The door closed _ itself.AforBofCtoDin36It was careless _ him to drop his watch into the river.AtoBwithCforDof37Since I came to China Ive known that about seven people _ ten speak Putonghua.AofBtoCinDabout38_ last month, Jack had been late for three times.AByBSinceCInDFor39Lets walk over _ the sun _ the other side of the street.Ain, toBto, onCunder, toDby, at40They went to school by bike _ foot today.AbutBinstead of onCbut onDinstead of41I knew nothing about the accident _ what I read in the paper.AbutBinstead of onCbut onDinstead of42It is not always easy to tell right _ wrong.AorBbetweenCandDfrom43We walked _ Tian An Men square to the Monument _ the Peoples Heroes.Aacross, toBacross, ofCthrough, forDpast, to44The boat is passing _ the bridge.AunderBthroughCacrossDtowards45They will leave a week _ today. I do hope they can finish the work.AfromBonCbyDfor46_ everyones surprise, the seven-year-old boy worked out the problem _ no difficulty. ATo, withBIn, withCTo, inDFor, in47_ the bad weather, we would have gone picnicking yesterday.AIn spite ofBBut forCBecause ofDAs for48I recognized the handwriting _.Aas our monitors Blike our monitor Cas that of our monitorsDlike that of my monitor49Sports and games can be _ great help to us. Lets all do more sports.AofBwithCforDin50_ the two stories Ive just read, I like the one written by the young lady better.AInBByCOfDFrom51We planned to get to London _ Monday, but I didnt arrive _ Friday.Aon, onBtill, onCto, fromDon, until52Why were you absent _ school yesterday?I was ill _ bed.Afrom, inBto, onCat, inDin, on53About twenty percent of the population of our country live _ wages.AbyBonCwithDin54Your voice sounds different _ the phone.AinBforCfromDon55The house is _ fire; call _ help quickly, or break the glass to sound the alarm.Aon, forBat, forCin, to Don, to56We offered him our congratulations _ his achievements.AatBonCforDof57Our National Flag stands out brightly _ the blue sky.AagainstBbyCunderDover58Eating too much sweets and chocolates _ meals is bad for you.AamongBthroughCbetweenDfor59She looks quite young _ her age.AforBofCinDabout60I hope you can answer the paper _ ink, not _ pencil.Aat, withBwith, in aCin, with aDwith, in61The children are really hungry now, so wed better find a restaurant to eat _.AatBforC/Dwith62. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. （2008福建） A. under B. with C. on D. by 63. Elizabeth has already achieved success_ _her wildest dreams. (2008陕西卷) A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon 64. - Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? - Because the old one has been damaged _.（2008江苏卷） A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description 65. Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students _ financial aid. （2008天津卷） A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of 66. At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was _.（2008天津卷） A. out f sight B. out f reach C. out f order D. out f place 67. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. （2008四川卷） A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 68. I began to feel _ in the new school when I saw some familiar faces. （2008山东） A. at home B. at heart C. at will D. at sight 69. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _working here. （全国卷II） A. with B. over C. at D. about 70. Lets learn to use the problem were facing _ a stepping-stone to future success.(08全国1） A. to B. for C. as D. by 71. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. (2008辽宁卷) A. at B. on C. to D. of 72. -When did you last hear_ Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed_ a time and place to meet. (2008湖南卷) A of, to B about, with C. from, with D. from, on 73. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have _ for her, but now all her worries are gone. (2008湖北卷) A. in need B. in time C. in preparation D. in store 74. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door.(08北京) A. for B. by C. across D. out 75. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _ a chair. （2008安徽卷） A. on B. off C. into D. to 完形填空 (Cloze) (共15小题；每小题1分，计15分) 阅读下面的短文，根据首字母的提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文语义完整。 It was already late when we set out for the next town, which according to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the hills. There we felt s _ (1) that we would find a bed for the night. Darkness f _ (2) soon after we left the village, but luckily we met no one as we drove swiftly along the narrow w _ (3) road that led to the hills. As we climbed higher, it became colder and rain began to fall, making it d _ (4) at times to see the road. I asked John, my companion, to drive more s _ (5). After we had travelled for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was m _ (6) on the map. We were beginning to get w _ (7. Then, without warning, the car s _ (8). A quick e _ (9) showed that we had run out of petrol. Although we had little food with us, only a few biscuits and some chocolate, we decided to s _ (10) the night in the car. Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, but John, who was a p _ (11) sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went for a walk up the hill. Soon he came r _ (12) back. From the top of the hill he had seen, in the v _ (13) below, the lights of the town we were looking for. We at once unloaded all our luggage and, with a great effort, managed to p _ (14) the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back for the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. In less than a quarter of an hour we were in the town, where we found a hotel quite e _ (15).John Hunter(JH): Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Health Matters, Radio Fours weekly looks at whats new in the world of medicine. My first guest this afternoon is Dr Helen Gao, who works in a medical practice here in London. Welcome to the program, Dr Gao. Helen Gao(HG): Thank you very much, John. JH: Now, doctors are saying that they may have found a cure for many of the health problems people havetoday. What is this amazing new wonder drug, Dr Gao? HG: Well, John, it may be a wonder drug, but its certainly not new! Its just a simple drink of water. JH: A simple drink of water? HG: Yes, thats right. Doctors now believe that many of the illnesses and health problems people suffer from are simply caused by dehydration, or (1) _ . Most people are dehydrated at least some of the time, although theyre probably not aware of it. In fact, if you feel thirsty at all, youre ready suffering from the first stages of dehydration! We really should be drinking long before we feel thirsty. Dehydration is even more of a problem for the elderly, because our sense of thirst becomes less effective as we get older. This means that, although they may not realize it, many old people are dehydrated most of the time. JH: What are some of the health problems that might be caused by dehydration? HG: Theres a long list, John. Headaches, high blood pressure, asthma, and arthritis are some of the most common. Doctors also believe that dehydration may be one of the factors which cause people to eat too much and become overweight. Often, people think that theyre hungry, when they are really just thirsty. If they had a drink of water more often, they would eat much less. JH: Is drinking more water the solution for everyone? HG: In most developed countries, yes. Water is easily available, and there really is no need for people to be dehydrated. But in many poorer countries, of course, there simply isnt enough water for everyone to drink. Also, pollution and a lack of hygiene mean that drinking a glass of water straight from the tap would probably be more harmful than helpful to your health. And, to make a final point, there are still many ill